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"New technologies, softwares, and techniques, such as volumetric imaging, enhancement quantification, and fusion imaging, are increasing the diagnostic capabilities of US. The injection of microbubble contrast agents allows better tissue characterization with definitive differentiation between solid and cystic lesions. Contrast-enhanced US improves the characterization of pancreatic tumors, assists in local and liver staging, and can offer savings in both time and money. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a promising new US method to test, without manual compression, the mechanical strain properties of deep tissues. Furthermore, the applications and indications for interventional, endoscopic, and intraoperative US have undergone significant improvement and refinement.This book provides a complete overview of all these technological developments and their impact on the assessment of pancreatic pathologies. Percutaneous, endoscopic, and intraoperative US of the pancreas are discussed in detail, with precise description of findings and with informative imaging (CT and MRI) and pathologic correlations."

"Helps you understand and remember key concepts 3,000 review questions with answers that include detailed explanations to reinforce learning. This title focuses on 3D sonography in obstetrics and gynecology, musculoskeletal ultrasound, and breast sonography."

"Latar Belakang: Ketika perawatan saluran akar gagal, perawatan ulang saluran akar nonbedah, sedapat mungkin, adalah pilihan klinis pertama. Material pengisi saluran akar sebelumnya harus dibuang untuk kemudian dilakukan desinfeksi dan pengisian ulang saluran akar. Terdapat berbagai teknik pembuangan material pengisi, termasuk metode heat carrier, instrumen manual, putar, ultrasonik dan pelarut, atau kombinasi. Penghilangan sepenuhnya material pengisi tidak dapat dilakukan dengan hampir sebagian besar material yang tersisa dari perawatan ulang adalah siler. Siler biokeramik berikatan secara kimiawi dengan membentuk hidroksiapatit dan berpenetrasi ke tubulus dentin untuk menciptakan ikatan mikromekanis. Hal ini membuat pembersihan siler biokeramik sulit dilakukan. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kebersihan saluran akar dengan berbagai metode pembuangan siler biokeramik menggunakan instrumen putar, kombinasi instrumen putarultrasonik, dan kombinasi instrumen putar-heat carrier pasca obturasi dengan teknik hidraulik dan WVC, yang dianalisis menggunakan Micro-CT. Metode: Empat puluh dua sampel gigi premolar rahang bawah pasca ekstraksi dengan akar lurus dan saluran akar tunggal yang diobturasi dengan siler biokeramik AH Plus® Bioceramic (Dentsply, USA) meggunakan dua teknik, hidraulik dan WVC. Pembuangan material pengisi menggunakan instrumen putar, kombinasi instrumen putar-ultrasonik, dan kombinasi instrumen putar-heat carrier. Pemindaian micro-CT setelah obturasi dan setelah pembuangan material dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak CTAn. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan persentase kebersihan saluran akar (p<0,05) yang bermakna antara metode instrumen putar, kombinasi instrumen putar-ultrasonik, dan kombinasi instrumen putar-heat carrier. Kesimpulan: Pembuangan siler biokeramik menggunakan kombinasi instrumen putar-ultrasonik lebih efektif dibandingkan metode instrumen putar dan metode kombinasi instrumen putar-heat carrier. Teknik obturasi tidak mempengaruhi kebersihan saluran akar.

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Background: When root canal treatment fails, non-surgical retreatment, if possible, is the first clinical choice. Previous root canal filling materials must be removed for subsequent disinfection and obturation of the root canal. There are various techniques for removing filling materials, including heat carrier methods, manual instruments, rotary, ultrasonic and solvent, or combinations thereof. Complete removal of filling materials cannot be achieved with almost all remaining materials from retreatment being sealer. Bioceramic sealers chemically bond by forming hydroxyapatite and penetrate into dentin tubules to create micromechanical bonds. This makes cleaning of bioceramic sealer difficult. Objective: To evaluate the cleanliness of root canal walls in retreatment with various methods of removing bioceramic sealer using rotary instruments, combination of rotary-ultrasonic instruments, and combination of rotary-heat carrier instruments postobturation with hydraulic and WVC techniques, analyzed using Micro-CT. Methods: Forty-two extracted mandibular premolar samples with straight roots and single root canals obturated with AH Plus® Bioceramic sealer (Dentsply, USA) using two techniques, hydraulic and WVC. Removal of filling material using rotary instruments, combination of rotary-ultrasonic instruments, and combination of rotary-heat carrier instruments. Micro-CT scanning after obturation and after removal of material and analyzed using CTAn software. Results: There is a significant difference (p<0.05) in the percentage of root canal cleanliness between the rotary instrument, the combination with ultrasonic, and the combination with heat carrier.Conclusion: Bioceramic sealer removal methods using a combination of rotary-ultrasonic instruments are more effective than rotary instrument methods and combination of rotary-heat carrier methods. The obturation technique does not affect the cleanliness of root canal."