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"Daun handeuleum merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai obat wasir.dalarn bentuk infus atau rebusan. Dalam upaya mengembangkan bentuk sethaan farmasi, maka dibuat sediaan dalam bentuk ekstrak etanol. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pada penggunaan yang terus-menerus, maka dilakukan uji keamanan terhadap aktivitas GPT dan GOT plasma serta jaringan hati. Pada penelitian ml digunakan 80 ekor tikus putih jantan yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun handeuleum dosis 1,08 g/Kg bb, kelompok II adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol handeuleum dosis 0,36 g/Kg bb, kelompok Ill adalah kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun handeuleum 0,12 g/Kg bb, kelompok IV adalah kelompok kontrol yang diberi aquadest. Ketiga kelompok uji tersebut mendapatkan ekstrak etanol yang diberikan setiap hari secara oral selama 90 han. Pada han ke-31 clan han ke-91 tikus dibedah clan diambil darah serta hatinya, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas GPT clan GOT plasma clan pengukuran derajat kerusakan lobulus janingan hati. Hasil pengukuran akUvitas GPT clan GOT plasma menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara ke!ompok normal dengan kelompok I, II, clan Ill setelah dibeni ekstrak selama 30 hari sedangkan pada pemberian selama 90 han ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok normal dengan kelompok I. HasH pemeniksaan histologi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun handeuleum dosis 0,36 clan 0,12 g per Kg bb selama 30 clan 90 hari tidak menyebahkan kerusakan janingan hati, sedangkan penggunaan dosis 1,08 g/Kg b.b dalam jangka waktu lebih lama diduga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan hati yang serius.

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Handeuleum leaves (Graptophylium pictum (L.) Grim have been used by Indonesian people to cure several kinds of diseases such as haemorrhoid. The usage is by boiling it in water (infusion). Ethanol extract as a dosage form is created to provide the pharmaceutical dosage form. To know the effect of continuous feeding of handeuleum extract, a safety test is conducted toward the activities of plasma GPT and GOT and also the liver tissues. Eighty male white rats used in the study were divided into four groups. The first group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as mush as 1,08 g/Kg body weight. The second group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as much as 0,36 g/Kg body weight. The third group was given with the ethanol extract of handeuleum leaves as much as 0,12 g/ Kg body weight and the fourth group was a control group received water only. Those first three groups were given with the ethanol extract orally every day for ninety days. At the 31st and 9 1st day, the rats were operated. The blood and the liver were taken from the rat bodies, then the activities of the plasma GPT and GOT and the degree of liver damage were measured. The measurement of plasma GPT and GOT shows that there is no significant difference between the normal group and group I, II and Ill which were given with the extract after 30 days, but there is significant difference between the normal group and group I which were given with extract after 90 days. The histology examination shows that the usage of handeuleum leaves ethanol extract in 0,36 g and 0,12 g/ Kg body weight dosage after 30 and 90 days do not cause the liver tissues damage, but the usage in 1,08 g/Kg body weight dosage for a longer period may cause the serious liver tissues damage."

"This book is designed to provide a comprehensive insight into current perspectives and challenges in adipose tissue biology. In Adipose tissue biology, scientists and clinicians discuss adipocyte precursors, differentiation and growth, brown and white adipose tissue, gender, inflammation, dietary and genetic determinants of fat mass, together with evolutionary and developmental aspects of adiposity."

"This volume focuses on the biomechanical modeling of deformable soft tissues in the context of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). Discussion includes biomechanical models, estimation of in vivo mechanical behavior, real-time numerical simulations and more. "

"Trauma oklusi adalah kerusakan jaringan periodonsium akibat tekanan oklusal yang melebihi kapasitas adaptasi jaringan periodonsium, tekanan oklusal yang menyebabkan kerusakan tersebut disebut oklusi traumatik. Oklusi traumatik banyak dijumpai di klinik Periodonsia FKG UI, tetapi prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakannya belum pernah diteliti.Tujuan : mengetahui prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik pada gigi-gigi molar.Metode : data diambil dari kartu status pasien peserta PPDGS Periodonsia di RSGMP FKG UI periode 2005-2006. Dianalisa prevalensi, penyebab serta pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik.Hasil : dari 207 pasien yang diperiksa, didapatkan 98 pasien (47%) atau 392 elemen gigi yang mengalami oklusi traumatik, dari jumlah tersebut 123 gigi (31.4%) adalah oklusi traumatik pada gigi molar. Penyebab oklusi traumatik yang ditemukan yaitu hambatan oklusal pada waktu sentrik oklusi (kontak prematur) sebesar (14.6%), hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) sebanyak (54.4%), bruxisme sebesar (3.2%), perbandingan mahkota akar tidak seimbang (PMATS) sebesar (5.6%), bentuk mahkota lebar sebesar (4.8%), kombinasi blocking dan kontak prematur sebesar (13%), kombinasi blocking dan PMATS sebesar (1.6%), kombinasi blocking dan cross bite sebesar (0.8%). Pola kerusakan yang terjadi yaitu resesi gingiva (1 mm-8 mm), kedalaman poket (1 mm?12 mm), kehilangan perlekatan epitel gingiva (1 mm?16 mm), kerusakan tulang alveolar (1/3 servikal-1/3 apikal), dan kegoyangan gigi (kegoyangan derajat 1-kegoyangan derajat 3).Kesimpulan : prevalensi penyakit periodontal akibat oklusi traumatik pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Pada gigi molar, penyebab yang paling banyak adalah hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) dan kerusakan yang terjadi bervariasi dari ringan hingga berat.

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The result of the injury of periodontium tissue? when the occlusal force is above the tissue adaptive capacity is called trauma from occlusion. The occlusal force that caused the injury called traumatic occlusion. Many traumatic occlusion cases are found in Periodontia Clinic FKG UI, but the prevalence, etiology and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion have never been observed yet.Objective : to observe the prevalence, etiology and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion in molar teeth.Method : the data is taken from the patients medical records of the periodontist resident at RSGMP FKG UI on period of year 2005-2006. Prevalence, etiology, and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion in molar teeth was analyzed.Result : A total of 207patients, there are 98 patients (47%) or 392 elements teeth with traumatic occlusion, which 123 elements are anterior teeth. The etiology of traumatic occlusion that found are premature contact (14.6%), blocking (54.4%), bruxisme (3.2%), imbalance of crown and root proportion (5.6%), imbalance crown proportion (4.8%), combination of blocking and premature contact (13%), combination of blocking and imbalance of crown and root proportion (1.6%), combination of blocking and cross bite (0.8%).The pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion such as the increase of gingival recession (1 mm-8 mm), pocket depth (1 mm?12 mm), loss of attachment (1 mm?16 mm), alveolar bone damage (1/3 cervikal-1/3 apical), and tooth mobility (1 degree-3 degree).Conclusion : based on this research, the prevalence of periodontal disease caused by traumatic occlusion is high. In anterior teeth, the most common etiology is blocking and the pattern of the damages are vary from mild to severe."

"Trauma oklusi adalah kerusakan jaringan periodonsium akibat tekanan oklusal yang melebihi kapasitas adaptasi jaringan periodonsium, tekanan oklusal yang menyebabkan kerusakan tersebut disebut oklusi traumatik. Oklusi traumatik banyak dijumpai di klinik Periodonsia FKG UI, tetapi prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakannya belum pernah diteliti.Tujuan : mengetahui prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik pada gigi-gigi anterior.Metode : data diambil dari kartu status pasien peserta PPDGS Periodonsia di RSGMP FKG UI periode 2005-2006. Dianalisa prevalensi, penyebab serta pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik.Hasil : dari 207 pasien yang diperiksa, didapatkan 98 pasien (47%) atau 392 elemen gigi yang mengalami oklusi traumatik, dari jumlah tersebut 202 gigi (51.5%) adalah oklusi traumatik pada gigi anterior. Penyebab oklusi traumatik yang ditemukan yaitu hambatan oklusal pada waktu sentrik oklusi (kontak prematur) (5.9%), hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) (77.2%), palatal bite (2.5%), cross bite (0.9%), kombinasi blocking dan kontak prematur (3.9%), kombinasi blocking dan malposisi (0.5%), kombinasi blocking dan palatal bite (2.5%), kombinasi blocking, palatal bite dan crowding (0.9%), kombinasi blocking, kontak prematur dan palatal bite (0.9%), kombinasi blocking dan cross bite (0.5%), kombinasi kontak prematur dan cross bite (0.5%). Pola kerusakan yang terjadi yaitu resesi gingiva (1 mm-8 mm), kedalaman poket (1 mm-13 mm), kehilangan perlekatan epitel gingiva (1 mm-15 mm), kerusakan tulang alveolar (1/3 servikal-1/3 apikal), dan kegoyangan gigi (kegoyangan derajat 1-kegoyangan derajat 3).Kesimpulan : prevalensi penyakit periodontal akibat oklusi traumatik pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Pada gigi anterior, penyebab yang paling banyak adalah hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) dan kerusakan yang terjadi bervariasi dari ringan hingga berat.

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The result of the injury of periodontium tissue when the occlusal force is above the tissue adaptive capacity is called trauma from occlusion. The occlusal force that caused the injury called traumatic occlusion. Many traumatic occlusion cases are found in Periodontia Clinic FKG UI, but the prevalence, etiology and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion have never been observed yet.Objective : to observe the prevalence, etiology and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion in anterior teeth.Method : the data is taken from the patients medical records of the periodontist resident at RSGMP FKG UI on period of year 2005-2006. Prevalence, etiology, and the pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion in anterior teeth was analyzed.Result : A total of 207 patients, there are 98 patients (47%) or 392 elements teeth with traumatic occlusion, which 202 elements are anterior teeth. The etiology of traumatic occlusion that found are blocking (77.2%), palatal bite (2.5%), cross bite (0.9%), combination of blocking and premature contact (3.9%), combination of blocking and malposition (0.5%), combination of blocking and palatal bite (2.5%), combination of blocking, palatal bite and crowding (0.9%), combination of blocking, premature contact and palatal bite (0.9%), combination of blocking and cross bite (0.5%), combination of premature contact and cross bite (0.5%). The pattern of the damages on the periodontal tissue that caused by traumatic occlusion such as the increase of gingival recession (1 mm-8 mm), pocket depth (1 mm-13 mm), loss of attachment (1 mm-15 mm), alveolar bone damage (1/3 cervikal-1/3 apical), and tooth mobility (1 degree-3 degree).Conclusion : based on this research, the prevalence of periodontal disease caused by traumatic occlusion is high. In anterior teeth, the most common etiology is blocking and the pattern of the damages are vary from mild to severe."

"Trauma oklusi adalah kerusakan jaringan periodonsium akibat tekanan oklusal yang melebihi kapasitas adaptasi jaringan periodonsium, tekanan oklusal yang menyebabkan kerusakan tersebut disebut oklusi traumatik. Oklusi traumatik banyak dijumpai di klinik Periodonsia FKG UI, tetapi prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakannya belum pernah diteliti.Tujuan : mengetahui prevalensi, penyebab dan pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik pada gigi-gigi premolar.Metode : data diambil dari kartu status pasien peserta PPDGS Periodonsia di RSGMP FKG UI periode 2005-2006. Dianalisa prevalensi, penyebab serta pola kerusakan akibat oklusi traumatik.Hasil : dari 207 pasien yang diperiksa, didapatkan 98 pasien (47%) atau 392 elemen gigi yang mengalami oklusi traumatik, dari jumlah tersebut 67 gigi (17.1%) adalah oklusi traumatik pada gigi premolar. Penyebab oklusi traumatik yang ditemukan yaitu hambatan oklusal ketika sentrik oklusi (kontak prematur) (16%), hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) (70%), bruksism (5%), kombinasi blocking, perbandingan mahkota akar tidak seimbang (PMATS) dan cross bite 2%. Pola kerusakan yang terjadi yaitu resesi gingiva (1 mm-9 mm), kedalaman poket (1 mm?12 mm), kehilangan perlekatan epitel gingiva (1 mm?16 mm), kerusakan tulang alveolar (1/3 servikal-1/3 apikal), dan kegoyangan gigi (kegoyangan derajat 1-kegoyangan derajat 3).Kesimpulan : prevalensi penyakit periodontal akibat oklusi traumatik pada penelitian ini cukup tinggi. Pada gigi premolar, penyebab yang paling banyak adalah hambatan oklusal pada gerak artikulasi (blocking) dan kerusakan yang terjadi bervariasi dari ringan hingga berat."

"ABSTRAKTingginya tingkat ketergantungan lansia disebabkan karena semakin meningkatnya usia baik jantung maupun pembuluh darah mengalami perubahan struktural dan fisiologis, perubahan tersebut terjadi lambat dan terus menerus tanpa disadari sehingga berisiko mengalami gangguan perfusi jaringan perifer. Penulis melakukan intervensi keperawatan dikombinasikan dengan tindakan komplementer refleksologi kaki pada lansia sebanyak 20 kali selama 25 - 40 menit. Bertujuan sebagai teknik relaksasi dengan meningkatan aliran darah dan nutrisi kaya oksigen ke sel, menurunkan angka kesakitan akibat iskemia jaringan distal yang bila memburuk dapat berakibat terjadinya ganggren semakin memberat berisiko amputasi. Sehingga meningkatnya angka disability dan mortality lansia yang kemudian menurunkan kualitas hidup lansia sebelum akhir hayatnya.

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ABSTRACTThe high level of elderly dependence is due to the increasing age of both the heart and blood vessels undergoing structural and physiological changes, such changes occur slowly and continuously unnoticed thereby at risk of peripheral tissue perfusion disorders. The authors performed nursing interventions combined with complementary reflexology measures of the foot on the elderly as much as 20 times for 25 40 minutes. Aimed as a relaxation technique with increased blood flow and oxygen rich nutrients to cells, decreasing morbidity due to distal tissue ischemia which, when worsened, can result in gangrene becoming more and more potent at risk of amputation. So the increasing rate of disability and mortality elderly which then degrade the quality of life of the elderly before the end of their life. "

"This book presents the latest findings in the field of investigation of molecular mechanisms of mechanical stretch and the role of cytokines in response of different tissues to it. On the one hand this volume demonstrates how mechanical stretch enhances cytokines production. It describes how cytokines influence tissues and cells on a background of a mechanical stretching. It provides a description of how cells in different tissues are activated by stretch and cytokines via various signaling pathways, and how they change their gene expression. The book is a unique collection of reviews outlining current knowledge and future developments in this rapidly growing field. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms which underlie it on molecular, cellular and tissue, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes, which arise due to alterations of their environment."