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"Anak sekolah menghabiskan sebagian besar aktivitas sehari-hari disekolah. Mereka memerlukan asupan gizi yang cukup untuk pertumbuhan,pemeliharaan tubuh, dan aktivitas sehari-hari. Makanan jajanan dapat memenuhisebagian kebutuhan gizi mereka, walaupun keamanannya masih diragukankarena mengandung kontaminan kimia. Studi ini menilai kontribusi makananjajanan terhadap asupan gizi dan pajanan kontaminan di antara anak-anaksekolah di Kecamatan Senen. Studi ini merupakan studi potong lintang denganmetode pengambilan contoh secara purposif untuk sekolah dan acak untuk siswakelas 4 dan 5 SD. Beberapa metode yang digunakan antara lain wawancaraterstruktur, daftar ceklis makanan, 3 hari recall 24 jam, pengukuran antropometri,dan analisis kimia kontaminan. Makanan jajanan berkontribusi sekitar seperlimahingga sepertiga terhadap asupan gizi sehari. Kontaminan yang ditemukanadalah formaldehid, siklamat, dan timbal. Sebagian subjek terpajan formaldehid(9.2% jika menggunakan batas aman WHO, 77.6% jika menggunakan batas amanBPOM) dan siklamat (11.8%) di atas batas aman individual mereka.

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AbstractSchool children spent most of their daily activity at school. They needadequate nutrient to provide their growth, body maintenance and daily activities.Street food can provide some nutrient for their daily need, although its safety isstill doubtful due to presence of chemical contaminants. This study assessed thecontribution of street food to nutrient intake and contaminant exposure amongschool children in Senen subdistrict, Jakarta, Indonesia. A cross sectional studywas done with purposive sampling of school and students from grade 4-5 selectedrandomly. Several methods were used, such as structured interview, foodchecklist, repeated 24 hour recalls, anthropometric measurement and chemicalanalysis of contaminants. Street food contributed about one fifth to one third tonutrient intake. Contaminants found in this study were formaldehyde, cyclamateand lead. Some subjects were exposed to formaldehyde (9.2% using WHO cutoff,77.6% using NADFC cutoff) and cyclamate (11.8%) above their individual safetylevel."

"Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan perilaku jajan siswa sekolah dasar negeri terpilih di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data primer terhadap 422 responden kelas 4 - 5 di 6 sekolah dasar negeri di DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 65,6% siswa memiliki perilaku jajan tidak baik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kebiasaan sarapan, kebiasaan membawa bekal, pengetahuan orang tua yang rendah mengenai gizi dan jajanan, pengaruh teman sebaya, dan pengaruh media terhadap perilaku jajan siswa, dengan interaksi antara sikap siswa dalam memilih jajanan dengan besar uang jajan siswa sebagai faktor dominan. Peneliti menyarankan pihak sekolah mengadakan pendidikan gizi bagi siswa dan orang tua siswa, mewajibkan siswa untuk membawa bekal makanan dan minuman dari rumah, serta orang tua untuk membatasi pemberian uang jajan, dan membatasi serta mengawasi kebiasaan anak menonton televisi.

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The aim of the present study is to determine dominant factor associated with behavior of street food consumption among selected public elementary school students. This study uses a cross-sectional study design using primary data on 422 respondents grade 4-5 in 6 public elementary schools located in 5 different regions in Jakarta. The results showed 65.6% of students had poor behavior of street food consumption.

The analysis showed association between breakfast habits, packed lunch practice, poor parental knowledge in nutrition and street food, the amount of student's pocket money, peer influence, and media influence with children's behavior of street food consumption, as interaction between the amount of pocket money and student's attitude towards street food selection is the dominant factor.

Researcher suggest schools to held nutrition education for students and parents and require students to bring food and drinks from home and parents to restrict the provision of pocket."

"Pemenuhan akan pangan merupakan komponen dasar untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Namun, masih terdapat permasalahan dalam mewujudkannya, di antaranya masalah keamanan pangan dengan persentase kasus keracunan makanan masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis situasi pelaksanaan keamanan Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) yang ada saat ini dan memilih alternatif model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien diterapkan di usaha mikro kecil (UMK) guna meningkatkan keamanan pangan yang dihasilkannya sehingga terjadi peningkatan kesehatan anak. Penelitian dilakukan pada kuartal II tahun 2015 sampai dengan awal kuartal III tahun 2015 melalui survei lapangan dan survei pakar dengan mengambil studi kasus di lingkungan sekolah dasar. Survei lapangan melibatkan 102 responden untuk memungkinkan dilakukannya analisis situasional dan juga survei pakar untuk memilih model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien untuk diterapkan pada UMK PJAS dengan Analytical Hierarchy Process.Hasil survei lapangan menunjukkan 91% responden anak sekolah pernah mengalami gangguan kesehatan setelah mengonsumsi PJAS. Selain itu, 100% responden UMK PJAS tidak menggunakan masker dan sarung tangan sebelum mengolah makanan/minuman, 62% masih menggunakan air sumur sebagai sumber air untuk produksi PJAS dan 86% menggunakan Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Hasil survei pakar menunjukkan model Lima Kunci Pangan Aman terpilih sebagai model keamanan pangan yang paling efektif dan efisien diterapkan pada UMK PJAS.

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Food is the most important basic human need, in which it's fulfillment becomes major component of human right to embody qualified human resources in Indonesia. However, there have been some problems to embody it, such as food safety problem with percentage of foodborne ilness case that remains high. This study aimed to analyze the situation of Street Food for School Children (SFSC) safety practice nowadays and select the most effective and efficient food safety model alternative implemented on Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) in order to improve food safety performance, so child health improvement may occur. This study was conducted in the second quarter until the early third quarter of 2015 through field survey and expert survey by taking case study in elementary school environment. Field survey involved 102 respondents was conducted to enable situational analysis and expert survey was conducted to select the most effective and efficient food safety model implemented in SFSC MSE with Analytical Hierarchy Process.

Field survey results showed 91% school child respondents ever suffered from health disorders after consuming SFSC. Moreover, 100% SFSC MSE respondents did not wear masks nor gloves before producing food/beverage, 62% still used nearby well water as water source for SFSC production and 86% used Food Additives. Expert survey results showed Five Keys to Safer Food model selected as the most effective and efficient food safety model implemented in SFSC MSE."

"Every body consumes street-foods, even babies as early as 6 months of age. The older the children, the more varied the street foods being consumed. Street foods therefore have contributed to a significant proportion of energy, protein and iron intake of school age children. Looking at high percentages of street foods contribution to their nutrient intake, street foods play an important role in school children's growth and school achievement. On the other hand the safety (microbiological & chemical aspect) of street foods is still questionable. This study aimed to investigate the predicted consumption of illegal food additives from street food among school children from two different types of government primary schools.

This research report is arranged and divided in three sequential parts. Part 1 contains comprehensive review on the background and rationale of the study, problem statements, literature review, conceptual framework, objectives of the study and the hypothesis.

Part 2 consists of manuscript for publication entitled "School children from model school had lower intake of illegal food additive from street foods compare to school children from regular school" that presents the main findings of the study. The manuscript is written in accordance with the "Instruction for Author's" of "Food and Nutrition Bulletin".

Part 3 is the compilation of the detailed questionnaire, methodology, other important results that are not included in the manuscript, ethical consideration and list of references."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh yang dimiliki consumption values terhadap intention to revisit serta pengaruh mediasi yang dimiliki place attachment terhadap hubungan antara attitude dan intention to revisit dalam konteks konsumsi street food pada wisatawan domestik Gen Z yang mengunjungi Bali. Data didapatkan dari 287 responden menggunakan non-probability purposive sampling yang dianalisis menggunakan metode structural equation modelling (SEM) dengan software SmartPLS 3.3.7. Hasil analisis menunjukkan epistemic value sebagai pengaruh paling besar pada attitude yang dimiliki wisatawan domestik Gen Z yang diikuti oleh taste value. Place attachment juga ditemukan memiliki pengaruh mediasi komplementer pada hubungan attitude dan intention to revisit.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of consumption values on intention to revisit and mediation of place attachment on the connection of attitudes and intention to revisit. In context of street food consumption among domestic Gen Z travelers who visit Bali. Data gathered from 287 respondents using non-probability purposive sampling that is analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.3.7. Result shows epistemic value has primary impact on attitudes of domestic Gen Z travelers that is followed by taste value. Moreover, place attachment appear to complementary mediate the relationship between Attitude and intention to revisit."

"Street food (SF) sangat populer dan digemari oleh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Tercatat sebanyak 2,5 miliar orang di dunia dan jutaan orang di negara berkembang mengkonsumsi street food setiap harinya. Pada negara berkembang, Makanan yang dijual oleh SF umumnnya diolah pada ruangan terbuka dengan praktik kebersihan yang buruk, infrastruktur sanitasi yang tidak layak, dan minimnya ketersediaan air bersih. Kontaminasi makanan oleh E. coli telah dilaporkan oleh banyak negara, diantaranya India, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Filipina, China, dan Sudan yang dikaitkan dengan higiene sanitasi yang buruk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis hubungan higiene sanitasi (bahan makanan, penyimpanan makanan matang, peralatan, dan higiene personal penjamah makanan) dengan kontaminasi Escherichia coli pada street food di negara berkembang. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah systematic review dengan metode PRISMA yang dianalisis dengan sintesis naratif pada 10 literatur, dengan rincian 9 jurnal dan 1 skripsi UI yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2012 hingga 2021. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, Seluruh literatur dilakukan di Indonesia, menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional, dan hanya 1 literatur yang instrumennya dilakukan uji realibilitas. Sebagian besar menggunakan referensi jurnal, Buku/Modul/Diktat, dan peraturan/publikasi resmi instansi terkait. Variabel yang banyak diteliti adalah higiene personal penjamah makanan. kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu pada variabel bahan makanan, permasalahan yang ditemukan adalah penyimpanan terbuka dan penggunaan bahan makanan yang tidak memiliki izin. Permasalahan pada penyimpanan makanan matang adalah penyimpanan makanan pada wadah terbuka. Pada variabel peralatan yang ditemukan adalah praktik pencucian yang jarang dilakukan dan tidak adanya penyimpanan khusus. Dan pada higiene personal penjamah makanan, masalah yang ditemukan adalah tidak mencuci tangan dengan sabun, tidak menggunakan APD, kebiasaan buruk, seperti merokok, menggaruk anggota badan, bersin, penggunaan perhiasan, dan tidak menutup luka.

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Street food (SF) is popular and loved by people around the world. Every day, as many as 2.5 billion people worldwide and millions of people in developing countries consume street food. In developing countries, SF generally prepares their food in open spaces with poor hygiene practices, inadequate sanitation infrastructure, and a lack of clean water. Many countries reported food contamination by E. coli, including India, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Philippines, China, and Sudan. These countries are associated with poor sanitary hygiene. This study aims to analyze the relationship of sanitary hygiene (food ingredients, cooked food storage, equipment, and personal hygiene of food handlers) with Escherichia coli contamination on street food in developing countries. The study design used in this research is a systematic review using the PRISMA method, analyzed by narrative synthesis on 10 works of literature, with details of 9 journals and 1 thesis published between 2012 and 2021. Based on the review result, all literature was conducted in Indonesia, using a cross-sectional study design, and only 1 literature whose instrument was tested for reliability. Most of them use reference journals, books/modules/dictation, and regulations/official publications of relevant agencies. The variable that is widely studied is the personal hygiene of food handlers. The conclusion in this study, on food ingredients the problems found are the open storage and the use of unlicensed food ingredients. The problem with cooked food storage is that the food is stored in open containers. On the equipment variables, the researcher found that they rarely washed and the absence of specific storage. For the personal hygiene of food handlers, the problems are the lack of washing hands with soap, not using PPE, and bad habits, such as smoking, scratching limbs, sneezing, wearing jewelry, and not covering wounds"

"ABSTRACTSebagian besar kasus kematian akibat diare terjadi karena makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi mikroorganisme patogen. Makanan jajanan berisiko tinggi terkontaminasi mikroorganisme karena diolah dan disajikan dalam keadaan tidak higiene. Escherichia coli merupakan organisme indikator adanya pencemaran fekal di makanan. Faktor makanan, penjamah makanan, dan TPM merupakan sumber-sumber yang harus dikendalikan agar tidak terjadinya kontaminasi bakteri E. coli di makanan/minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar bakteri Escherichia coli pada makanan jajanan sekolah di Kelurahan Paledang Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kros-seksional dengan metode kuesioner, observasi, dan pengambilan sampel makanan/minuman. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2014 dengan jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 42 sampel makanan/minuman. Sebesar 64,3% makanan/minuman terkontaminasi bakteri E.coli. Namun, faktor penjamah makanan (pelatihan higiene sanitasi, pengetahuan terkait higiene sanitasi, perilaku mencuci tangan) dan faktor TPM (sarana air bersih, kualitas fisik air cuci peralatan, sarana pembuangan sampah, dan pencucian alat) tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kontaminasi bakteri Escherichia coli.

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ABSTRACTMost death cases of diarrhea is a result of food/water that contaminated by pathogenic microorganism. Street food has high risk of contamination because they often cook and serve in unhygienic condition. Escherichia coli is considered as an indicator organism for fecal contamination in water and foods. The food, food handler, and sanitation facility are the sources that should be controlled in order to prevent Escherichia coli contamination in food or water. The purpose of the present study is to know the difference of Escherichia coli’s presence in street food near school in Paledang year 2014. This research is using a cross-sectional study. Researcher collect data by using queastionnair, observation method, and food sampling. The data is conducted on May 2014 with the total sample of food/drink is 42. This study found 64,3% food/drinks are contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. But, food handler’s factor (food training, knowledge about food hygiene and sanitation, and hand washing habit) and sanitation facility factor (clean water for preparing food, water’s macroscopic quality for washing kitchen utensils, solid waste disposal, and method of washing kitchen utensils are not statistically correlated with Escherichia coli contamination."

"Jalan dapat disebut sebagai ruang publik apabila disekitarnya manusia dapat melakukan berbagai macam kegiatan, seperti berjalan, menggunakan kendaraan bermotor, bersosialisasi maupun berkegiatan komersil. Pedagang kaki lima makanan adalah salah satu contoh dari masyarakat kota yang melakukan kegiatan komersil di jalan. Kehadiran mereka di jalan dan trotoar telah menjadi fasilitas pemenuh kebutuhan makan dan minum untuk para pengguna jalan. Pedagang kaki lima makanan juga berperan dalam menghidupkan suasana kawasan disekitar jalan. Namun pada kenyataannya, kehadiran pedagang kaki lima makanan justru menganggu fungsi utama jalan dan trotoar. Hal tersebut menyebabkan terhampasnya hak pengguna jalan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, penempatannya tidak semuanya berada di jalan dan trotoar tetapi juga ditempatkan di lokasi khusus, seperti lokasi penampungan pedagang kaki lima makanan. Dimana jika mereka diletakkan di trotoar, maka trotoar tersebut harus memiliki lebar minimal 4 meter atau 5 meter dan peletakkannya diletakkan di sudut- sudut trotoar tidak diseluruh bagian trotoar. Sehingga, keberadaan mereka tidak menganggu fungsi ruang publik.

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Streets can be referred to as public space when people can perform various activities on its surrounding, such as walking, riding vehicles, interacting with others and doing commercial activities. Street food hawker is one example of people that perform commercial activities on the street. Street food hawker rsquo s existence on streets and sidewalks has become a facility of the streets as they provide amenities for streets users which are foods and drinks. They also play a role in making the streets and its surrounding more lively. However, in fact, the existence of street food hawkers actually disturb the main functions of streets and sidewalks. This causes the deprivation of other street users 39 rights. Therefore, street food hawkers should not be placed all on the streets or sidewalks, but also placed in specific place, such as food centers or markets. Street food hawkers only allowed to use the sidewalks with approximately 4 metre or 5 metre width and placed at the corner of sidewalks. Thus, their existence does not disturb the function of public space."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas mengenai motivasi dua pedagang gorengan yang melakukan kecurangan dengan cara menambahkan plastik ke dalam minyak goreng dan bagaimana kedua pedagang gorengan tersebut belajar menambahkan plastik ke dalam minyak goreng. Skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus individu. Peneliti melakukan turun lapan ke daerah PI dan CDK untuk mewawancarai pedagang gorengan yang menambahkan plastik ke dalam minyak goreng. Peneliti juga mewawancarai orang terdekat informan dalam penelitian dan mengobservasi lingkungan sekitar, karena dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan differential association theory. Sehingga penting sekali bagi peneliti untuk melihat bagaimana kondisi latar belakang keluarga, lingkungan saat kecil dan lingkungan saat kedua pedagang gorengan sudah memasuki usia dewasa.

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ABSTRACT

This dissertation discussed the motives of two fritters vendors who are doing a fraudulent act by adding plastic to their oil and how they learn to add plastic to the oil. This dissertation is using a qualitative approach by conducting an individual case study. The Researcher went to PI and CDK to interview fritters vendors who add plastic to the oil. The Researcher also conducts an interview with people close to the interviewee and observing the surrounding environment because this research is using differential association theory. Therefore, it is very important for the Researcher to see his family background, his childhood environment and the environment when both the fritters vendors are entering adult age.

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