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"ABSTRACTThe shift from agricultural to industrial and from industrial to knowledge societies has affected the ways famers run their small-scale field activities in Central Thailand. To remain competitive, rice farmers need to continuously incorporate innovations and upgrade their technologies to sustain operations. These innovations and technologies may be seen i practically all aspects of the rice production process-from seed selection to fertilization, from seed raising and growth to irrigation, from crop protection to harvesting, threshing and drying.The study basically aims to explore the plausibility of rice farming villages as "learning organizations" and within these villages, the viability of forming "communities of practice". In so doing, it investigates how the rice farming village under study organizes, shares, moves and gains information on rice farming. The study was conducted in Baan Sap Nom Boon, Nonglue Subdistrict, Muang District, Chainar Province. The study uses a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design. It uses both primary and secondary data and an ethnographic study approach. Research method and techniques consists of review of materials, interview with key persons and farmers in the community, interview with government personnel and field observations. Data generation was conducted from October 2004 to july 205 in Chainat Province, Thailand."

"Di Indonesia, program reforma agraria telah diselenggarakan sejak tahun 1960 melalui Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Meski demikian, gerakan reforma agraria terlihat semakin masif sejak 2015 setelah pemerintah mengeluarkan program pendaftaran tanah sistematis lengkap. Studi ini mengkaji pengaruh perubahan status kepemilikan tanah terhadap produktivitas rumah tangga usaha tani padi di Indonesia, meskipun pengamatan terkait hak atas tanah dilakukan sebelum adanya program reforma agraria secara masif pada tahun 2015. Menggunakan metode two periode difference-in-differences (DID), penelitian ini menganalisis status kepemilikan tanah 686 rumah tangga usaha tani padi dalam survei longitudinal IFLS gelombang keempat (2007) dan kelima (2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam produktivitas usaha tani padi akibat perubahan status kepemilikan lahan dari weak land ownership menjadi strong land ownership atau legal pada rumah tangga petani padi di Indonesia. Setidaknya ada empat alasan yang diindikasikan menjadi penjelasan, pertama, kurang berkembangnya pasar tenaga kerja pertanian di Indonesia; kedua, pasar kredit usaha tani padi rendah; ketiga, lambatnya mekanisasi pertanian padi di Indonesia; dan keempat, transferabilitas aset tanah. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah setidaknya perlu meningkatkan aksesibilitas kredit formal dan mengintervensi langsung faktor produksi pertanian dengan memberikan hibah dan subsidi berupa bibit padi berkualitas, mekanisasi alat pertanian, dan perbaikan sarana irigasi.

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In Indonesia, the agrarian reform program has been organized since 1960 through Basic Agrarian Law Act. Nonetheless, agrarian reform movement looks more massive since 2015 after the government issue a complete systematic land registration program. This study examines the effect of changes in land ownership status on household productivity of rice farming in Indonesia, although the observations regarding land titling were held prior to the existence of the massive program of agrarian reform in 2015. Using the two-period difference-difference (DiD), this study analyzed the land ownership status of 686 rice farming households in the IFLS longitudinal survey in the fourth (2007) and fifth (2014) waves. The results show that there is no significant difference in the productivity of rice farming due to changes in land ownership status from weak land ownerhisp to strong or legal land ownership in rice farming households in Indonesia. There are at least four reasons that are indicated to be explanations, first, the underdeveloped agricultural labor market in Indonesia; second, the credit market for rice farming is low; third, the slow mechanization of paddy farming in Indonesia; and fourth, transferability of land assets. Therefore, the government at least needs to increase the accessibility of formal credit access and intervene directly in agricultural production factors by providing grants and subsidies in the form of quality rice seeds, agricultural mechanization tools, and improving irrigation facilities."

"ABSTRAKSektor pertanian mengonsumsi 70% air Indonesia, terutama dari komoditas padi. Pertanian organik dapat menjadi alternatif efisiensi air. Riset ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian jejak air komoditas padi organik yang meliputi perhitungan jejak air (operasional dan rantai pasok), valuasi ekonomi, analisis keberlanjutan multidimensi, hingga perumusan strategi dengan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan perhitungan jejak air, pertanian padi organik dapat menghemat 52,8% jejak air karena eliminasi jejak air abu-abu dari bahan kimia berbahaya. Sementara itu, status keberlanjutan tergolong sangat berkelanjutan untuk dimensi lingkungan, cukup berkelanjutan untuk dimensi sosial, namun dimensi sosial dinilai kurang berkelanjutan karena tidak tersedianya pasar bagi komoditas padi organik. Harga jual yang lebih tinggi dan biaya produksi yang relatif rendah menyebabkan valuasi ekonomi pertanian padi organik lebih tinggi dibandingkan pertanian padi konvensional, sehingga harga padi organik dapat ditekan. Rumah Mikroorganisme Lokal sebagai konsep pemberdayaan komunitas sosial menjadi strategi berbasis turn around yang ditawarkan untuk mengoptimalkan pertanian organik dalam perwujudan pertanian berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACTAgricultural sector takes up to 70% to Indonesia water consumption, with rice as the highest. Organic farming comes up as an alternative for water efficiency. This research aims to assess water footprint of organic rice commodity, covering water footprint calculation (operational and supply chain), economic valuation, multidimensional sustainability analysis, and strategy conceptualization through SWOT analysis. According to water footprint calculation, organic rice farming saves 52.8% of water footprint due to elimination of gray water footprint as water polluted due to dangerous chemical used. Meanwhile, sustainability status is categorized as very sustainable for environment, fairly sustainable for social, meanwhile the economic is still less sustainable due to the limitation in market availability of organic rice. The higher selling price and lower production cost make the economic valuation of organic rice farming higher than the conventional. Therefore, the organic rice selling price should be lowered. Rumah Mikroorganisme Lokal as a concept of social community engagement is developed as turn around based strategy to optimize organic farming in achieving sustainable agriculture."