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"With an increasing population, the effects of climate change and limited water resources, water reuse is an option that must be explored in order to reduce the high water stress in Indonesia. This study aims to identify enablers of, barriers to, and opportunities for early adopters of water recycling in the business sector of the Greater Jakarta region of Indonesia, and to highlight the possibilities of its wider implementation in order to reduce water stress. Semi-structured interviews, desk reviews, and observations were conducted with eight enterprises. Most respondents demonstrated that their main purpose for recycling water is to reduce costs. Recycled water was mostly used where there are minimal possibilities of direct contact with people to reduce the impact of social barriers. While the absence of a clear legal framework was identified as another barrier to water recycling implementation, this can also serve as an enabler. The decrease in raw water quality makes water recycling a cost-effective solution. Considering all findings, water recycling in Indonesia has great potential to be more widely applied and to be supported by related stakeholders."

"Terbatasnya penyediaan air di Jakarta khususnya untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air dikawasan Industri Pulogadung mengharuskan pengelola kawasan mulai memikirkan langkah-langkah untuk memastikan ketersediaan air bagi kelangsungan proses di Industri. Salah satu langkah yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengolah air buangan menjadi air daur ulang. Untuk mengolah air buangan diperlukan data karakteristik air buangan baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya sehingga dapat disusun skenario pengolahan dan pemakaian air daur ulang. Proses pengolahan air buangan terdiri dari pretreatment, pengolahan primer dan pengolahan lanjutan. Tiga skenario pengolahan dan pemakaian air daur ulang yang digunakan adalah pemakaian air untuk kebutuhan domestik nonpotable, pengolahan air lanjutan menggunakan teknologi ultrafiltrasi dan pengolahan air lanjutan menggunakan teknologi trickling filter. Hasil perhitungan desain skenario 1 untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air domestik nonpotable dengan baku mutu U.S. EPA kekeruhan ≤ 2 NTU dan BOD≤ 10 mg/l didapat hasil kekeruhan 1.4 NTU dan BOD = 7.1 mg/l dengan debit air 12122.8 m3 /hari pada debit desain harian maksimum dan 4180.3 m3 /hari pada debit desain harian rata-rata, hasil perhitungan desain skenario 2 untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan air di kawasan industri Pulogadung menggunakan baku mutu air kelas 1 PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 dengan kandungan TSS = 50 mg/l, BOD = 2 mg/l dan COD = 10 mg/l didapat hasil kandungan TSS = 0.1 mg/l, BOD = 0.9 mg/l dan COD = 3.5 mg/l dengan debit air 8486 m3 /hari pada debit design harian maksimum dan 2926.2 m3 /hari pada debit desain harian ratarata sedangkan skenario 3 tidak dapat diterapkan karena perhitungan desain organic loading rate tidak memenuhi kriteria. Dari hasil analisa biaya, skenario 1 pengolahan dan pemakaian air untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik nonpotable menjadi pilihan utama dalam penelitian ini

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Lack of water supply in Jakarta especially for water supply in Pulogadung Industrial estate makes area manager begin to think about how to ensure the availability of water for industrial used. One step that can be done is treat wastewater into recycle water. To treat wastewater, effluent characteristics data both quality and quantity needed for arrange water usage and treatment scenario. Water treatment process consist of pretreatment, primary treatment and advanced treatment. Three scenarios processing and use recycle water are the use of water for nonpotable domestic needs, advanced water treatment using ultrafiltration technology and advanced water treatment with trickling filter technology. Result of design calculation scenario 1 to meet the needs of domestic nonpotable water with water quality standard U.S. EPA turbidity ≤ 2 NTU and BOD≤ 10 mg/l obtained result turbidity 1.4 NTU and BOD = 7.1 mg/l at 12122.8 m3 /day maximum daily flow design and at 4180.3 m3 /day average daily flow design, result of design calculation scenario 2 for Pulogadung Industrial estate water used with water quality standard class 1 PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 with TSS = 50 mg/l, BOD = 2 mg/l and COD = 10 mg/l obtained result TSS = 0.1 mg/l, BOD = 0.9 mg/l and COD = 3.5 mg/l at 8486 m3 /day maximum daily flow design and at 2926.2 m3 /day average daily flow design, scenario 3 can’t be applied because design calculation organic loading rate didn’t meet the criteria. From cost analysis, scenario 1 water usage for domestic nonpotable used become the first choice in this study."

"CNOOC SES Ltd. yang merupakan perusahaan minyak lepas pantai dengan pusat produksi di Pulau Pabelokan, Kepulauan Seribu memanfaatkan desalinasi air laut sebagai sumber air bersih dengan teknologi reverse osmosis. Peningkatan kebutuhan air secara pesat dan penurunan kualitas sumber menuntut adanya usaha untuk mendukung penyediaan air bersih yang berkelanjutan dan salah satunya adalah dengan daur ulang air limbah domestik. Alternatif ini dapat menjadi pemenuhan kebutuhan air di lokasi tersebut untuk mensubstitusi penggunaan air laut dengan tujuan mencegah pencemaran, konservasi air serta menghemat biaya pengolahan. Dari neraca air diperoleh masing-masing konsumsi sebesar 59,3 m3/hari, 144 m3/hari, dan 34,3 m3/hari. Dari hasil pemeriksaan di laboratorium diperoleh kulitas efluen IPAL eksisting untuk beberapa parameter seperti BOD5 21,0 mg/l; TDS 243 mg/l; TSS 12,3 mg/l; COD 42,5 mg/l; amonia 6,87 mg/l dan fecal coliform lebih dari 1600 MPN/100 ml. Beberapa potensi daur ulang limbah cair domestik di Pulau Pabelokan diantaranya untuk penggelontoran toilet, penyiraman taman, serta tower pendingin (cooling tower). Target kualitas air daur ulang mengacu pada kualitas air kelas dua berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001, sehingga parameter yang harus diturunkan adalah BOD5, COD dan amonia. Untuk mencapai target kualitas tersebut dibutuhkan pengolahan lanjutan sebagai pengolahan daur ulang dengan alternatif unit ultrafiltrasi dan reverse osmosis. Berdasarkan metode pembobotan dengan aspek teknis dan biaya unit yang dipilih adalah ultrafiltrasi dengan pretreatment filter karbon aktif serta ultraviolet sebagai unit disinfeksi.

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CNOOC SES Ltd, which is an offshore oil company with production center location in Pabelokan Island, uses seawater as the source of clean water by desalination water using reverse osmosis technology. The rapid increase in water demand and water resource degradation require efforts to support sustainable provision of clean water and one of them is domestic waste water reuse. Water reuse is an alternative to provide the water needs to substitute the use of sea water in order to prevent pollution, water conservation and save on processing costs. Effluent wastewater qualities from laboratory tests for several parameters such as BOD5 is 21,0 mg/l; TDS is 242 mg/l; TSS is 12,3 mg/l; COD is 42,5 mg/l; ammonia is 6,87 mg/l; and fecal coliform is over 1600 MPN/ 100 ml. The potential of water reuse in Pabelokan Island are for toilets flushing, gardens watering, and cooling water. Consumptions of water reuse obtained from water balance are 59,3 m3/day, 144 m3/day, and 34,3 m3/day. The quality target of water reuse refers to water quality class two based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, so the parameter should be derived are BOD5, COD and ammonia. Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are tertiary treatments alternatives used as water reuse treatment. Weighting parameter consists of technical and cost aspects, the unit chosen as water reuse treatment is ultrafiltration with activated carbon filter as pretreatment and ultraviolet as disinfection."