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"Latar belakang: Early Childhood Caries disebabkan oleh adanya aktivitas dari bakteri kariogenik, terutama Streptococcus mutans, yang dapat menurunkan pH lingkungan mulut. Veillonella spp., bakteri koagregrat Streptococcus mutans, dapat menaikkan pH lingkungan mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans dan Veillonella spp. saliva pada anak kategori risiko karies rendah dan tinggi. Metode: DNA Streptococcus mutans. dan Veillonella spp. dari ekstraksi saliva subjek dikuantifikasi menggunakan qPCR. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah bakteri pada anak dengan kategori karies rendah dan tinggi. Kesimpulan: Jumlah Streptococcus mutans maupun Veillonella spp. pada saliva anak dengan kategori risiko karies tinggi lebih banyak daripada risiko karies rendah.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries is caused by cariogenic bacteria's activity mainly Streptococcus mutans which decrease the oral environment's pH. Otherwise Veillonella spp coaggregration of Streptococcus mutans can raise the oral environment's pH.

Aim: To examine the quantity comparison of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp in children's saliva with high risk and low risk caries.

Methods Quantification of DNA Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp extracted from subject's saliva using qPCR.

Results: There were significant differences between the number of bacteria in children with high risk and low risk caries.

Conclusion: There is a higherquantity of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp in children's saliva with high risk caries than low risk caries."

"Latar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) disebabkan oleh aktivitas Streptococcus mutans dengan cara memetabolisme karbohidrat menjadi asam laktat. Salah satu bakteri yang memfermentasikan asam laktat adalah Veillonella spp. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbandingan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans dan Veillonella spp. plak lidah anak kategori risiko karies rendah dan tinggi. Metode: Kuantitas Streptococcus mutans dan Veillonella spp. dari sampel plak lidah dikuantifikasi menggunakan qPCR. Hasil: Kuantitas Streptococcus mutans dan Veillonella spp. lebih banyak pada kategori risiko karies tinggi dibandingkan risiko karies rendah. Kesimpulan: Kuantitas Streptococcus mutans dan Veillonella spp. pada plak lidah anak kategori risiko karies rendah dan tinggi tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik.

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Background: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans by metabolize carbohydrates into lactic acid. One of the bacteria that fermenting lactic acid is Veillonella spp.

Objectives: To determine the comparison of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. quantity in tongue plaque of children with low-risk and high-risk caries.

Methods: Quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. from tongue plaque samples were quantified using qPCR.

Results: Quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. in high-risk caries is higher than low-risk caries.

Conclusion: There were no significant differences between Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella spp. quantity in tongue plaque with children with low-risk and high-risk caries."

"The presence of fixed orthodontic appliances leads to an increase in the absolute number of salivary Streptococcus mutans, as well as an increase in the percentage of S. mutans. These changes may be responsible for decalcification or white spot formation during orthodontic therapy. Decalcification or white spot formation during orthodontic treatment has been a problem since the introduction of fixed appliances. The white spot lesion is considered to be the precurser of enamel caries. In orthodontics it has been attributed to prolonged accumulation and retention of bacterial plaque on the enamel surface adjacent to the appliances. Plaque retention surrounding orthodontic appliances leads to enamel demineralization caused by organic acids produced by bacteria in the dental plaque. Plaque develops after the placement of a fixed appliance because the appliance often impedes the maintenance of good oral hygiene for the orthodontic patient. The components of the appliance create many new retention areas for microorganisms and impede proper access to the tooth surfaces for optimal cleaning. Decalcification may then occur. White spot formation represents a poor esthetic side effect of orthodontic treatment that may counteract the beneficial results of such treatment. Thus, prevention of white spot formation is important for the orthodontist to consider before, during and after orthodontic treatment for quality treatment result as professional."

"Pengurangan koloni Streptococcus mutans saliva pada anak setelah kumur larutan teh hijau 2,5%. Karies merupakan masalah dalam kedokteran gigi anak, dengan Streptococcus mutans sebagai bakteri dominan penyebab karies. Larutan teh hijau dan klorheksidin efektif mengurangi jumlah koloni dari Streptococcus .mutans. Namun belum diteliti lebih lanjut mengenai perbedaan efektivitas kedua bahan tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas berkumur dengan klorheksidin 0,2% dan larutan teh hijau 2,5% dalam menurunkan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental semu dengan desain cross over. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang anak-anak berusia 6-12 tahun dengan indeks OHI-S kurang. Sampel saliva diambil masing-masing sebelum berkumur selama 3 detik dengan larutan klorheksidin 0,2% dan larutan teh hijau 2,5% dan 15 menit dilanjutkan 30 menit setelah berkumur. Sampel saliva dibawa ke laboratorium kemudian dilakukan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 18.0 dengan uji ANOVA t-berpasangan, dan uji beda lanjut (LSD). Hasil: Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa penurunan yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing obat kumur merupakan penurunan yang signifikan. Hasil uji t-berpasangan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans yang signifikan antara klorheksidin dan larutan teh hijau pada interval waktu 15 menit dan 30 menit setelah berkumur. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara klorheksidin dan larutan teh hijau terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans.

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Dental caries is a problematic area in pediatric dentistry, with Streptococcus mutans as the dominant bacterial cause. Green tea solution and chlorhexidine were effective in reducing the number of Streptococcus mutans. But study about the differences of these two materials has not been done. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine differences in the effectiveness of rinsing with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% green tea solution in reducing the number of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This study is quase experimental study with cross-over design. Thirty children aged 6-12 years with poor OHI-S index were participated. Samples of saliva were taken respectively before rinsing for 3 seconds with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution and a solution of 2.5% green tea and 15 minutes followed 30 minutes after rinsing intervention. Saliva samples were taken to the laboratory then the number of Streptococcus mutans count were evaluated. The statistical analysis were performed by SPSS version 18.0 with ANOVA, t-paired and LSD test. Results: ANOVA test result showed that the decrease generated by each mouthwash is a significant reduction. T-paired test result showed that there is no difference in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies significantly between chlorhexidine and green tea solution at 15 minutes dan 30 minutes after rinsing. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between chlorhexidine and green tea solution in reducing the number of Streptococcus mutans.;Pengurangan koloni Streptococcus mutans saliva pada anak setelah kumur larutan teh hijau 2,5%. Karies merupakan masalah dalam kedokteran gigi anak, dengan Streptococcus mutans sebagai bakteri dominan penyebab karies. Larutan teh hijau dan klorheksidin efektif mengurangi jumlah koloni dari Streptococcus .mutans. Namun belum diteliti lebih lanjut mengenai perbedaan efektivitas kedua bahan tersebut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas berkumur dengan klorheksidin 0,2% dan larutan teh hijau 2,5% dalam menurunkan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental semu dengan desain cross over. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang anak-anak berusia 6-12 tahun dengan indeks OHI-S kurang. Sampel saliva diambil masing-masing sebelum berkumur selama 3 detik dengan larutan klorheksidin 0,2% dan larutan teh hijau 2,5% dan 15 menit dilanjutkan 30 menit setelah berkumur. Sampel saliva dibawa ke laboratorium kemudian dilakukan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 18.0 dengan uji ANOVA t-berpasangan, dan uji beda lanjut (LSD). Hasil: Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa penurunan yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing obat kumur merupakan penurunan yang signifikan. Hasil uji t-berpasangan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans yang signifikan antara klorheksidin dan larutan teh hijau pada interval waktu 15 menit dan 30 menit setelah berkumur. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara klorheksidin dan larutan teh hijau terhadap jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans."

"ABSTRAKSaliva merupakan zat eksokrin yang mengandung berbagai komponen, salah satunya adalah protein. Total protein dalam saliva dapat meningkat karena peningkatan aktifitas fisik, salah satu contohnya adalah aktifitas berlari. Di dalam rongga mulut, Streptococcus mutans merupakan mikroorganisme kariogenik yang memiliki peran penting dalam proses terjadinya karies. Tujuan: menganalisis perbedaan profil protein saliva yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari sebelum dan setelah protein tersebut diinteraksikan dengan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Metode: sampel saliva unstimulated diambil dari 3 subjek pelari dan 3 subjek nonpelari. Identifikasi berat molekul protein saliva ditetapkan dengan menggunakan teknik SDS-PAGE dan pewarnaan commasie blue, sedangkan identifikasi interaksi protein saliva dengan Streptococcus mutans ditetapkan dengan menggunakan teknik SDS-PAGE, pewarnaan commasie blue dan Qubit Protein assay. Hasil: pada subjek pelari teridentifikasi protein dengan berat molekul sebesar 140 kDa, 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, dan 15 kDa sedangkan pada subjek nonpelari teridentifikasi protein dengan berat molekul 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, dan 10 kDa. Interaksi protein saliva pelari dengan metode pewarnaan comassie blue tidak memvisualisasikan pita pada agar poliakrilamid sedangkan protein saliva subjek nonpelari terlihat pita sebesar 70 kDa. Interaksi protein saliva pelari dengan Streptococcus mutans dengan menggunakan Qubit Protein assay menunjukan konsentrasi sebesar 74,2 g/mL dan sebesar 93,2 g/mL pada saliva nonpelari. Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan profil dan berat molekul protein saliva pada subjek pelari dan nonpelari dan interaksi protein dengan Streptococcus mutans hanya tervisualisasikan pada protein saliva yang berasal dari subjek nonpelari.

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ABSTRAKBackground Saliva is an exocrine substance containing various components, one of which is protein. The amount of total proteins in saliva may increase due to physical activity, namely running. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic microorganism that is vital in the forming process of caries. Objective Analyze the difference in salivary proteins profiles on subjects who are runners compared to non runners before and after the proteins are interacted with Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Method Samples of unstimulated saliva were taken from 3 subjects who were runners and 3 subjects who were non runners. Identification of total molecular weight in salivary proteins was done using comassie brilliant blue color staining with the SDS PAGE technique. Identification of interaction in salivary proteins with Streptococcus mutans was also done using comassie brilliant blue color staining using SDS PAGE technique and Qubit Protein assay. Results In subjects who were runners, identification of molecular weight in the salivary protein results were 140 kDa, 100 kDa, 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, and 15 kDa while in non runners the identification of molecular weight in the salivary protein results were 70 kDa, 50 kDa, 25 kDa, and 10 kDa. Interaction of salivary proteins in runners using comassie blue coloring did not result in visualization of band on polyacrilamide agar while in non runners a band of 70 kDa was observed on polyacrilamide agar. Interaction of salivary proteins with Streptococcus mutans using Qubit Protein assay showed a concentration of 74.2 g mL in runners and 93.2 g mL in non runners. Conclusion There is a difference of proteins profile and molecular weight in subjects who were runners and non runners and proteins interaction with Streptococcus mutans is only visualized in the salivary proteins derived from non runners subject."

"Pendahuluan: protein saliva merupakan komposisi yang terkandung dalam salivadan berperan penting bagi keseimbangan ekosistem rongga mulut manusia. Total konsentrasiprotein saliva pada setiap individu bervariasi tergantung pada usia individu tersebut. Banyakdari protein saliva berfungsi untuk memproteksi rongga mulut dengan aktivitas antimikrobayang dimilikinya. Di sisi lain, saliva juga dapat mendukung pertumbuhan mikroorganismerongga mulut dengan membentuk pelikel. Streptococcus mutans bersama dengan pelikelsaliva berpartisipasi dalam adhesi bakteri di permukaan gigi. Selanjutnya mereka akanberkoordinasi sehingga membentuk dental plaque. Tujuan: menganalisis perbedaan massabakteri dan viabilitas Streptococcus mutans setelah pajanan protein saliva subjek anak dansubjek dewasa. Metode: sampel saliva subjek anak dan subjek dewasa dilakukan ujiBradford untuk mengetahui total protein saliva. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan massabiofilm dengan uji crystal violet staining dan viabilitas bakteri dengan TPC. Setelah itudilakukan uji One-way Anova Hasil: Nilai signifikansi uji statistic menunjukan > 0,05sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna massa bakteri maupun viabilitas bakteriStreptococcus mutans setelah pajanan protein saliva yang berasal dari subjek anak dan subjekdewasa secara statistik. Total konsentrasi protein saliva anak dan dewasa condong berbeda.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan dampak pemajanan protein saliva asal subjek anakdan subjek dewasa terhadap pembentukan biofilm bakteri Streptococcus mutans ditinjau darimassa biofilm dan viabilitas bakteri.

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Background: Salivary protein is the composition contained in saliva and plays an

important role in the balance of the human oral cavity ecosystem. The total salivary protein

concentration in each individual varies depending on the age of the individual. Many of

salivary proteins function to protect the oral cavity with their antimicrobial activity.

Therefore, saliva can also support the growth of oral microorganisms by forming pellicles

and as a source of nutrtion to bacteria. Streptococcus mutans together with the salivary

pellicle participate in the adhesion of bacteria on the tooth surface. Furthermore, they will

coordinate to form dental plaque. Objective: to analyze the differences in bacterial mass and

viability of Streptococcus mutans after the exposure of the salivary proteins from children

and adult subjects. Methods: Bradford test was used to determine the total of salivary protein

in saliva samples from children and adult subjects. The biofilm mass was calculated by using

crystal violet staining and bacterial viability by TPC. The distribution was analyzed using the

One-way Anova test Results: The p value of the statistical test shows > 0,05 so that there

were no significant difference in bacterial mass and viability of Streptococcus mutans after

exposure of salivary protein from children’s or adult’s saliva statisticaly. However, the total

salivary protein concentrations of children and adults tend to be different. Conclusion: There

was no differenece in the impact of salivary protein exposure from children’s and adult’s

saliva on the formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in terms of biofilm mass and

bacterial viability."

"ABSTRAKMutans streptococci are considered as major bacteria in human dental caries, and S. mutans and S. sobrinus are the ones most commonly found in humans. It has been shown from previous study that the numbers of S. sobrinus in oral samples are usually underestimated, and the S. sobrinus colonies are often misidentified as S. mutans. The aim of this study was to identify S. mutans and S. sobrinus from dental plaque of children. Dental plaque samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from first and second upper deciduous molars from 3 children. Samples of dental plaque were inoculated onto MSB-0.5% yeast extract-20% sucrose. Identification of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was performed using examination of colony morphology and biochemical analysis with inulin and rafinose. Identification results were then documented as digital images with Olympus Digital BX 51. S. mutans form convex, translucent colonies with rough margins, while the S. sobrinus colonies are translucent, circular, with pinpoints are smooth margins. Aglisining bubble often accumulates on top of the colony when excessive glucan is synthesized from sucrose. Biochemical analysis had showed positive reaction on S. mutans, and negative on S. sobrinus. From this study it can be concluded that S. mutans and S. sobrinus could be identified clearly with examination of colony morphology and biochemical analysis."

"Latar Belakang : Ekstrak kismis telah dikenal sejak dahulu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, karena mengandung oleanolic acid yang telah terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri rongga mulut.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antimikroba infusum Kismis terhadap Streptococcus mutans.Metode: Infusum Kismis dibuat dengan proses pemanasan 100oCselama 15 menit pada 50 gr kismis dalam 500ml air (konsentyrasi 10%), kemudian diopanaskan lagi sehingga larutan tersisa 50ml (konsentrasi 100%). Untuk penelitian ini dibuat infusum 80%, 60%, 40%, 30%, dan 15% sesuai dengan prosedur yang benar. Efek antimikroba masing2 infusum kismis diperiksa dengan metode dilusi sehingga diperoleh nilai KHM dan KBM serta metode difusi sehingga diperoleh nilai Zona Hambatan terhadap 6 koloni streptococcus mutans.Hasil: Efek infusum Kismis terhadap Streptococcus mutans adalah sebagai berikut : Pada koloni 1 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml ; koloni 2 : zona hambatan 1,50 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 3 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 4 : zona hambatan 0,50 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 5 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 6 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml;Kesimpulan: Secara in vitro, infusum kismis dengan konsentrasi 30% bersifat bakteriostatik, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 60% bersifat bakterisid dengan rata-rata Zona hambatan 1,0625 mm.

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Background : Seedless Raisins has been known that it can inhibit the growth of pathogen bactery, because it contains of oleanolic acid that can inhibit the growth of oral pathogen.Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the sensitivity of Infusum Raisins on mutans streptococci.Methods: Infusum is the product of the process of steeping Raisins for extraction of its medicinal principle. The effect of infusum Raisins was examined in vitro on the inhibit the bacterial growth by determining the inhibition zone (agar diffusion method), minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The microorganisms tested were composed 6 colony of Streptococcus mutans wild strain that taken from Oral Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia, labeled as Streptococcus mutans1, Streptococcus mutans2, Streptococcus mutans3, Streptococcus mutans4,Streptococcus mutans5, Streptococcus mutans6. Data obtained was done in a descriptive method.Results: showed that Raisins?s Infusum had effect on all of mutans of Streptococcus mutans 1 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30% /ml ,MBC 60% /ml); Streptococcus mutans 2 (inhibition zone 1.50 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 3 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 4 (inhibition zone 0.50 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 5 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml), Streptococcus mutans6 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30/ml ,MBC 60%/ml).Conclusion: We concluded that Raisins's Infusum has anti microbial activity against 6 colony of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavity, in vitro. Hence it may have potential anti-cariesproperty."

"Streptococcus mutans merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies. Anggur (Vitis vinifera) mengandung senyawa fenol, diantaranya flavonoid, tannin, antosianin dan resveratrol. Senyawa fenol memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans asal saliva. Tujuan : Mengetahui besar efek antibakteri infusum kulit anggur (Vitis vinifera) varietas Probolinggo Biru terhadap Streptococcus mutans asal saliva secara invitro. Metode : Kulit anggur dijadikan infusum, yaitu hasil proses pemanasan kulit anggur. Senyawa fenol dalam infusum kulit anggur diidentifikasikan dengan uji fitokimia. Infusum kulit anggur dibuat menjadi 8 konsentrasi, yaitu konsentrasi 20% hingga 90%. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam tes sensitivitas, yaitu metode difusi dan metode dilusi, yang ditujukan untuk menentukan diameter zona hambat, Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil : Zona hambatan meningkat dari 0,50 mm pada konsentrasi 20% hingga 6,70 mm pada konsentrasi 90%. Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) berada pada konsentrasi 50% dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM) berada pada konsentrasi 60%. Kesimpulan : Berdasarkan hasil penelitian in vitro yang dilakukan, terbukti bahwa infusum kulit anggur (Vitis vinifera) varietas Probolinggo Biru memiliki efek antibakteri yang potensial terhadap Streptococcus mutans asal saliva. Saran : Dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang kemungkinan efek lain selain efek antibakteri dari infusum kulit anggur (Vitis vinifera).

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Caries was caused by Streptococcus mutans. Grape (Vitis vinifera) variety Blue Probolinggo has active substance named phenolic compounds such as flavonoid, tannin, anthocyanin, and resveratrol. Phenolic compounds have antibacterial effect against salivary Streptococcus mutans. Objectives : The aim of this research is to determine the antibacterial effect of grape?s skin (Vitis vinifera) infusa variety Blue Probolinggo to salivary Streptococcus mutans, in vitro. Methods : The grape?s skin is made to be infusa, product of the process of steeping grape?s skin. Phenolic compounds in grape?s skin infusa were identified by phytochemical test. After divided to eight concentrations, from 20% till 90%, the grape?s skin infusa was tested against salivary Streptococcus mutans. This research used two kinds of sensitivity test, diffusion method and dilution method. That was aimed to determined an inhibitory zone, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Statistical analysis was done in descriptive method. Result : Inhibitory zone was inclined from 0.50 mm in concentration 20% to 6.70 mm in concentration 90%. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was made at 50% and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was made at 60%. Conclusion : Infusa of Grape?s skin (Vitis vinifera) variety Blue Probolinggo has potential antibacterial effect against salivary Streptococcus mutan, in vitro. Suggestion : the future research can be done to know the possibility of another effect besides antibacterial effect of grape?skin infusa."

"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) adalah kondisi terdapat satu atau lebih kerusakan gigi, baik lesi dengan kavitas atau tanpa kavitas, kehilangan gigi akibat karies, atau penambalan permukaan gigi sulung pada usia antara usia lahir hingga 72 bulan. Streptococcus mutans merupakan mikroorganisme yang paling dominan pada terjadinya karies dan banyak terdapat dalam plak gigi.² Streptococcus mutans adalah bakteri anaerob fakultatif gram positif yang ada pada rongga mulut manusia. Secara struktur serotype - specific polysaccharides, Streptococcus mutans diklasifikasikan Streptococcus mutans diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat serotipe c, e, f, dan k. Prevalensi masing-masing serotipe  berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Jakarta didominasi oleh serotipe f (85.5%), c (74.2%), dan e (22.6%). Ekstrak bawang putih atau yang dikenal dengan Allium sativum diketahui telah memiliki kemampuan menghambat aktivitas pada berbagai jenis bakteri patogen. Efek dari Allicin yang terkandung dalam bawang mampu menurunkan aktivitas bakteri dengan menghambat proses pembentukan biofilm. Aktivitas antibakteri dari empat konsentrasi Allium Sativum (10%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%) diteliti terhadap pembentukan biofilm Streptococcus mutans serotype c dan f menggunakan metode MTT Assay. Kontrol positif dengan chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% dan kontrol negatif. Data dianalisis dengan uji Kruskall wallis dan uji post-hoc Mann Whitney. Keempat konsentrasi mampu menurunkan viabilitas Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f.  Streptococcus mutans serotipe c memiliki konsentrasi yang signifikan pada 50% & 100%, sedangkan Streptococcus mutans serotipe f signifikan pada konsentrasi 100%.

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Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a condition of one or more tooth decay, either lesions with cavity or no cavity, caries-induced tooth loss, or patching of the surface of deciduous teeth between the ages of birth and 72 months. Streptococcus mutans is the most dominant microorganism on caries occurrence and is present in dental plaque. Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria present in the human oral cavity. Structurally serotype - specific polysaccharides, Streptococcus mutans classified Streptococcus mutans are classified into four serotypes c, e, f, and k. The prevalence of each serotype based on research conducted in Jakarta is dominated by serotype f (85.5%), c (74.2%), and e (22.6%). Garlic extract or known as Allium sativum is known to have the ability to inhibit activity in various types of pathogenic bacteria. The effects of allicin contained in the garlic can decrease bacterial activity by inhibiting the biofilm formation process. The antibacterial activity of four Allium Sativum concentrations (10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) was investigated on the formation of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and f using the MTT Assay method. Positive control with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and negative control. Data were analyzed by Kruskall wallis test and post-hoc Mann Whitney test. The four concentrations were able to decrease the viability of Streptococcus mutans serotype c and f. Streptococcus mutans serotype c has a significant concentration at 50% & 100%, while Streptococcus mutans serotype f is significant at 100% concentration."