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"Indonesia has wide palm oil plantation which produce Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) waste around 32 million tons per year. EFB is a potential material for bioethanol through pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation. Fermentation has important role in bioethanol production because this process will convert glucose into ethanol. The most common microorganism used in fermentation process is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. But, the use of S. cerevisiae in bioethanol fermentation using lignocellulosic hydrolysate have a problem that microorganisms cannot grow well. This is due to the presence of inhibitor in the hydrolysate. Solution for this problem is using S. cerevisiae which cultivated on hydrolysate media that will be used in the fermentation (in this case EFB). This research will investigate cultivation of S. cerevisiae on EFB hydrolysate, to obtain the optimum operating conditions such as aeration and nutrients. Fed-batch system is used for cultivation. Optimum condition are determined after analyzing cell number and ethanol yield from dried S. cerevisiae. Optimum condition for cultivation are 1 v/v per min aeration and glucose 5 g/L which produce ethanol yield 24%. We also scale-up the dried yeast into 43.7 g and need a cost Rp 19,958/g which is more expensive than commercial yeast."

"Bioetanol muncul sebagai alternatif yang menjanjikan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, karena potensi sumber daya hayati (biomassa) yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Prosesnya sederhana dengan melakukan fermentasi biomassa menggunakan mikroorganisme penghasil etanol, seperti Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hasil kultivasi secara umum kurang memberikan hasil yang memuaskan ketika fermentasi, khususnya pada hidrolisat lignoselulosa. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan kultivasi menggunakan hidrolisat tersebut sehingga ketahanan khamir terhadap inhibitor bertambah. Media yang digunakan adalah hidrolisat tandan kosong sawit karena merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang mudah ditemukan di Indonesia. Kultivasi dilakukan secara batch untuk mendapatkan kondisi aerasi dan nutrisi optimal dengan cara menganalisis konsentrasi sel yang dihasilkan serta uji coba fermentasi etanol S. cerevisiae yang telah dikeringkan. Didapatkan kondisi optimal aerasi 1 v/v per menit dengan penambahan glukosa 5 g/L dengan yield etanol sebanyak 24%. Scale-up produksi didapatkan produk sebanyak 43,7 gram dengan biaya Rp 19.958,00 per gram.

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Bioethanol emerges as a promising alternative to replace fosil-based fuel because of the biomass potency in Indonesia. The process in making it is rather simple, which is by fermenting biomass using ethanol producing microorganisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A problem arises when conventional cultivated S. cerevisiae are used to ferment, especially on hydrolysate from lignocellulosic biomass, where they do not give a satisfying result. This can be solved by cultivating using the same hydrolysate used for fermentation so that the yeast can be more resistant towards inhibitors from the hydrolysate. The medium used is empty fruit bunch since it is easily found in Indonesia. Batch system is used for cultivation to get optimal aeration and nutrition condition by analyzing cell number and ethanol yield from dried S. cerevisiae. Condition of 1 v/v per minute aeration and added glucose 5 g/L with ethanol yield 24% is found to be most effective. Production scale-up resulted to 43,7 gram of dried yeast with cost Rp 19.958,00 per gram."