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"Latief AS, Syarief R, Pramudya B, Muhadiono. 2010. Productivity of sugarcane plants of ratooning with various fertilizing treatments. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 43-47. This research aims to determine the sugarcane plants of ratooning productivity with low external input of fertilization treatment towards farmers can increase profits. The method used is the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with four treatments and three repetitions (4x3). Sugarcane varieties R 579 planted in each patch experiment 5x5 m2. Dosage of fertilizer: P0 = 3.6 kg/year plot experiment was 100% dosage usage of chemical fertilizers used by farmers. Further dosages were P1 (75%) = 2.7 kg/plot, P2 (50%) = 1.8 kg/plot and P3 (0.25%) = 0.9 kg/plot, each supplemented with fertilizer 5 mL of liquid organic/patch a year. Sugarcane crops with a variety of treatment showed no significant difference. The highest productivity was achieved at dosages of P2 (50% chemical fertilizers plus organic fertilizer) is 21.67 kg per square meter. Chemical fertilizers can be saved 7 quintals per hectare a year or Rp 997,500 per year. Additional costs of liquid organic fertilizer Rp.100,000 per hectare year and labor Rp 100,000 per hectare, so the additional advantage of saving farmers fertilizer Rp. 797,500 per year. "

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan teknik adaptasi danimobilisasi sel khamir Candida tropicalis InaCC Y799 pada fermentasi xilitol darihidrolisat hemiselulosa daun tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Praperlakuan dauntebu dilakukan menggunakan 1,8% asam maleat dan iradiasi gelombang mikropada suhu 180 C selama 5 menit. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajarikemampuan khamir untuk tumbuh dan beradaptasi pada hidrolisat hemiselulosasebelum fermentasi, dan meneliti potensi penggunaan matriks kalsium alginatuntuk imobilisasi sel khamir, serta pengaruhnya dalam peningkatan produksixilitol dari hidrolisat hemiselulosa daun tebu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa khamirC. tropicalis InaCC Y799 teradaptasi mampu tumbuh pada media hidrolisathemiselulosa daun tebu. Adaptasi khamir pada 75% hidrolisat menghasilkankonsentrasi dan rendemen xilitol maksimum masing-masing sebesar 11,27 1,65g/L dan 0,56 0,05 g/g (54,98% dari nilai rendemen teoritis) selama 24 jamfermentasi, lebih tinggi daripada khamir tidak teradaptasi (kontrol). Namundemikian, imobilisasi C. tropicalis pada kalsium alginat hanya menghasilkankonsentrasi dan rendemen xilitol maksimum masing-masing sebesar 5,51 0,63g/L dan 0,27 0,04 g xilitol/g xilosa awal (29,97% dari rendemen teroritis)selama 48 jam fermentasi. Konsentrasi dan rendemen xilitol pada sistem selterimobilisasi setengah kali lebih rendah daripada sel bebas (kontrol).

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ABSTRACTResearch on adaptation and immobilization method of Candida tropicalisInaCC Y799 in xylitol production from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)waste hemicellulosic hydrolysate has been conducted. Sugarcane waste werepretreated with 1,8% of maleic acid and microwave at 180 C for 5 minutes. Theaim of this research were to study the effects of yeast adaptation using sugarcanewaste hydrolysate and the potential of using calcium alginate as immobilizationmatrix of yeast C. tropicalis InaCC Y799 in the xylitol production duringfermentation. The results revealed that fermentation using adapted yeast in 75%concentration of hydrolysate produce higher xylitol concentration and yield thanthose with non adapted yeast. The highest xylitol concentration and yield obtainedusing adapted yeast were 11.27 1.65 g/L and 0.56 0.05 g xylitol /g initialxylose (54.98% of theoretical yield) for 24-hours fermentation. However, thehighest xylitol yield obtained by immobilization method were 5.51 0.63 g/L and0.27 0.04 g xilitol/g initial xylose (29.97% of theoretical yield) for 48-hoursfermentation, which were lower than free cells system."

"The definition of the physical and mechanicalproperties of sugarcane trash pellets were necessary for the designconsiderations relating to storage, handling andprocessing equipment. The mixing ratios of groundsugarcane trash:cassava starch:water content (1.0:0.25:0.85 and 1.0:0.25:1.40 by weight) and pelleting speeds (100, 120, 140, and 160 rpm) were considered to determine their effects on bulkdensity, true density, porosity, durability and compressive strength. The results show that the mixing ratio byweight of 1.0:0.25:0.85 and pelleting speed of 120to 140 rpm were optimum for producing the sugarcane trash pellets. At the moisture content of 12.01% (wb), the bulk density, true density, durability and compressive strengthof biomass pellets were in the range of 330.93 to 365.00 kg/m3, 860.38 to 918.43 kg/m3, 99.34 to 99.46 % and 5.15 to 6.43 MPa, respectively."

"The definition of the physical and mechanical properties of sugarcane trash pellets were necessary for the design considerations relating to storage, handling and processing equipment. The mixing ratios of ground sugarcane trash:cassava starch:water content (1.0:0.25:0.85 and 1.0:0.25:1.40 by weight) and pelleting speeds (100, 120, 140, and 160 rpm) were considered to determine their effects on bulk density, true density, porosity, durability and compressive strength. The results show that the mixing ratio by weight of 1.0:0.25:0.85 and pelleting speed of 120 to 140 rpm were optimum for producing the sugarcane trash pellets. At the moisture content of 12.01% (wb), the bulk density, true density, durability and compressive strength of biomass pellets were in the range of 330.93 to 365.00 kg/m3, 860.38 to 918.43 kg/m3, 99.34 to 99.46 % and 5.15 to 6.43 MPa, respectively."

"Torrefaction, which is used to improve the properties of sugarcane bagasse as fuel in pulverised fuel combustion and as carbon feed in gasification, is a low heating rate pyrolysis of biomass carried out at a temperature of 200–300oC, at an atmospheric pressure, and in an inert environment. In the present work, sugarcane bagasse was torrefied at heating rates of 3, 6, and 10oC/minute, respectively, to achieve a final temperature of 275oC and after the final temperature was reached, hold times of 0 and 15 minutes, respectively occurred at a constant temperature of 275oC for a heating rate of 6oC/minute. The physical characteristics of torrefied sugarcane bagasse samples to be determined were a particle size distribution accomplished by grinding, hydrophobicity by allowing the samples to absorb moisture from the ambient air, and pellet hardness of the sample pellets. The torrefaction results show that increasing heating rate and hold time reduced the cellulose content of the sugarcane bagasse to as low as between 5.35% to 10.61% by weight composition, respectively. As the lignin content increased, the sample pellets resulted in better hardness in comparison to that measured on raw sugarcane bagasse. As the hemicellulose content increased, the samples, after grinding and stronger hydrophobicity, produced a higher fraction of smaller particle sizes. The maximum weight fraction of particles in these samples with sizes smaller than 105 µm achieved was 83.43% weight in contrast to 0.62% weight in raw sugarcane bagasse. The maximum water absorption by the samples in 3 hours was 1.28% weight in contrast to 8.02% weight by raw sugarcane bagasse. The results indicate that torrefaction is able to improve sugarcane bagasse physical characteristics, which are favourable for biomass pelletization, storage and transportation."

"Thionic Fluvisols soil in Southern Vietnam is like typical acid sulfate soil in the tropics and is severely polluted due to human activities. Salinity intrusion and industrial wastewater contamination are the main cause of environmental degradation in soil ecosystem. This research was aimed to determine a link between biochemical soil properties and land use types to provide suitable solutions for afforestation and soil restoration. Soil sampling was conducted in five different land use types at four soil layers (O, AB, Bj and Cp). The five land use types were sugarcane crop; Melaleuca plantation; 2-year Acacia plantation; 5-year Acacia plantation; and control (grass-covered land). The results showed that soil in those five land use types were very acidic (pH ≤ 4) having poor-nutrient condition with  range of  orthophosphate  content of 378 - 640 mg/kg, N-NH4  of 586 - 999 mg/kg and N-NO3 of 830 - 1,112 mg/kg. Concentration of toxic ions was very high with large variation among land use types and soil depths i.e. 1,799 – 12,403 mg SO42-/kg; 22 - 1,645 mg exchangeable Fe/kg and 34 - 88 mg Al3+/kg soil. The lowest concentration of exchangeable Fe3+ and SO42- ions were found in sugarcane and Melaleuca plantations, respectively. Twenty-three sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and two iron-oxidizing bacteria were identified. All these bacteria were initially identified as Thiobacillus sp. Sugarcane and Melaleuca plantations exhibited the most diverse Thiobacillus species which linked to reduction of exchangeable Fe and SO42- concentrations in these two land use types. This study indicated that Thiobacillus sp. could grow well in the Thionic Fluvisols. It is proposed that Melaleuca and sugarcane species could reduce iron and sulfur contents in Thionic Fluvisols in the tropics"

"Latar Belakang: Dry eye (DE) menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbanyak yang dilaporkan di lingkungan kantor. Studi sebelumnya telah melaporkan sebesar 1 dari 3 pekerja perkantoran mengalami DE. Gejala DE dapat memengaruhi kenyamatan mata dan menurunkan kualitas hidup, yang selanjutnya dapat memperburuk produktivitas kerja dan menimbulkan beban ekonomi akibat perawatan medis dan menurunnya performa pekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan gejala DE pada pekerja perkantoran dan pekerja lapangan di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional potong lintang untuk menilai gejala DE pada pekerja perkantoran dan penebang tebu dengan menggunakan kuesioner Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) versi Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga menilai faktor risiko yang berperan pada terjadinya DE. Hasil: Sebanyak 268 subjek penelitian (142 pekerja kantoran dan 126 penebang tebu) diikutsertakan dalam analisis data. Lebih dari setengah (56.3%) pekerja mengalami gejala DE (OSDI >12). Prevalensi DE lebih besar pada pekerja perkantoran (37.7%) dibandingkan penebang tebu (18.7%) (OR 3.74, IK 95% 2.25, 6.23). Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya DE antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, jenis pekerjaan, durasi jam kerja, status merokok, penggunaan lensa kontak, penyakit sistemik dan durasi menggunakan gadget. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan usia merupakan faktor yang paling memengaruhi terjadinya DE (p < 0.001). Kesimpulan: Penebang tebu memiliki risiko tiga kali lebih rendah untuk mengalami DE dibandingkan pekerja perkantoran. Hal ini disebabkan adanya pengaruh lingkungan pada pekerja perkantoran yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya DE. Kata Kunci: Dry Eye; Mata Kering; OSDI; Risiko Pekerjaan; Pekerja Perkantoran; Penebang Tebu.

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Background: Dry eye (DE) is one of the most common health problems in the office environment. Previous study has reported that 1 out of 3 office workers experienced DE. The symptoms of DE may affect eye health and reduce the quality of life, which in turn decrease work productivity and cause an economic burden due to medical treatment and decreased worker performance. This study aimed to compare the severity of DE in office workers and field workers in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study to assess the severity of DE in office workers and sugarcane loggers using the Indonesian version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. This study also assessed the risk factors that play a role in the occurrence of DE. Results: A total of 268 research subjects (142 office workers and 126 sugarcane loggers) were included in the data analysis. More than half (56.3%) of workers experienced DE symptoms (OSDI >12). The prevalence of DE was higher among office workers (37.7%) than sugarcane loggers (18.7%) (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.25, 6.23). Factors that influence the occurrence of DE included age, gender, type of work, duration of working hours, smoking status, use of contact lenses, systemic diseases and duration of using gadgets. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age was the most influencing factor for ED (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Sugarcane loggers have three times less risk of presenting DE symptoms than office workers. It is due to environmental influences on office workers which might increase the risk of DE. "

"Sugar is one of Indonesia’s strategic commodities, but its production fluctuates over time and is still unable to comply with the national sugar demand. This condition may even get worst with climate change. Although climate-smart agriculture is a promising thing, it is basically a genuine concept for many farmers in Indonesia, including sugarcane growers. The paper briefly reviews and argues agronomic practices as a climate-smart agriculture approach adapted by sugarcane growers in Indonesia to increase its production under the changing climate. Some agronomic practices can be adopted by the Indonesian sugarcane growers as climate-smart agriculture, i.e., efficient irrigation, improved drainage of sugarcane plantations, the use of suitable sugarcane cultivars, green cane harvesting-trash blanketing, the amendment of soil organic matter, crop diversification, precision agriculture, and integrated pest management. From the Indonesian government’s side, research should be propped as there is limited information about the effectiveness of each aforementioned agronomic intervention to alleviating the adverse effect of climate change and to improving sugarcane growth. Practically, to ensure the success of climate-smart agriculture implementation in the Indonesian sugar industry, multistakeholders, i.e., sugarcane growers, researchers, civil society, and policymakers, should be involved, and the government needs to link these stakeholders."

"Arsitektur dan konstruksi memegang peranan penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam aspek lingkungan. Mereka berkontribusi pada emisi karbon tinggi dan konsumsi energi yang tinggi. Bahan bangunan merupakan salah satu faktor utama penyebab kerusakan lingkungan. Material tanah, khususnya bata membutuhkan energi yang tinggi dan mengeluarkan karbon ke atmosfer akibat proses pembakaran. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menggunakan serat alami, seperti serat ampas tebu dan ekstraksi sayuran yang difermentasi sebagai penguat untuk menghasilkan bata yang tidak dibakar. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sifat mekanis, fisis dan tampak bata dengan penambahan perkuatan SBF dan bio-enzim. Percobaan menghasilkan empat spesimen yang mengandung persentase komposisi yang sama tetapi berbeda pada bahan yang dikandungnya. Sampel bata diproduksi secara manual dengan ukuran 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm dan 230 mm × 110 mm × 50 mm. Sampel dikeringkan selama 28 hari pada suhu ruangan pada 2 ± 28 ° C sebelum dilakukan observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan SBF dan bio-enzim pada sampel meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya. Sedangkan sifat fisiknya, yaitu resapan air, sampel bata melebur saat direndam dalam air. Untuk sifat tampak, sampel bata dengan SBF memenuhi standar toleransi tekstur, warna, dan ukuran.

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Architecture and construction play an important role in achieving sustainable development goals, especially in the environmental aspect. They contribute to high carbon emission and high energy consumption. Building material is one of the main factors that cause environmental damage. Earthen material, especially clay brick, requires high energy and emits carbon to the atmosphere due to the process of kiln-firing. Previous studies have been using natural fiber, such as (SBF) and the extraction of fermented vegetables as reinforcements to produce unfired clay brick. This paper aims to investigate the effect on mechanical, physical and visible properties of unfired clay brick by adding reinforcement: SBF and bio-enzyme. The experiment produces four specimens that contain the same percentage of composition but differed in the contained ingredients. The brick samples were produced manually with the size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm and 230 mm × 110 mm × 50 mm. They were cured for 28 days at room temperature 2±28°C before the observation and test were conducted. The results showed that by adding both SBF and bio-enzyme to the samples increased its mechanical property. While the physical property, the water absorption, the brick samples melted when immersed in water. For the visible property, the brick samples with SBF met the standard of texture, color, and size tolerance."