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"Penelitian merupakan studi kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui tingkat kepentingan stakeholders; 2) mengetahui kendala atau hambatan yang dihadapi; dan 3) membuat rancangan rencana strategis terhadap pengelolaan sumberdaya air guna meningkatkan kualitas air baku khususnya pelaksanaan Prokasih di DKI Jakarta pada Sungai Ciliwung.Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Quasi. Analisis deskriptif sebagai langkah awal untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Prokasih, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats). Kemudian dilakukan Proses Hirarki Analitik (PHA) guna merancang rencana strategis untuk pelaksanaan Prokasih selanjutnya.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kendala-kendala yang menghambat pelaksanaan Prokasih ini adalah keterbatasan dana; kurangnya sosialisasi yang lebih intensif dan tepat sasaran dalam pelaksanaan Prokasih menjadi polemik tersendiri; faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah sumberdaya manusia, terutama dalam hal kualitas, pelaksanaan Prokasih dan penyebarluasannya sangat tergantung pada sikap dan perilaku masyarakat sasaran program. Selain itu, komitmen dari pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan (stakeholders) dengan Prokasih ini menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan program dan penerapan sanksi yang lemah dan pemberian reward yang tidak nyata juga merupakan kendala yang perlu diatasi.Untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala dasar tersebut, diusulkan berbagai kebijakan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mendukung pelaksanaan Prokasih yang berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan PHA yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, maka hirarki kebijakan sebagai berikut: Sosialisasi (0,215); Peningkatan SDM (0,193); Menerapkan sanksi & reward (0,186); Monitoring bersama (0,161); Intensifikasi program-program lain (0,130); dan Pemberian akses air bersih (minum) untuk masyarakat setempat (0,115).

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The research is policy study which aim for: 1) knowing the level of interested of stakeholders; 2) knowing the constraint or resistance faced during the time on implementation; and 3) making strategic plan for the water resource management to increase the standard water quality, specially the implementation of Prokasih at the River of Ciliwung, DKI Jakarta.

This research used the Quasi Experiment Method. Descriptive analysis as early step to evaluate the implementation of Prokasih, followed by data analysis conducted by using approach the SWOT Analyse (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to design the strategic plan for the implementation of Prokasih hereinafter.

This study concluded that problems pursuing this implementation of Prokaÿÿh were fund limitationÿÿÿÿck of more intensive socialization became the separate polemic. The most influenced factor was human resources, especially in the case of quality. And the implementation of Prokasih and its dissemination were very depended on attitude and behavior of target society program. Commitment from interested parties (stakeholders) for Prokasih became the biggest determinant factor, also the weak of sanction applied and unrealized reward.

To overcome various the elementary constraint, proposed by various policy which can be developed to support the sustainable of implementation of Prokasih. Based on AHP performed in this research, hence the following policy hierarchy: Socialization (0.215); Improvement Human Resources (0.193); Applying Sanction & Reward (0.186); Monitoring with (0.161); Other Programs Intensification (0.130); and Gifting access the clean water (drinking water) for the local resident (0.115)."

"Air adalah peradaban dan tanpa air kehidupan akan musnah. Pada saat yang sama air, meskipun merupakan sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui, juga merupakan sumber daya alam yang langka bagi sebagian penghuni bumi ini. Kompetisi penggunaan air untuk berbagai keperluan membuat ketersediaannya, khususnya air bersih, semakin berkurang. Penyediaan air bersih di Propinsi DKI Jakarta masih menghadapi berbagai kendala yang kompleks, mulai dari kelembagaan, teknologi, pembiayaan, kelangkaan air baku, maupun sikap dari masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan air bersih. Pengelolaan air bersih berpacu dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang meningkat pesat serta perkembangan wilayah dan industri yang cepat di Kota Jakarta di tengah ancaman keterbatasan sumber-sumber air balm untuk menyuplai kebutuhan masyarakat perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (i) pengelolaan sumber daya air di Propinsi DKI Jakarta yang ada saat ini, (ii) kendalalhambatan yang dihadapi oleh stakeholder dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Propinsi DKI Jakarta, dan (iii) bentuk strategi dan kebijakan yang bisa menjamin pengelolaan sumber daya air di Propinsi DKI Jakarta guna menjawab tantangan masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Quasi. Analisis deskriptif sebagai langkah awal untuk mengevaluasi pengelolaan sumber daya air. Sementara itu, analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats). Kemudian dilakukan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) guns merancang rencana strategis untuk pengelolaan sumber daya air selanjutnya. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa air memiliki kriteria kuantitas, kualitas, dan kontinuitas. Indikator pendukung kriteria air adalah penyediaan air, pengelolaan air limbahlkotor, pengelolaan sampah, pengelolaan lingkungan sungai dan catchment area. Lalu kendala-kendala dalarn pengelolaan sumber daya air di Kota Jakarta dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 5 (lima) bagian dengan prioritas yang hares segera diatasi adalah: peraturan, sumber daya manusia dan kelembagaan, teknis dan operasional, peran serta masyarakat, dan pendanaan. Untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala dasar tersebut, diusulkan berbagai kebijakan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan sumber daya air di Propinsi DKI Jakarta guna menjawab tantangan masa depan, yaitu: penyusunan master plan terpadu; penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan yang komprehensif; keterlibatan seluruh stakeholder dengan koordinasi yang terintegrasi; sosialisasi yang intensif untuk program-program pendukung maupun rancangan. peraturan perundang-undangan; pemberian reward dan punishment yang tegas dan nyata; pengintesifan implementasi program-program pendukung; pola kemitraan untuk implementasi teknologi modem; pembentukan dewan air pemilihan leading sector; dan peningkatan kapabilitas dan kualitas sumber daya manusia."

"Masyarakat seharusnya menjadi pihak utama dalam mengelola sumber daya alam karena peransertanya akan mempengaruhi kelangsungan sumber daya tersebut, baik secara Iangsung maupun tidak Iangsung. Sayangnya, banyak Peranserta yang tidak sejalan untuk mendukung kelestarian lingkungan dan cenderung mengarah kepada kerusakan ekosistem dan pencemaran lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini, pengaruh Peranserta masyarakat yang tinggal di sempadan sungai Enim dan kondisi penanganan Iimbah terhadap pengelolaan kualitas sumber secara khusus dipertanyakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji seberapa besar pengaruh Peranserta masyarakat dan kondisi penanganan Iimbah terhadap pengelolaan sumber daya air.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisa (1) Peranserta masyarakat dan kondisi penanganan Iimbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan sehari-hari, (2) pengaruh Peranserta masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan kualitas air, (3) hubungan antara kondisi penanganan Iimbah dan kualitas air; (4) pengaruh Peranserta masyarakat dan kondisi penanganan Iimbah terhadap pengelolaan kualitas air, secara bersamaan (simultan). Penelitian deskriptif analitis yang menggunakan metode survey ini dilakukan di daerah sepanjang Sungai Enim, Kabupaten Muara Enim, Provinsi Sumatra Selatan. Ada 132 responden yang tinggal di pinggir sungai, diambil sebagai sampel yang kemudian dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa korelasi dan regresi. Hasil pemrosesan data statistik menunjukkan bahwa besarya pengaruh simultan Peranserta masyarakat (X1) dan kondisi penanganan limbah (X2) terhadap pengelolaan kualitas sumber daya air (Y) adalah 0,733 yang berarti cukup kuat. Sedangkan kontribusi simultan variabel X1 dan X2 terhadap Y is 73,3% or (Y)= R2 x 100% = 73.3% dan sisanya ditentukan oleh variabel lain. Lebih jauh lagi, naikturunnya pengelolaan kualitas sumber daya air dapat diprediksi atau dihitung melaiui persamaan regresi Y = 18.665 + 0.227 Xi + 0.459X2. Besarnya pengaruh variabel X1 terhadap Y adalah 0,685 atau 68,5%; kemudian, sisanya ditentukan oleh variabel lain. Besarnya koefisien pengaruh kondisi penanganan limbah terhadap pengelolaan sumber daya air adalah 0,566 atau kontribusi sebesar 56,6%.Angka-angka di atas menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang besar antara (1) Peranserta masyarakat (X1) dan pengelolaan kualitas air (Y), (2) kondisi penanganan Iimbah (X2) dan pengelolaan kualitas air (Y), (3) Peranserta masyarakat (X1) bersamaan dengan kondisi penanganan limbah (X2) terhadap pengelolaan kualitas sumber daya air (Y). Dengan kata lain, masing-masing variabel (XI dan X2) saling mempengaruhi terhadap pengelolaan kualitas air baik secara individu maupun bersamaan.Dari hal tersebut, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peranserta masyarakat dan kondisi penanganan limbah harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan cara mendorong Peranserta masyarakat untuk ramah lingkungan dan menciptakan kondisi yang lebih balk dalam penanganan limbah. Ini memerlukan usaha-usaha strategis dan terpadu untuk menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung masyarakat memiliki Peranserta yang diinginkan dan ramah pada lingkungan.Berdasarkan kesimpulan di atas, penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah daerah untuk berupaya mengubah Peranserta masyarakat dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga keberlangsungan lingkungan. Hal ini tentunya akan menghasilkan keuntungan yang akan meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat pada umumnya dan generasi mendatang dalam jangka panjang. Dalam prakteknya, masyarakat harus diberikan pelatihan khusus dan penyuluhan mengenai cara penangangan limbah yang lebih baik. Terakhir, penyediaan prasarana yang relevan dan insentif yang nyata juga panting diberikan.

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Society should be the main agent in managing natural resources, as their participation will influence the natural resources' sustainability, directly or indirectly. Unfortunately, many of the participations are not in line to support the environment preservation so that their daily activities often produce pollutions. The same thing happens to Enim River. In this research, the influence of participation of the society living on the riverside of Enim and the waste processing condition to water resource management in specific is questioned. Therefore, this research is to study how much the effect of society's participation and waste-processing condition to the quality of water resource management is.

The purposes of the research are to identify and analyze (1) the society's participation and the condition of waste processing resulted from daily activities; (2) the influence of society's participation on water quality management; (3) the relations between waste processing condition and water quality; (4) the influence of society's participation and waste processing condition on water quality management, simultaneously. This analytical descriptive research, which uses survey method, was conducted in the riverside of Enim Lematang River, District of Muara Enim, Province of South Sumatra. There are 132 respondents living on the riverbanks taken as samples, which later analyzed by using correlation coefficient and regression.

The statistical data processing result shows that the coefficient of simultaneous effect of the society's participation (X1) and the condition of waste processing (X2) to the management of water resource quality (Y) is 0.733, which means relatively strong. While the simultaneous contribution of variable XI and X2to (Y) = R2 x 100% = 73.3% and the rest is decided by other variables_ Furthermore, the fluctuation of the management of water resource quality can be estimated through the regression equivalence of Y = 18.665 + 0.227 XI + 0.459X2. The effect coefficient of variable Xl to Y is 0.685 or 68.5% in percentage; later, the rest is determined by other variables. The effect coefficient of waste processing condition to water resource management is 0.566 or contribution as of 56.6% in percentage.

Those figures can be interpreted that there are considerable correlations between (1) the society's participation (XI) and water resource management (Y); (2) waste processing condition (X2) and water resource management (Y); (3) the society's participation (X1) together with waste processing condition (X2) and the water resource management (Y). In other words, those variables (Xiand X2) influence the water resource management, either solely or simultaneously. The research shows that the society's participation and waste processing condition should be paid attention to promote the water resource management. It can be done by encouraging the people's participation to be friendly-environment and creating the better condition of waste processing.

The findings of the research support the conclusion that the better transformation of society's participation promotes the success and effectiveness of the water resource management. It needs strategic and comprehensive efforts to create conditions, which favor the society to have desirable and friendly-environmental participations. Based on the above conclusion, this research recommends the local government to attempt to transform the people's participation to increase their knowledge and awareness of the importance of keeping the environmental sustainability. It surely leads to the benefits, which will promote the life quality of the society in general, and the next generation for the long term. To put it into practice, the local government should give special training and counseling to the society on how to process waste better. The measures are expected to change the people's participation to treat the environment better. In addition, the government should also provide the relevant facilities or infrastructures and real incentives to the society."

"Kondisi daya dukung lingkungan di sebelah utara Gunung Salak sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain adalah sumberdaya air. Sumberdaya air merupakan bagian dari sumberdaya alam yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor alami (curah hujan, jenis tanah, jenis batuan dan kemiringan lereng) dan faktor antropogenik (penggunaan lahan yang aktual)Penampalan dari berbagai faktor tersebut dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis dan perangkat lunak Arc View 3.2 dapat memberikan informasi tentang Kemampuan Alami Sumberdaya Air dan Kondisi Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Sumberdaya Air.Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan di kawasan sebelah utara Gunung Salak berdasarkan kamampuan alami sumber daya airnya dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tingkat sesuai dan sangat sesuai ± 28% (17,861, 978 ha) yang terletak di sebelah selatan kawasan penelitian, tingkat agak sesuai ± 55,28% (34.903,795 ha) sangat mendominasi, sedangkan kurang sesuai ± 16,424% (10.370,131 ha) dan tidak sesuai ± 5,769% (3.643 ha) terletak di utara kawasan penelitian.Hasil dari penampalan antara Peta Kemampuan Alami Sumberdaya Air dengan Peta Penggunaan Lahan dapat dihasilkan Peta Kondisi Daya Dukung Lingkungan Berdasarkan Kemampuan Sumberdaya Air.Berdasarkan kemampuan sumberdaya air, Daya Dukung Lingkungan di kawasan sebelah utara Gunung Salak dapat diklasifikasikan kedalam tingkat yang baik ± 31,212% (19,707,308 ha), normal ± 15,639% (9.874,869 ha), kurang baik ±16,694% (10.540,678 ha), tidak baik ± 28,929 % (18.265,868 ha) dan sangat tidak baik ±7,524% (4.750,803 ha), dari semua itu menunjukkan kondisi daya dukung lingkungan di kawasan penelitian masih baik, dimana 48,84% (29,582,177 ha) dari luas keseluruhan mempunyai tingkat kondisi yang baik dan normal serta penggunaan lahannya masih berupa hutan dan perkebunan.Arahan dalam penggunaan lahan di kawasan penelitian adalah dengan tetap mempertahankan kawasan dengan tingkat kondisi daya dukung lingkungan yang baik dan normal sebagai kawasan lindung sedangkan tingkatan lainnya dapat mengikuti RTRW yang ada.

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Environmental Carrying Capacity Condition Based On the Capability of Water Resource (Case study on North Mount Salak, Bogor, Jawa Barat)Environmental carrying capacity in North Mount Salak is dependent on many factors; one of those is the capability of water resource. Water resource is a part of nature resources that is influenced by natural factors (rain fall, soil type, rock type and slope land) and anthropogenic factors (actual land use). Result from overlay of many factors using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Arc View 3.2.software provided information on natural capability of water resource and environmental carrying capacity based on capability of water resource.The results of this research in terms of natural capability of water resource in Northern side of Mounth Salak are classified into suitable and very suitable approximate to 28% (17861.978 ha) which are dominant in the southern side of research area, rather suitable 55,28% (34903195 ha) very dominant, low suitable 16.424% (10370.131 ha) and not suitable 5.769% (3643 ha) in the northern side of research area. Overlay between maps of natural capability of water resource and land use produced map of environmental carrying capacity based on capability of water resource.Based on the capability of water resource, environmental carrying capacity on North Mount Salak areas are classified into 5 categories, i.e. good category 31.212% (19707.308 ha), normal 15.639% (9874.869 ha), less good 16.694% (10540.678 ha), not good 28.929% (18265.868 ha) and very poor 7.524% (4750.803%), all of those parameters indicate that environmental carrying capacity in research location mostly in good condition, where 48.84% (29582.177 ha) from all areas are in good and normal levels condition.The suggestions for land use in the research in term of its carrying capacity area are to maintain good and normal level as protected areas, while for good and normal levels can follow the existing RTRW."

"The rapid development in every field especially industry does not only give positive implication such as economic growth, work force absorption, foreign exchange reserve enhancement, and society revenue improvement, but also from when seen from aspect of living environment inevitable causes negative impacts, such as water resource pollution by industry liquid pollution. The existence of Ordinance No. 32 Year 2004 covers living environment controlling affairs as obligated affair of region city government, Based on that, Region/City Area Government has he authority to make policy in living environment field including industrial sector in order to develop industrial activities that orient to environment knowledge. The Cilegon city government has shown its commitment to living environment organization by issuing the policy in the living environment field, which is Region Regulation No. 2 year 2004 regarding Controlling of Environment Pollution and. Deterioration. This policy aims to maintain and keep environment quality according to its functions so harmonized and balanced environment can be concrete to support gradual development. This policy is expected to benefit the development of living environment preservation while keeping conducive condition to the development of economy. This policy gives authority to Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining to Cilegon city as the policy executor. According to Hogwood and Gunn (1985: 197), the success of policy implementation needs fulfillment of 9 conditions which are: adequate resources needed, harmonization in the resources, independent institution executor, similar vision and goal towards the policy to be implemented, good coordination and communication. Meanwhile, Weimer and Mining (1992: 325) said that three (3) factors become focus of success possibility of a policy, namely logics from that policy, there is good cooperation and coordination needed to support policy implementation; there is capable and committed executor on policy implementation. Using qualitative descriptive method, it is known that policy implementation of living environment organization by Department of Living Environment, Energy and Mining (DLEEM) of Cilegon city does not succeed well in organizing its environment. Based on observation conducted by DLEEM of Cilegon city throughout clean river program, the quality of Kedung Ingas and Cibeber rivers is not good enough. This is mainly caused by the pollution of industrial liquid pollution as proved by data resulted from industry observation, which is potential to liquid pollution since some industrial liquid pollution exceed the quality standard determined. The policy goal is not achieved because variable authority, human resources, budgeting, and medium and infrastructure as well as coordination. The authority is weak because the authority as regulated in region regulation is not clearly understood by related parties. There is conflict of interest because the policy implementation of living environment organization is across sector and disciplines- The insufficient authority is influential to compliance of responsible party as targeted group and execution apparatus from other institutions to obey it. Human resources especially the quality is not sufficient to implement controlling of water pollution from industrial activities. This comes from the picture of low knowledge/proactive ability in doing observation in controlling water pollution by the industry. Explicit ability is sufficient due to uniformity of science disciplines from DLEEM executor such as Technique of Environment, Biology, and Chemistry which when combined with social and management science. They will become power in controlling industrial liquid pollution into the water resources of Cilegon city. The budgeting support is not sufficient yet and thus becomes the weakness in controlling industrial liquid pollution into water resources. The support of good medium and infrastructure, either in the form of operational vehicle supply or laboratory equipment, are not sufficient to support the activity of living environment controlling especially liquid pollution by industry activity. Mechanism of living environment organization involves related institutions, coordination between institutions is needed but they are not concrete yet considering no standards of networks between sectors and the concept of bureaucracy attitudes towards networking is not developing yet. To increase the success of policy implementation of living environment, several efforts must be done, namely:a.To conduct good cooperation and coordination between related institutions by communicating effectively.b.To empower society to help observe industry pollution.c.To improve ability, executor needs motivation from the leader.d.To introduce and facilitate efforts for waste minimization throughout clean production program.e.Supporting budgeting, sufficient medium and infrastructure are needed in policy implementation in living environment field."