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"The author in this article aims to elaborate in briefly concerning definitions and purposes of legal opinion for the scholars and academicians in Indonesia. In Indonesian legal counselors habits legal opinion is not familiar known, Legal opinion itself has known in legal business practices by local legal counselors whom involved in international business transaction and dealt with foreigner's legal counselors. They have preserved on legal opinion as initial requirements (a condition precedent on the contract binding later which must be prepared and issued by In Indonesian legal counselors. This tradition has followed business practices in United States that has broadened to most of countries and without American legal counselors involved."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas penyelenggaraan Sistem Pembayaran yang dilakukanmenggunakan emas digital atau e-gold dalam suatu transaksi elektronik yangsemakin berkembang menggantikan kedudukan uang sebagai alat tukar dalampelaksanaan suatu transaksi komersial elektronik. Peraturan perundang-undanganyang ada, khususnya Undang-Undang tentang Perbankan, Transfer Dana maupunPeraturan Bank Indonesia terkait Uang Elektronik serta Program Pencegahan danPemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang masih belum menyentuh SistemPembayaran Elektronik yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan e-gold sebagai alattukar dalam suatu transaksi komersial elektronik (e-commerce). Kesadaranmasyarakat mengenai Sistem Pembayaran Elektronik di Indonesia baru sebatasterbitnya instrument-instrumen pengganti uang berupa token yang baru dapatdigunakan setelah pengguna melakukan pengisian ulang dengan menggunakan uangdalam rangka penambahan nilai instrumen pembayaran elektronik untuk dapatdigunakan dalam suatu transaksi komersial elektronik. Pada kenyataan instrumentpembayaran elektronik tidak hanya berupa token, namun juga terdapat instrumentpembayaran yang memiliki sifat layaknya uang dalam simpanan yang digunakansebagaimana kegiatan perekonomian sehari-hari.

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AbstractThe focus of this study is the payment system related with electronic commerce,which conducted using electronic gold or e-gold as a medium of exchange replacingmoney in the event of commercial transaction. Current laws and regulations,specifically in regard with Bank, Credit Transfer neither Central Bank Regulationsconcerning Electronic Money and Money Laundering Prevention and EradicationProgram unable to cover Electronic Payment System which conducted with e-gold asmedium of exchange in a certain Electronic Payment System. Currently publicawareness regarding Electronic Payment System in Indonesia only limited to theissuance of electronic payment instruments mentioned as token system, which can beapplied in any electronic commerce if the user charging the instruments with a valueof money stored in a such specific token instruments. Nevertheless the currentelectronic payment is not only in the form of token system itself, instead there areinstruments which categorized as the replacement of money which can be stored insavings as known in conventional money in the daily people?s economic activities."

"Layanan Pembayaran melalui online payment gateway merupakan salah satu bentuk instrumen pembayaran yang dirancang untuk memperluas jangkauan metode pembayaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung transaksi komersial melalui sarana elektronik. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu mengkaji Peraturan Perundang-undangan, teori hukum dan yurisprudensi yang relevan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Data penelitian yang dipergunakan meliputi data sekunder dan tersier yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Spesifikasi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis dan metode analisis data dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Bank Indonesia selaku lembaga negara yang berwenang menerbitkan regulasi sektor keuangan makro masih terlambat untuk menerbitkan regulasi yang tepat terkait pelaksanaan layanan pembayaran melalui online payment gateway. Selain regulasi, perlindungan hukum juga menjadi salah satu aspek penting yang harus diperhatikan khususnya dalam rangka perlindungan konsumen. India sebagai salah satu negara berkembang seperti Indonesia telah lebih dahulu menerbitkan regulasi mengenai layanan pembayaran online payment gateway khususnya terkait pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan. Perbandingan regulasi dan perlindungan hukum layanan pembayaran online payment gateway di Indonesia dan India menunjukkan beberapa perbedaan dan persamaan yang akan menunjukkan tidak spesifiknya regulasi yang telah terbit di Indonesia.

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The darting development of payment instruments is one of the consequences of the need of a more efficient and reachable payment method. Online Payment Gateway Services is the prime example which supports electronic commerce in accordance with electronic payment methods. One of the negative aftermath particularly in developing countries are the late implementation and outdated legal cornerstone regarding the real-life execution of the said payment services. Bank Indonesia as the governing body which authority is to implement macro monetary regulations is still sluggish in producing the perfect regulations in accolade to online payment gateway services. As important as the regulations, protection of law is another aspect that the governing bodies need to address as it directly affect the stakeholders most importantly consumers. India as another developing country have excelled in terms of implementing regulations of online payment gateway services. The comparison between Indonesia and India’s regulations and protection of law will distinguish the differences and similarities between both countries and in conclusion will reveal the unspecificness of Indonesia’s current regulations."