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"Operators, doing repetitive action tasks in a cycle, are very susceptible in s:&ring musculoskeletal disorder. Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder is a Pain in muscle and tendon skeletal which felt by people whether it is a .symptom or serious condition. When all the element and the method of the repetitive action tasks in work system fit with ergonomic standard musculoskeletal disorders will be reduced and all the task can be performed effectively and efficient. Detergent packaging line in PT X consist of 7 work stations do not have any ergonomic standard of work, proven by the packers suffered musculoskeletal disorder. Company would like to identify the root of problem and solve it by using the right method appropriate to the repetitive action job. OCRA (occupotional Repetitive Action) method might be appropriate for reducing risk of ergonomics and musculoskeletal disorder at this repetitive action task line. This method found by Occhipinti and Colombini is a quantitative method to identify and reducing risk at repetitive action task specifically for upper limb. From identifying the previous condition. OCRA indexes are resulted 3. 77 for right upper limb (risk) and 3.32 for left upper limb (Tow risk). Then, by reducing the technical action and eliminating the awkward postures, the OCRA indexes repeatedly count. The result is 0. 72 for both upper limbs."

"Telah dirancang prototype motor imagery dengan memanfaatkan perintah sinyal otak yang dihasilkan oleh Electroencephalography EEG . Sinyal EEG digunakan untuk memberikan informasi sinyal motorik. Bentuk unik dari sinyal EEG menggambarkan perintah untuk menggerakkan lengan. Pada kondisi lumpuh sekalipun, informasi motorik pada sinyal EEG masih akan ditemukan saat seseorang membayangkan menggerakkan lengannya. Dalam penelitian ini informasi motorik pada sinyal EEG digunakan sebagai umpan balik dengan menggabungkan 4 elektrode input F3, F4, FC5, FC6 . Akuisisi sinyal EEG menggunakan Emotiv EPOC portable. Probabilistic Neural Network PNN berfungsi sebagai pemrosesan sinyal. Fungsi ini digunakan untuk pengenalan sinyal motor imagery membayangkan gerakan lengan tangan . Karakteristik komputasi yang dilakukan oleh PNN secara parallel mampu mempersingkat waktu pemrosesan sinyal. Hasil pengolahan PNN adalah power maksimum sinyal mu, Power maksimum sinyal beta, frekuensi mu dan frekuensi beta. Kombinasi keempat fitur ini memberikan nilai akurasi yang cukup tinggi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa akurasi untuk training rata-rata adalah 85,49 - 91,32 sedangkan nilai untuk testing 82,6 - 87,6 . Alat terapi yang digunakan nBETTER Upper Limb Feedback. Alat terapi akan aktif, bila nilai testing sinyal EEG lebih besar dari 80 . Ke depan, prototype motor imagery ini dapat dikembangkan sebagai alat terapi pasien stroke yang mampu mengurangi ketergantungan pada seorang fisioterapis saat proses terapi.

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A modeling arms post stroke therapy used command brain signals generated by Electroencephalography EEG has been designed. EEG signals used to provide motorics information. The unique form of signal EEG describe commands to move the limbs. On condition paralyzed, motorics information on the EEG signals will still be found when someone tried to move his limbs. In this research, we aim used the motorics information on the EEG signals as neuro feedback with combine 4 input electrode F3, F4, FC5, FC6 . EEG signal acquisition using the Emotiv EPOC portable. Probabilistic Neural Network PNN function as signal processing. This function was applied to the recognition research of motor imagery EEG signals imagining arms movement . The parallel computing characteristic of PNN not only improved the generation ability for network, but also shorted the operation time. The result of PNN are maximum mu power, maximum beta power, mu frequency and beta frequency that provided value to calculate classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the accuracy for training on average is 85.49 91.32 while the value for testing is 82.6 87.6 . Therapy tool used nBETTER Upper Limb Feedback. The therapeutic tool will be active, when the value of the EEG signal testing is greater than 80 . In the future, this modeling post stroke therapy can be reduced dependency from physiotherapist."

"ABSTRACTPergerakan suatu anggota tubuh adalah hasil dari usaha kolektif yang dilakukan oleh otak, saraf, dan kegiatan otot. Jika salah satu faktor penentu diatas tidak dapat berfungsi, maka pergerakan tidak dapat dilakukan. Hal itu mungkin menjadi sesuatu yang alamiah bagi mereka yang sejak awal kehilangan fungsi tubuhnya, namun mereka yang kehilangan fungsi tersebut setelah pergerakan menjadi bagian mendasar dari keseharian hidup mereka merupakan hal yang berbeda. Pada skripsi ini akan dibahas penelitian untuk merancang bangun alat akuisisi data sinyal Electromyograph EMG dengan menggunakan elektroda surface Ag-AgCl serta analisis kinerjanya. Sinyal 2-channel surface electromyograph SEMG didapatkan dari bagian ekstremitas atas tubuh yaitu Flexor Carpi Radialis yang kemudian akan difilter dengan serangkaian rancangan biopotential amplifier dan band-pass filter sebelum diproses menggunakan mikrokontroler. Selanjutnya sinyal yang didapat akan digunakan untuk klasifikasi dan spesialisasi pola gerakan tangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa rangkaian filter yang dirancang telah menunjukan pola keluaran sinyal EMG dengan jelas. Karena karakteristik sinyal EMG yang berbeda pada setiap orang maka untuk melihat kinerja dari perangkat, pola yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan hasil jurnal yang sudah ada. Terlihat bahwa pola yang ditunjukan sudah sangat mirip dengan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya dengan fluktuasi sinyal yang sangat intens ketika kerja selain rileks dilakukan.

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ABSTRACTLimb movement is the result of a collective effort done by the brain, nerves, and muscle activity. If one of the above determinants does not work, the movement can not be performed. It may be natural for those who have lost their bodily functions from the very beginning, but those who lose their function after the movement becomes a fundamental part of their daily lives are different. In this research Electromyograph signal data acquisition EMG by using AgCl surface electrode will be designed. The 2 channel surface electromyograph SEMG signal is obtained from the upper extremity of the body, the Flexor Carpi Radialis which will then be filtered with a series of filter before being processed using a microcontroller. Furthermore, the signal obtained will be used for classification and specialization of hand movement patterns. The test results show that the designed filter circuit has shown EMG signal output pattern clearly. Due to the characteristics of different EMG signals in each person, to see the performance of the device, the resulting pattern is compared with the results pattern of an existing journal. It is seen that the pattern shown similarity to previous research with very intense signal fluctuations when muscle being contracted. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rehabilitasi berbasis Realitas Virtual Imersi Penuh pada pemulihan motorik anggota gerak atas pasien stroke iskemik kronik dengan hemiparesis. Penelitian ini merupakan studi serial kasus pada pasien stroke yang datang berobat ke Poliklinik Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan pengambilan data baseline berupa nilai Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) dan Chedoke Arm, Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), dan Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Pasien mendapat perlakuan reahabilitasi fisik selama 18 kali pertemuan, 3 kali seminggu, 30 menit per sesi selama 6 minggu. Pasca tindakan, dilakukan kembali pengambilan data FM-UE, CAHAI dan BDNF ulang untuk melihat fenomena pemulihan motorik atas. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 2 pria dan 3 wanita dengan rentang usia 45 – 59 tahun, 4 hemiparesis kiri dan 1 hemiparesis kanan, rentang Brunnstrom IV – VI. Setelah diberikan intervensi, terdapat peningkatan pada ketiga parameter FM-UE (median difference: 2, min – max: 1 – 19 MCID: 5,25), CAHAI (median difference: 2, min – max : 1-18, MCID: 6,3), dan BDNF (median difference: 16.68, min – max : 9,76 - 46,8). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah rehabilitasi berbasis realitas virtual imersi penuh menunjukan fenomena peningkatan positif yang menjanjikan pada pemulihan motorik anggota gerak atas pasien stroke iskemik kronik setelah 6 minggu intervensi.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Full Immersion Virtual Reality-based rehabilitation on upper limb motor recovery in chronic ischemic stroke patients with hemiparesis. This research is a case series study in stroke patients who come for treatment at the Medical Rehabilitation Polyclinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Patients were examined by taking baseline data in the form of Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) and Chedoke Arm, Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) values. Patients received physical rehabilitation treatment for 18 meetings, 3 times a week, 30 minutes per session for 6 weeks. After the action, FM-UE, CAHAI and BDNF data were collected again to see the phenomenon of upper motor recovery. The study subjects consisted of 2 men and 3 women with an age range of 45 – 59 years, 4 left hemiparesis and 1 right hemiparesis, Brunnstrom IV – VI range. After the intervention was given, there was an increase in all three parameters FM-UE (median difference: 2, min – max: 1 – 19, MCID: 5.25), CAHAI (median difference: 2, min – max: 1-18, MCID: 6 .3), and BDNF (median difference: 16.68, min – max: 9.76 - 46.8). The conclusion of this study is that full immersion virtual reality-based rehabilitation shows a promising positive improvement phenomenon in upper limb motor recovery in chronic ischemic stroke patients after 6 weeks of intervention."

"Tindakan operasi orthopaedi membutuhkan tarif yang tinggi karena dilakukandengan alat berteknologi tinggi, proses perawatan komplek dan seringkali menggunakanimplan berharga mahal. Terdapat variasi tarif rumah sakit pada operasi orthopaedi yangperlu diidentifikasi penyebabnya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui komponen tarif danmenganalisa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tarif operasi orthopaedi pasien JKNpada prosedur anggota tubuh atas, sendi tungkai bawah dan fusi tulang belakang padalengkungan tulang belakang di RSUP Fatmawati tahun 2017. Desain penelitian adalahcross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui menghitung tagihan danpendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkangambaran rata-rata tarif prosedur anggota tubuh atas Rp22.264.612 terdiri atas komponenbahan alat 51, jasa rumah sakit 14 dan jasa pelayanan 35, gambaran rata-rata tarifprosedur sendi tungkai bawah Rp61.700.637 yaitu bahan alat 75, jasa rumah sakit 10 dan jasa pelayanan 15, dan gambaran rata-rata tarif prosedur fusi tulang belakangRp79.501.208 yaitu bahan alat 63, jasa rumah sakit 11 dan jasa pelayanan 26 .Faktor penggunaan dan harga implan, tingkat keparahan, lama hari rawat, danpenggunaan ICU mempengaruhi tarif pada tiga prosedur, sedangkan faktor metode costplus pricing dan kelas perawatan tidak mempengaruhi tarif pada tiga prosedur. RSUP Fatmawati telah melakukan upaya untuk mengatasi variasi tarif pada komponen bahanalat, jasa rumah sakit dan jasa pelayanan. Rumah Sakit perlu melakukan perhitungan unitcost berkala, pembuatan unit cost pada tagihan yang belum memiliki unit cost,pemenuhan dan kepatuhan Clinical Pathway dan Panduan Praktik Klinis untuk tindakanoperasi khususnya yang memiliki lama hari rawat dan jumlah terbanyakKata kunci: variasi tarif operasi orthopaedi, prosedur anggota tubuh atas, prosedur senditungkai bawah, prosedur fusi tulang belakang pada lengkungan tulang belakang, implan.

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Orthopedic surgery requires high rates because it is done with high tech tools,complex maintenance process and often use expensive implans. There are variations inhospital rates on orthopedic surgery that need to be identified. The objectives of the studywere to determine the tariff components and to analyze factors related to the operatingtariffs of JKN patients on upper limb procedures, lower limb joints and spinal fusion inthe spinal arch at Fatmawati Hospital 2017. This study is cross sectional study designwith quantitative approach through counting the bill and qualitative approaches throughin depth interviews.The results of this study showed that the average tariff procedure ofthe limbs of Rp22,264,612 consisted of 51 of appliance component, 14 hospitalsservice and 35 service, the average cost of lower limb joint procedure Rp61,700,637, ,hospital services 10 and service 15 , and average picture tariff of spinal fusionprocedure Rp79.501.208 yaitu appliance 63 , hospital services 11 and service 26 .Factors of use and implanation rates, severity, length of stay, and use of ICUs affect tariffson three procedures, while cost plus pricing and treatment class methods do not affecttariffs on three procedures. RSUP Fatmawati has made efforts to overcome the variationof tariff on components of equipment, hospital services and services. Hospital need to calculate unit cost periodically, unit cost creation on bills that do not have unit cost,compliance and compliance Clinical Pathway and Clinical Practice Guidelines forsurgery, especially those with long days of service and the highest numberKey words tariif variations of orthopeadi surgery, upper limb procedures, lower limbjoint procedures, spine fusion procedures in the spinal cord, implans."

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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan efektivitas latihan Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) dengan modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) terhadap fungsi anggota gerak atas pada pasien stroke iskemik fase subakut. Desain penelitian ini adalah randomized controlled trial dengan subjek penelitian adalah pasien stroke iskemik fase subakut serangan pertama yang mengalami hemiparesis satu sisi. Total 18 subjek yang dibagi 9 subjek per kelompok latihan; GRASP-Group (GG) dan mCIMT-Group (CG). Latihan dilakukan di rumah selama 4 minggu. Fungsi anggota gerak atas dinilai menggunakan Fugl-Meyr Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) dan Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI). Analisa statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok setelah 2 minggu latihan (T1), perbaikan mean difference (MD) nilai FMA-UE GG= 3,67±1,94 dan CG= 3,11±1,54 (p= 0,510); perbaikan MD nilai CAHAI pada GG= 5,33±3,46 dan CG= 3,11±1,27 (p= 0,050). Setelah 4 minggu latihan (T2) antara kedua kelompok juga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna dengan perbaikan MD nilai FMA-UE pada GG= 8,67±4,47 dan CG= 8,56±2,07 (p= 0,489); perbaikan MD nilai CAHAI pada GG= 13,44±4,85 dan CG= 10,11±2,62 (p= 0,088). Disimpulkan bahwa latihan GRASP sama efektifnya dengan latihan mCIMT dalam meningkatkan fungsi anggota gerak atas.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) exercise with modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) on upper limb function in subacute ischemic stroke patients. This is randomized controlled trial with recruitment of subacute phase first attack ischemic stroke patients who had one-sided hemiparesis. A total of 18 subjects were divided into 9 subjects per exercise group; GRASP-Group (GG) and mCIMT-Group (CG). Exercise was done at home for 4 weeks. Upper limb function was assessed using the Fugl-Meyr Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI). Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between two groups after 2 weeks of training (T1), mean difference improvement (MD) FMA-UE GG=3,67±1,94 and CG=3,11±1,54 (P= 0,510) and MD improvement CAHAI on GG=5,33±3,46 and CG=3,11±1,27 (P= 0,050). After 4 weeks of training (T2) between the two groups there were also no significant differences with MD improvement FMA-UE on GG=8.67 ± 4.47 and CG=8.56 ± 2.07 (P= 0.489); MD improvement CAHAI score on GG=13.44 ± 4.85 and CG=10.11 ± 2.62 (P= 0.088). It was concluded that GRASP exercise was as effective as mCIMT exercise in improving upper limb function.

 

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"Penelitian ini membahas tentang keergonomisan sistem kerja yang ada di usaha tempe yang berlokasi di kota depok, penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis masing-masing stasiun kerja saat proses pembuatan tempe. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengamati proses kerja, wawancara dengan perajin dan memberikan kuesioner kepada perajin untuk mendapatkan data keluhan perajin yang berisiko terkena musculoskeletal disorders dan data postur tubuh perajin saat menjalankan pekerjaannya pada masing-masing stasiun kerja yang mana akan diperoleh nilai PEI masing-masing stasiun kerja dengan menggunakan analisis Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), Low Back Compression Analysis (LBA) yang tersedia di software jack. Hingga ditemukan stasiun kerja pemindahan kedelai dan stasiun kerja penirisan yang melewati batas aman PEI, setelah itu akan dilakukan perancangan berdasarkan kebutuhan dan tukar pendapat kepada perajin untuk membuat rancangan alat yaitu meja dan penyangga drum air dirancang guna memperbaiki keergonomisan di dua stasiun kerja yang mendapatkan nilai PEI terburuk.

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This research discusses the ergonomics of the work system in the tempe business located in the city of Depok. The research was conducted by analyzing each work station during the tempe making process. The analysis is carried out by observing the work process, interviewing workers and giving questionnaires to workers to obtain data on workers' complaints at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders and data on workers' body postures while carrying out work at each work station which will obtain the PEI value for each work station. by using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), Low Back Compression Analysis (LBA) that available in jack software. Until finally found a work station for transferring soybeans and a work station for draining which exceeded the PEI safe limit, after that a design will be carried out based on needs and opinion exchange with the craftsmen to make a tool design, namely a table and a water drum support designed to improve ergonomics at the two work stations that get the worst PEI value.

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"This book reports on the development of different control tools for Brain-machine interface-based assistance and rehabilitation. Brain activity is analyzed with the purpose of classify mental tasks and detecting movement intentions in patients with impaired motility. Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Event-Related Synchronization (ERS) are detected. Throughout this book, different control systems are presented and validated. This thesis, examined at the Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Spain, in 2016, received the award for best thesis in bioengineering from the Bioengineering group of the Spanish Committee of Automatic Control (CEA) in 2017."