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"The studies on human capital and technological progress have given incredible insights on how countries in the world differ from one another. Yet there are more than those two reasons to account for differences among countries. There is a third reason why a country would differ in terms of its economic development progress, namely institutional factors. Hence developing institutional indices would give a deeper explanation than a mere theory. On the other hand, we can corroborate the institutional index with the general theory that low-quality institutions will impact an economy negatively. This study seeks to broaden the understanding of causes of economic growth by incorporating institutional index into a semi-endogenous growth model and finds a relationship between that index with human capital and technological progress."

"Model pertumbuhan semi-endogen menekankan akumulasi modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi adalah sumber-sumber pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada saat sebagian besar negara di dunia berjuang untuk mengakumulasi modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi yang cukup, negara-negara maju diberkahi dengan kemampuan istimewa dalam penelitian dan pengembangan. Jika demikian, maka yang ekstrem, negara-negara yang kekurangan modal manusia dan kemajuan teknologi akan terhenti dalam hal kemajuan ekonomi mereka.Kemajuan dalam penelitian mengenai dampak dari modal manusia sumber daya manusia dan kemajuan teknologi terhadap perekonomian telah memberikan wawasan yang luar biasa tentang bagaimana negara-negara di dunia berbeda satu sama lain. Namun ada lebih dari dua alasan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan antar negara. Acemoglu dkk. 2005 berpendapat bahwa institusi adalah yang paling kompleks namun merupakan satu-satunya penyebab wajar pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dengan demikian kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan indeks institusi akan memberikan penjelasan yang lebih dalam daripada sekedar kajian teori. Di sisi lain, kita dapat menguatkan indeks institusi dengan teori umum bahwa institusi berkualitas rendah akan berdampak pada ekonomi secara negatif.Penelitian ini akan memodifikasi model Jones 2002 dengan memasukkan karakteristik yang membedakan negara-negara di dunia. Upaya semacam itu diarahkan untuk memberi model pertumbuhan semi-endogen yang lebih umum agar dapat diterapkan ke semua negara di dunia.Studi ini bertujuan untuk memperluas pemahaman tentang penyebab pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan memasukkan indeks institusi dan menemukan bagaimana indeks tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi.

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The semi-endogenous growth model emphasizes the accumulation of human capital and technological progress in driving economic growth. Human capital and technological progress are sources of economic growth in this model. While majority of countries in the world are still struggling to accumulate sufficient human capital and technological progress, most developed countries are endowed with the privilege of research and development. If so, then to the extreme, countries that lack human capital and technological progress will stop in terms of their economic progress.Progress in research on the impact of human capital and technology progress on the economy has provided remarkable insight into how countries in the world differ from one another. But there are more than those two reasons to explain differences between countries. Acemoglu et al. 2005 argue that institutions are the most complex but are the only natural cause of economic growth. Thus the need to developing an institutional index will provide a deeper explanation than just a theoretical study. On the other hand, we can strengthen the institutional index with the general theory that low quality institutions will negatively impact the economy.This study will modify the Jones 2002 model by incorporating characteristics that distinguish countries in the world. Such efforts are directed to provide a more general semi-endogenous growth model so that it can be applied to all countries in the world.This study aims to broaden the understanding of the causes of economic growth by including an index of institutions and finding out how the index can affect economic growth."

"Semi-endogenous growth model emphasises human capital accumulation and technological advances in supporting economic growth. While most countries in the world lack the ability to accumulate their human capital and advance in technology, the privilege of research and development lies on part of developed nations. The increase in the stock of knowledge can come from different interactions with other countries in the world. But the crucial point to make is what underlies these differences among nations in the world. This study modifies Jones model by embedding characteristics that different countries in the world. Such an attempt is directed to produce a more general model of semi-endogenous growth to be applicable to all countries in the world. The end result of this study is to present a more general model that will be easily applicable to different countries in the world."

"Kemajuan Teknologi yang sangat cepat saat ini telah merubah sifat dan bentuk pekerjaan, yang selanjutnya dapat memberikan dampak positif dan negatif yang lebih banyak lagi. Oleh karena itu pekerja dituntut dapat mengikuti perkembangan yang ada, dengan selalu menambah wawasan pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaannya, termasuk pengetahuan terhadap perlindungan dirinya dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan pekerja PT. X terhadap alat pelindung diri berdasarkan karakteristik responden antara lain; umur, lama bekerja, pendidikan terakhir, jenis pekerjaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan variabel pengetahuan tentang bahaya dan risiko di tempat kerja, pengetahuan tentang manfaat alat pelindung diri, pengetahuan tentang penggunaan alat pelindung diri, pengetahuan alat pelindung diri yang sesuai dengan Standard Operating Procedure yang ada, fasilitas yang disediakan perusahaan terhadap penggunaan alat pelindung diri, pengetahuan tentang pengawasan penggunaan alat pelindung diri. Disain penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus yang menghasilkan hasil akhir metode penelitian ini berupa deskriptif detail, yang didapatkan dari sembilan informan dari 20 orang jumlah pupulasi yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa beberapa informan yang merupakan pekerja dari PT.X mengetahui alat pelindung diri.

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Technology advances very quickly when it has changed the nature and forms of employment, which in turn can provide positive and negative impacts are even more. Therefore, workers are required to follow the changes, to always broaden the knowledge associated with his work, including knowledge of the protection of himself in doing his job.

This study aims to know the description of the knowledge workers of PT. X to the personal protective equipment based on the characteristics of the informants, among others, age, length ofwork, the last education, type of work. This research was conducted with variable knowledge of the hazards and risks in the workplace, knowledge about the benefits of personal protective equipment, knowledge about the use of personal protective equipment, knowledge of personal protective equipment appropriate to the existing Standard Operating Procedure, the facilities provided by the company against the use of personal protective equipment, knowledge about the supervision of the use of personal protective equipment.

The design of this study used qualitative case study design that produces the final result of this research method in the form of descriptive detail, obtained from nine informants from 20 people population existing number. Based on the results obtained the conclusion that some informants are workers of personal protective equipment PT. X know."