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"The topics addressed in this proceedings volume include active brazing (an area of increasing R&D interest); conventional brazing an soldering alloys; wetting and fundamental properties studies; modeling and mechanical analysis and/or characterization; and process technology. All of the papers in this volume have been editorially reviewed. Both the hardcopy and CD contain an author s index for easy reference, and the CD volume is fully searchable by keyword."

"If you work with soldering processes or soldered components, Principles of Soldering will help you understand and solve practical engineering challenges. Clearly written and well referenced, this book takes you from the fundamental characteristics of solders, fluxes, and joining environments to the impact these have in the selection and successful use of soldering processes. Priority is given to the fundamental principles that underlie this field of technology rather than recipes for making joints. Striking a balance between being unduly simplistic or overly mathematical in their approach, the authors provide the critical analysis that is missing from much of the literature on soldering. An entire section is devoted to the difficult art of fluxless soldering and includes strategies for devising successful processes. The final chapter is devoted to recent advances in soldering technology and covers a variety of topics including lead-free solders, flip-chip interconnection, diffusion soldering, amalgams as solders, composite solders and other hot areas of research. Containing approximately 200 figures and 60 tables, this book updates and greatly expands the soldering content in the book Principles of Soldering and Brazing (1993) by the same authors. A companion volume, Principles of Brazing, is in development."

"Untuk mernenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan pelanggan, suatu produk barus berkualitas, murab dan cepat didapat (on time delivery). Bila hal tersebut dipenuhi maka suatu produk mempunyai daya saing yang tinggi (competitive). Oleh sebab itu kondisi mesin dan peralatan yang andal (reliability) dan mudab diperbaiki (maintainability) serta ketersediaan mesin dan peralatan (availability) sangat diperlukan, Kondisi mesin dan peraiatan yang andal dan rnudah diperbaiki memerlukan manajernen pemeliharaan (maintenance management) yang baik. Manajemen pemeliharaan adalah suatu rangkaian aktivitas untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kelja dengan menggunakan seluruh aspek pada pabrik, dad survey, research, design, manufacturing dan penginstalan pada suatu pabrik. sampai pada operasi dan pemellharaan dan lalu mengakhirinya. Untuk mencapai usaha·usaha manajemen pemeliharaan diperlukan penanganan yang serius dan tercncana terhadap peralatan dan mesin. Usaha-usaba tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan productive maintenance. Kegiatan productive maintenance meliputi maintenance prevention preventive maintenance, breakdown maintenance dan corrective maintenance. Semuanya harus dijalankan karena mengarah kepada usaha pemeliharaan dan perbaikan. Disamping itu perlu adanya pengorganisasian yang baik dari sistem manajemen pemeliharaan. Dalam suatu organisasi pemeHharaan haruslah ditetapkan suatu bentuk organisasi yang cocok akan kebutuhan suatu pabrik. Hal ini untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan mesin dan koorrlinasi atasan terhadap bawahan. Penerapan sistem manajemen pemeHharan yang baik seperti penerapan standar-standar, perencanaan keija dan pencatatannya, serta penentuan biaya pemeliharaan mendorong terlaksananya suatu penanganan yang serius. Pada proses aulomatic cutting and soldering merupakan salah satu contoh penerapan manajemen pemeliharaan. Penanganan yang tidak serius dan terencana dapat dilihat dari kondisi mesin dan pera!atan serta basil produksi."

"In this study, H13 tool steel and Cr-Mo-V steel were treated by two different types of surface treatments, i.e. double shot peening with nitriding and single shot peening. Samples were dipped into the molten aluminum alloy ADC12 as a simulation of the die casting process and held there for 0.5, 5, and 30 minutes. Several characteristics were analyzed, including surface hardness, microstructure observation, and identification of elements on the intermetallic layer formed. The results of the research showed that H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding had higher surface hardness (1402 VHN) than when treated by shot peening only (536 VHN). A similar tendency emerged with the Cr-Mo-V steel, which had 1402 VHN and 503 VHN after treatment with double shot peening with nitriding and the single shot peening process. In addition, with a dipping time of 30 minutes, the H13 steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a lower average thickness of the compact intermetallic layer. Moreover, double shot peening did not form a broken intermetallic layer, while single shot peening formed one (91.66 µm). Likewise, the Cr-Mo-V steel treated by double shot peening with nitriding produced a thinner compact intermetallic layer than single shot peening, 22.2 µm vs. 27.77 µm, as well as a lower average thickness of the broken intermetallic layer, 40.2 µm vs. 113 µm. This indicates that material treated by double shot peening with nitriding could minimize the occurrence of die soldering."

"Die soldering merupakan salah satu cacat proses pengecoran logam dimana cairan logam melekat pada permukaan baja cetakan. Proses ini merupakan hasil reaksi antar muka antara aluminium cair dengan permukaan cetakan. ADC12 yaitu aluminium dengan kandungan silikon 10% serta baja cetakan SKD 61 merupakan hal yang umum digunakan sebagai cairan logam dan material cetakan pada proses pengecoran tekan (die casting) paduan aluminium. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh temperatur tuang dan penggunaan pelapis zirkonium silikat terhadap pembentukan lapisan intermetalik yang terbentuk selama proses reaksi antar muka pada saat pencelupan. Sampel uji yang digunakan yaitu baja perkakas jenis SKD 61 hasil annealing, yang dicelup pada Al-10%Si dengan variasi temperatur tahan 680oC, 720 oC dan 760 oC pada waktu kontak yang sama, yaitu 30 menit. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Micro Hardness Test, dan Optical Emission Spectrometers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua lapisan intermetalik terbentuk pada permukaan baja perkakas SKD 61 yakni compact intermetallic layer dan broken + floating intermetallic layer Peningkatan temperatur tuang pada proses pencelupan baja perkakas SKD 61 pada paduan Al-10%Si meningkatkan kekerasan mikro secara linear, dimana kekerasan compact layer dan broken + floating layer pada temperatur 680oC adalah 316,94 VHN dan 202,3 VHN pada temperature 720oC 358,1 dan 228,63 VHN pada 760oC adalah 424,24 VHN dan 235,77 VHN. Semakin tinggi kadar Fe maka kekerasan intermetalik akan semakin meningkat. Peningkatan kadar Fe berakibat pembentukan partikel fasa intermetalik Al-Fe-Si. Sedangkan ketebalan lapisan intermetalik yang terbentuk pada temperatur 680oC sebesar 106,676 μm, pada 720oC mengalami peningkatan menjadi 108,249 μm, kemudian mengalami penurunan yang signifikan pada temperatur 760oC menjadi 86,413 μm. Kekerasan dan ketebalan lapisan intermetalik yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan pelekatan antara cetakan dan paduan aluminium menjadi lebih kuat sehingga menyebabkan die soldering.

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Die soldering is a metal casting process defect where the molten metal adheres to the surface of the steel mold. This process is the result of an interfacial reaction between molten aluminum and the mold surface. ADC12, which is aluminum with a silicon content of 10%, and SKD 61 tool steel are commonly used as the molten metal and mold material in the die casting process of aluminum alloys. This study was conducted to analyze the influence of pouring temperature and the use of zirconium silicate coating on the formation of the intermetallic layer that occurs during the interfacial reaction during dipping. The test specimens used were annealed SKD 61 tool steel, which were dipped in Al-10%Si with varying dipping temperatures of 680°C, 720°C, and 760°C for the same contact time of 30 minutes. Characterization was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Micro Hardness Test (MHT), and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES). The results showed that two intermetallic layers were formed on the surface of SKD 61 tool steel, namely compact intermetallic layer and broken + floating intermetallic layer. The increase in pouring temperature in the dipping process of SKD 61 tool steel into Al-10%Si alloy linearly increases the micro hardness. Specifically, the compact layer hardness and broken + floating layer at 680°C are 316.94 VHN and 202.3 VHN, respectively; at 720°C, they are 358.1 VHN and 228.63 VHN; and at 760°C, they are 424.24 VHN and 235.77 VHN. Higher Fe content leads to increased intermetallic hardness. Increasing Fe content results in the formation of Al-Fe-Si intermetallic phase particles. Meanwhile, the thickness of the intermetallic layer formed at 680°C is 106.676 μm, which increases to 108.249 μm at 720°C, and then decreases significantly to 86.413 μm at 760°C. High hardness and thickness of the intermetallic layer can enhance adhesion between the mold and the aluminum alloy, leading to die soldering."

"Die soldering merupakan salah satu cacat proses pengecoran logam dimana cairan logam melekat pada permukaan baja cetakan. Proses ini merupakan hasil reaksi antar muka antara aluminium cair dengan permukaan cetakan. Aluminium dengan kandungan silikon 7 dan 11% serta baja cetakan SDK 61 merupakan hal yang umum digunakan sebagai cairan logam dan material cetakan pada proses pengecoran tekan (die casting) paduan aluminium. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari morfologi dan karakteristik lapisan intermetalik AlxFeySiz yang terbentuk selama proses reaksi antar muka pada saat pencelupan. Sampel uji yang digunakan yaitu baja perkakas jenis SKD 61 hasil annealing, yang dicelup pada Al-7%Si dengan temperatur tahan 680oC dan dicelup pada Al-11%Si dengan temperatur tahan 710oC pada waktu kontak yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 10 menit; 30 menit dan 50 menit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua lapisan intermetalik terbentuk pada permukaan baja perkakas SKD 61 yakni compact intermetallic layer dengan fasa intermetalik AlxFey dan broken intermetallic layer dengan fasa intermetalik AlxFeySiz. Peningkatan waktu kontak pada proses pencelupan baja perkakas SKD 61 baik pada paduan Al-7%Si maupun Al-11%Si akan meningkatkan ketebalan lapisan intermetalik yang terbentuk sampai titik optimum kemudian menurun kembali. Sedangkan nilai kekerasan mikro dalam setiap lapisan intermetalik AlxFeySiz tergantung dari kadar Fe di dalamnya. Semakin meningkat kadar Fe maka kekerasan intermetallik akan semakin meningkat. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan kadar Fe akan berakibat pembentukan partikel fasa intermetalik AlxFeySiz mejadi lebih cepat.

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Effect of Contact Time on Interface Reaction between Aluminum Silicon (7% and 11%) Alloy and Steel Dies SKD 61. Die soldering (die sticking) is a defect of metal casting in which molten metal ?welds? to the metallic die mold surface during casting process. Die soldering is the result of an interface reaction between the molten aluminum and the die material. Aluminum alloy with 7 and 11% silicon and SKD 61 die steel are the most common melt and die material used in aluminum die casting. This research is done to study the morphology and the characteristics of the formed AlxFeySiz intermetallic layer during interface reaction at dipping test. The samples of as-anneal SKD 61 tool steel was dipped into the molten of Al-7%Si held at temperature 680oC and into molten Al-11%Si held at temperature 710oC with the different contact time of 10 minutes; 30 minutes; and 50 minutes.

The research results showed that the interface reaction can form a compact intermetallic layer with AlxFey phase and a broken intermetallic layer with AlxFeySiz phase on the surface of SKD 61 tool steel. The increasing of the contact time by the immersion of material SKD 61 tool steel in both of molten Al-7%Si and Al-11%Si will increase the thickness of the AlxFeySiz intermetallic layer until an optimum point and then decreasing. The micro hardness of the AlxFeySiz intermetallic layer depends on the content of the iron. Increasing of the iron content in intermetallic layer will increase the micro hardness of the AlxFeySiz. This condition happened because the increasing of Fe content will cause forming of intermetallic AlxFeySiz phase becomes quicker."