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"ABSTRAKPenulisan ini mengkaji pengaruh gender terhadap profesi Public Relations yang di dominasi oleh wanita. Melalui literature review, penulisan ini menyajikan apakah wanita benar-benar mendominasi industri Public Relations secara menyeluruh atau hanya secara jumlah saja. Peran gender dalam penulisan ini menjadi basis pembagian peran dalam profesi Public Relations, serta dampak dari peran gender tersebut, yakni kesenjangan dalam hal pendapatan, kesempatan berkembang, gaya kepemimpinan, citra, serta pelecehan seksual. Posisi praktisi wanita dalam profesi Public Relations dianalisis menggunakan Teori Feminist Standpoint dengan melihat karakter wanita dalam organisasi, terutama dalam hal keterampilan komunikasi.

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ABSTRACT

This article presents the influence of gender towards the Public Relations industry that is female dominated. Through literature reviews, this article presents whether women truly dominate the industry, or only by means of quantity. Gender roles serve as a basis to divide the distribution of roles in the Public Relations profession, along with the impacts of such roles, that is the disparity in salary, opportunity for advancement, leadership style, image, and sexual harassment. The position of women practitioners is analyzed through the Feminist Standpoint Theory, taking into account the characteristic of women in an organization, mainly in communication skills."

"Komunitas adat kerap termarjinalisasi dalam kehidupan bernegara. Hal ini berimplikasi pada pengabaian hak-hak komunitas adat terhadap hutan adatnya dalam praktik pembangunan dengan pandangan modernisasi yang diturunkan oleh pemerintah. Secara khusus penelitian ini berbicara tentang hak Kasepuhan Cisitu untuk melakukan kegiatan penambangan emas skala kecil (PESK) di Blok Cikidang yang berada di dalam hutan adatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan asumsi-asumsi teoritis dari teori standpoint yang melihat bahwa semua pengetahuan terletak dalam suatu lokasi sosial dan terdapat lokasi sosial yang lebih baik untuk dijadikan titik awal produksi pengetahuan. Pengetahuan tersebut dipahami berdasarkan pengalaman serta pemaknaan individu yang menempati lokasi sosial tersebut. Alhasil, penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi pengalaman komunitas adat Kasepuhan Cisitu dalam kegiatan PESK dalam kaitannya dengan praktik pembangunan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan strategi penelitian fenomenologi dan paradigma kritis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat upaya pemerintah untuk memaksakan pandangan tentang kepemilikan hutan yang dikontestasikan oleh komunitas adat Cisitu melalui upaya menempuh jalur hukum untuk mendapat pengakuan dan izin tambang dari pemerintah, keputusan untuk tetap melakukan kegiatan PESK terlepas dari pelarangan yang ada, serta tidak menjadikan pandangan tersebut sebagai kacamata utama dalam memaknai kegiatannya.

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Indigenous communities are often marginalized in state life. This condition neglects the rights of indigenous communities to their customary forests in development practices that have modernization view passed down by the government. Specifically, this research talks about Kasepuhan Cisitus right to carry out small-scale gold mining activities in the Cikidang Block, which is located in their customary forest area. This research uses theoretical assumptions approach from standpoint theory that sees that all knowledge is socially located and that there is a better social location to be the starting point of knowledge production. This knowledge is explored based on the experiences and meanings of individuals who occupy this social location. Hence, this research will examine the experiences of Kasepuhan Cisitus small scale gold mining activities concerning existing development practices. This research uses a phenomenological research strategy and a critical paradigm. This study found that there was an attempt by the government to impose a view on forest ownership. However, that was contested by the Cisitu indigenous community through efforts to take legal action to obtain recognition and mining license from the government, by the decision to continue conducting small scale gold mining activities regardless of the prohibition, and by not making that view as the primary lens in interpreting it.

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"Modernisasi dan westernisasi yang terjadi secara masif pada masa awal Korea menyebabkan banyaknya wacana barat terinstitusi dan diimplementasi ke dalam sistemnya. Konsep feminisme, keadilan, dan kesetaraan atas hak-hak perempuan di Korea belum menjadi dikursus aktif hingga tahun 1993. Prinsip Konfusianisme yang menjadi akar dari nilai dan tradisi Korea dianggap mengopresi dan membatasi ruang gerak perempuan, sehingga menyebabkan perempuan Korea memulai perlawanannya melalui aktivisme sosial untuk menuntut hak-hak dasarnya. Menggunakan metode kritik epistemologi feminis, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelaah pengaruh pemikiran barat terhadap konseptualisasi dan praktik Konsep Feminisme dalam masyarakat Konfusianisme Korea dan juga perkembangannya pada era kontemporer ini. Didukung dengan teori stand point serta interseksionalitas, peneliti menemukan bahwa aktivisme perempuan di Korea hingga saat ini memancarkan retorika feminis-radikal dengan perjuangan kelas dan sedikit isu gender di dalamnya. Perbedaan budaya yang kontras juga menyebabkan kontradiksi yang kompleks dan rumit hadir dalam feminisme kontemporer Korea.

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Modernization and westernization that occurred massively in the early days of Korea cause many western discourses to be institutionalized and implemented into its system. The concept of feminism, justice, and equality for women’s rights in Korea did not become an active discourse until 1993. The Confucian principles which are the roots of Korean values and traditions are considered to suppress and limit women’s movement, causing Korean women to start their resistance through social activism to claim their basic rights. Using the method of criticism of feminist epistemology, this research was conducted to examine the influence of western thought on the conceptualization and practice of the concept of feminism in Korean Confucian society and also its development in the contemporary era. Supported by Standpoint Theory by Sandra Harding and Kimberlé Crenshaw’s intersectionality concept, the author found that women’s activism in Korea exudes radical-feminist rhetoric with class struggle and gender issues in it. The contrasting cultural differences also lead to complex and complicated contradictions present in contemporary Korean Feminism."

"This book explores how Indonesia is imagined differently by young people in the three cities of Jakarta, Kupang and Banda Aceh. Throughout the course of Indonesia’s colonial and postcolonial history, Jakarta, the capital, has always occupied a central position, while Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara and Banda Aceh in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam are located at the peripheries. The book analyses the convergences and divergences in how the country is perceived from these different vantage points, and the implications for Indonesia, also providing a new perspective to the classic and contemporary theories of the nation. By examining the heterogeneity of the imaginings of the nation ‘from below’, it moves away from the tendency to focus on the homogeneity of the nation, found in the classic theories such as Anderson’s and Gellner’s, as well as in more recent theories on every day and banal nationalism. Using the tenets of standpoint theory and Laclau and Mouffe’s theory of hegemony, the nation is acknowledged as an empty signifier that means different things depending on the positionality of the perceiving subject. The work appeals to scholars of nation studies and Asian and Indonesian studies, as well those interested in the empirical grounding of poststructuralist theories."