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"ABSTRAKUp to present, plaque control is the most effective method to maintain oral hygiene. Using chewing gum after eating food and snacks can stimulate saliva, promote remineralization and reduce potential dental plaque. To know whether using chewing gum can reduce plaque index as good as toothbrushing, thus an experimental study was performed. Sample was the first grade of junior high school students. After selection according to the requirements, the sample size was 35 students. Each sample got two different treatments. In the first day, they used chewing gum and the next day they were instructed to brush their teeth. Before and after using chewing gum and toothbrushing their dental plaque was scored. The mean of plaque score before using chewing gum was 2.24 and after using chewing gum was 1.28, statistically there was a significant difference (t=33; df=34; p,0.001). The mean of plaque score before toothbrushing was 2.26 and after toothbrushing 1.10, statistically there was a significant difference. Using chewing gum and toothbrushing can reduce plaque score, though the reduction of plaque score by toothbrushing was greater compared with using chewing gum."

"Latarbelakang: Diperlukan program intervensi perubahan perilaku menyikat gigiyang berefek jangka panjang. Tujuan: membandingkan efektivitas metodeappreciative inquiry (AI) dengan dental health education (DHE) konvensionalterhadap pembentukan otomatisasi habit menyikat gigi. Metode: intervensikomunitas dilakukan dengan rancangan acak pada 164 anak usia 7-8 tahun di kota Madiun. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara kuesioner dan pemeriksaan intra oral. Hasil: Proporsi anak yang mengalami otomatisasi pada kelompok AI lebih besar (63,8%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok DHE (22,1%) dan berbeda secara signifikan (P = 0.000; OR= 11.9, 95% CI = 4.794-29.497). Kesimpulan: metode appreciative inquiry lebih efektif dalam mengubah perilaku menyikat gigi dibandingkan DHE konvensional.

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Background: Intervention program to achieve toothbrushing behavioural change with long-term effect still rarely implemented.

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of appreciative inquiry (AI) againts conventional health education approach for forming automaticity toothbrushing habit.

Methods: Randomized-Community Trial on 164 children age 7-8 years in Madiun City, data collection by interview and intraoral examination.

Results: automaticity proportion was significantly higher in the AI group (63,8%) as compared to conventional group (22,1%) (P = 0.000; OR= 11.9, 95% CI = 4.794-29.497).

Conclusion: appreciative inquiry was more effective than conventional health education approach for toothbrushing behavior change."

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ABSTRAK

Kualitas sumber daya manusia di suatu negara dapat dilihat dari derajat kesehatan masyarakatnya. Hal ini meliputi kesehatan tubuh secara menyeluruh ataupun kesehatan gigi dan mulut secara khusus. Kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia tergolong masih sangat rendah. Masalah terbesar yang dihadapi penduduk Indonesia seperti juga di negara-negara berkembang lainnya dibidang kesehatan gigi dan mulut  adalah karies gigi.Salah satu tujuan oral health2020 yang telah disepakati World Health Organization (WHO), Federation Dentaire Internationale(FDI) dan International Association for Dental Research(IADR) untuk penyakit gigi di Indonesia adalah mengurangi komponendecaypada usia 12 tahun. Namun, pada survey nasional Riskesdas tahun 2007 sampai dengan tahun 2018 jumlah penderita karies terus mengalami peningkatan, oleh karena itu pada penelitian kali ini difokuskan untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi kariogenik dan menyikat gigi terhadap pengalaman karies gigi tetap pada kelompok usia 12 tahun karena pada usia ini hampir seluruh gigi tetap telah erupsi, kecuali gigi geraham dua dan tiga. Metode:Penelitian cross-sectional pada 540 anak berusia 12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan klinis dan wawancara yang didapatkan dari data Riskesdas 2018. Hasil: Prevalensi karies gigi untuk anak usia 12 tahun adalah 65,1%. Karies memiliki perbedaan bermakna yang siginfikan (p<0,05) dengan self reported of oral health, sosial ekonomi, dan domisili. Namun, tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna secara signifikan (p>0,05) dengan konsumsi makanan kariogenik dan menyikat gigi. Kesimpulan:tidak ada hubungan antara anak yang memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan kariogenik dan memiliki frekuensi menyikat gigi yang baik dengan jumlah karies gigi.

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ABSTRACT

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The quality of human resources in a country can be assessed from the degree of public health includes bodily health in general as well as oral health specifically. Awareness of the importance of maintaining oral health in developing countries, including Indonesia, is still very low. The biggest oral health problem in Indonesia as well as in other developing countries is dental caries. One of the 2020 oral health goals that has been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Federation of Dentaire Internationale (FDI) and the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) for dental disease in Indonesia is to reduce the tooth decay component of 12 year-old children. However, based on the Riskesdas data from 2007 to 2018, the number of caries experiences continued to increase, therefore this study aims to determinethe relationship between cariogenic consumption and tooth brushing behavior on dental caries experience in the 12-year age group because at this age almost all permanent teeth had erupted, except for two and three molars. Methods:A cross-sectional study of 540 children aged 12 years old through clinical examinations and interviews using Riskesdas 2018 data. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in children aged 12 years was 65.1%. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between dental caries and self reported of oral health, socioeconomic, and domicile, but there was no significant difference (p>0,05) between dental caries and cariogenic food consumption and tooth brushing. Conclusion:there is no correlation between children who have the habit of consuming cariogenic food and have a good frequency of tooth brushing with the number of dental caries.

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"Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013 lebih dari seperempat penduduk Indonesia (25,9%) mempunyai masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan karies gigi sebagai masalah yang memiliki prevalensi tertinggi di angka 53,2%. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah plak gigi, yang dapat dihilangkan dengan perilaku menyikat gigi. Waktu menyikat gigi yang selama ini dianjurkan adalah setelah sarapan dan sebelum tidur. Namun, ditemukan kerugian dan ketidak efektifan dari waktu menyikat gigi tersebut, sehingga dibutuhkan waktu menyikat gigi lain yang dapat menghilangkan plak secara efektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan terhadap derajat keasaman (pH) plak gigi sebagai faktor risiko karies. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Before-After Randomized Crossover Trial. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 mahasiswa/i FKG UI dengan rentang umur 19-22 tahun yang dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan pH plak pada perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan. Perlakuan dilakukan sekali seminggu selama 2 minggu, dengan empat kali pengambilan data setiap perlakuannya, yaitu T0 (sebelum dilakukan perlakuan apapun/baseline), T1 (setelah makan/ setelah sikat gigi sebelum makan), T2 (setelah makan/ setelah sikat gigi setelah makan), dan T3 (setelah 6 jam). Subjek diambil sampel derajat keasaman (pH) plaknya menggunakan digital pH meter Horiba LAQUAtwin. Sample plak diambil di gigi 11-21 dengan menggunakan sample sheet sekali pakai. Hasil: Kedua kelompok sama-sama mengalami penurunan rata-rata pH plak setelah makan dan setelah enam jam paska perlakuan terakhir, serta mengalami kenaikan rata-rata pH plak setelah sikat gigi. Pada kelompok perilaku menyikat gigi sebelum makan rata-rata pH plak pada awal pemeriksaan adalah 7,32 dan turun menjadi 7,27 setelah 6 jam. Sedangkan pada kelompok perilaku menyikat gigi setelah makan rata-rata pH plak pada awal pemeriksaan yaitu 7,49 turun menjadi 7,41 setelah 6 jam. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan terhadap pH plak.

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Background: According to the 2013 Basic Health Research, more than a quarter of Indonesia's population (25.9%) have dental and oral health problems, of which the highest prevalence is held by dental caries at the rate of 53,2%. One of the causes of caries is dental plaque which can be removed by tooth brushing. Most recommended time for tooth brushing is twice a day, after breakfast and before going to bed. However, the ineffectiveness of those brushing time is found. Therefore, the effective time to tooth brushing is needed. Objective: To determine the effect of before-eating tooth and after-eating tooth brushing on the hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) of dental plaque as caries risk factor. Methods: This study used the Before-After Randomized Crossover Trial approach. The research subjects were 20 FKG UI students with an age range of 19-22 years selected through a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted by comparing the pH of plaque to the treatment of tooth brushing before and after eating. The treatment is done once a week for 2 weeks, with four times data collections, there are T0 (before any treatment / baseline), T1 (after eating / after brushing before eating), T2 (after eating / after brushing after eating) , and T3 (after 6 hours). The subjects would be sampled the acidity degree (pH) of dental plaque using a digital pH meter called Horiba LAQUAtwin. Plaque samples were taken in teeth 11-21 using a disposable sheet sample. Results: Both groups experienced a decrease in the average pH of plaque after meals and after six hours, and experienced an increase in the average pH of plaque after brushing. In the group tooth brushing before eating the average pH of dental plaque at the beginning of the examination, which was 7.32, dropped to 7.27 after 6 hours. While in the group of brushing behavior after eating the average pH of plaque at the beginning of the examination, which was 7.49, dropped to 7.41 after 6 hours. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the treatment of tooth brushing before and after eating to the pH of plaque."

"Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang terbanyak di Indonesia dan dapat dicegah dengan cara menjaga kebersihan mulut salah satunya menyikat gigi yang dapat menurunkan bakteri Streptococcus mutan. Bakteri ini akan membentuk plak dan menghasilkan asam yang dapat menyebabkan demineralisasi jaringan keras gigi. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kuantitas bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak gigi antara menyikat gigi sebelum dan sesudah makan terhadap subjek yang berumur 19-22 tahun. Metode: Desain pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode crossover. Pengambilan data dilakukan terhadap 20 orang subjek, yang mana dibagi secara random alokasi menjadi dua kelompok yang masing-masing akan dilakukan perlakuan menyikat gigi sebelum dan setelah makan dengan waktu washout selama seminggu. Hasil: Analisis statistik mengunakan metode uji mann-whitney diperoleh p-value 0,598 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kuantitas bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak gigi yang signifikan antara menyikat gigi sebelum dan sesudah makan. Akan tetapi kuantitas bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak gigi dengan menyikat gigi sebelum makan yaitu 193.333 CFU/ml lebih besar di bandingkan bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak gigi dengan menyikat gigi setelah makan sebanyak 180.000 CFU/ml. Kesimpulan: Kuantitas bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak gigi dengan perlakuan menyikat gigi setelah makan lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan menyikat gigi sebelum makan. Akan tetapi dari analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kuantitas bakteri Streptococcus mutan pada plak yang signifikan antara menyikat gigi sebelum dan sesudah makan.

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Background: Dental caries is the most dental and oral disease in Indonesia and can be prevented by maintaining oral hygiene, one way is by toothbrushing which can reduce the bacteria Streptococcus mutan. These bacteria will become dental plaque and produce acid which can causes demineralization of hard tissue.

Objective: To determine the different in the numbers of bacteria Streptococcus mutan in dental plaques between toothbrushing before and after eating in 19-22 years.

Method: The design of this study using the crossover. Data retrieval was carried out on 20 subjects, which were randomized allocation in two groups with washout time for a week.

Results: Analysis statistic using the mann-whitney test obtained p-value 0.598 that there was no significant difference between brushing teeth before and after eating. However, the number of bacteria Streptococcus mutan on dental by toothbushing before eating is 193,333 CFU/ml bigger than the number of bacteria Streptococcus mutan on dental plaque by toothbushing after eating is 180,000 CFU/ml.

Conclusion: The number of bacteria Streptococcus mutan on dental plaque by toothbrushing after eating was less than the group brushing before eating. However, the results from analysis statistic showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the numbers of bacteria Streptococcus mutan brushing teeth before and after eating."