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"In the aftermath of the Second World War, both the allied occupying powers and the nascent German authorities sought Germans whose record during the war and the Nazi period could serve as a counterpoint to the notion of Germans as evil. That search has never really stopped. In the past few years, we have witnessed a burgeoning of cultural representations of this "other" kind of Third Reich citizen - the "good German" - as opposed to the committed Nazi or genocidal maniac. Such representations have highlighted individuals' choices in favor of dissenting behavior, moral truth, or at the very least civil disobedience. The "good German's" counterhegemonic practice cannot negate or contradict the barbaric reality of Hitler's Germany, but reflects a value system based on humanity and an "other" ideal community. This volume of new essays explores postwar and recent representations of "good Germans" during the Third Reich, analyzing the logic of moral behavior, cultural and moral relativism, and social conformity found in them. It thus draws together discussions of the function and reception of "Good Germans" in Germany and abroad. Contributors: Eoin Bourke, Manuel Bragança, Maeve Cooke, Kevin De Ornellas, Sabine Egger, Joachim Fischer, Coman Hamilton, Jon Hughes, Karina von Lindeiner-Strásky, Alexandra Ludewig, Pól O Dochartaigh, Christiane Schönfeld, Matthias Uecker. Pól O Dochartaigh is Professor of German and Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ulster, Northern Ireland. Christiane Schönfeld is Senior Lecturer in German and Head of the Department of German Studies at Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick."

"This study examines previously unexplored visual representations of the natural world published in Pandji Masjarakat magazine in 1960. Known at the time as the most popular Islamic magazine in Indonesia, this publication not only discussed Islamic teachings as hitherto understood, but also provided ample space for the publication of drawings, paintings, and photographs of the natural world. This study argues that the visualizations of the natural world in Pandji Masjarakat were aimed at providing its Muslim readers all over Indonesia and in the wider Malay world with guidance on how to see the natural world and people’s place in it in proper perspective, namely beautiful nature is Allah’s creation and people are welcome to use it taking full responsibility and expressing proper gratitude for it. This study sheds light on the changing attitude of Muslims to the portrayal of living things by presenting how progressive Muslims represented the natural world visually amid the throes of the rapid physical development in increasingly modernized Indonesia."

"This book is divided into three main sections, each based on the general class of representations being discussed. Part I develops linear and circular unidimensional and multidimensional scaling using the city-block metric as the major representational device. Part II discusses characterizations based on various graph-theoretic tree structures, specifically those referred to as ultrametrics and additive trees. Part III uses representations defined solely by order properties, particularly emphasizing what are called (strongly) anti-Robinson forms."

"Orientalisme adalah sebuah evaluasi terhadap teks-teks Barat yang selalu menggambarkan budaya ketimuran sebagai inferior dan menggambarkan Timur secara klise dan dalam stereotip tertentu. Penelitian ini mengamati representasi Orientalisme yang digambarkan dalam film Bicycle Bride (2010) dan film The Big Sick (2017). Analisis ini menggunakan kerangka teoretis Orientalisme yang dikemukakan oleh Edward Said (1978) dengan meneliti representasi orang Asia Selatan dan Kaukasia dalam dua film ini. Pendekatan teoritis dari penelitian ini berkonsentrasi pada analisis tekstual yang berfokus pada karakter dan narasi verbal. Selain itu, makalah ini juga mempertimbangkan aspek non-narasi, seperti visual dan audio, terutama bagaimana mereka menggambarkan diskriminasi perempuan Asia Selatan. Temuan pada makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam dua film ini, masyarakat Timur digambarkan sebagai kuno, tidak rasional, kurang memiliki rasa individualitas, dan tidak mau belajar dan tumbuh melalui adaptasi bahasa lokal. Sementara itu, orang-orang Barat digambarkan sebagai orang yang baik hati, dan penyelamat dengan menghadirkan orang-orang Asia Selatan sebagai orang yang mempunyai budaya dan sosial yang kurang dan tidak memiliki agensi untuk mengatasi situasi mereka yang terpinggirkan.

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Orientalism is an evaluation of Western texts that have always represented the East as an inferior other and constructs the East by giving stereotypical images and clichés. This paper observes the representation of Orientalism depicted in Bicycle Bride (2010) and The Big Sick (2017). The analysis is done within the theoretical framework of Orientalism proposed by Edward Said (1978) by examining the representations of South Asians and Caucasians in these two movies. The theoretical approach of this study concentrates on textual analysis focusing on the characters and verbal narratives. Moreover, this paper also takes into account the non-narrative aspects, such as visual and audio, especially how they portray the discrimination of South Asian women. The findings suggest that in these two movies, the orients are being portrayed as old fashioned, irrational, lacking all sense of individuality, and not willing to learn and grow through adaptation of the local language. Meanwhile, the Westerns are portrayed as good-natured, and saviors by presenting South Asians as cultural and socially deficient and lacking the agency to overcome their marginalized situations."

"Literary and epigraphic references to the figure of pañji in Old Javanese texts are analysed, and contextualised with much better known references to the figure of Pañji in Middle Javanese texts. A hypothesis is offered that Old Javanese term pañji is best rendered as 'court-name’. It is argued that young boys from elite families obtained their familiar court-name (pañji) at the very onset of their career at the court, where they served as pages and attendants of the royal family. They were also trained in arms, religious lore, and arts. Being since their childhood close to the king, they were trusted persons, and some of them made careers as high-ranking court officials, such as Dəmung or Kanuruhan. Others, denoted ācārya, were trained as 'masters of divine weapons’, Tantric ritual specialists, who were in charge of the so-called 'divine weaponry’ (diwyāstra), mantra-infused ordinary weapons, an arsenal well-known in Old and Middle Javanese texts. Vestiges of this ritual lore have survived in Java until modern times."

"Since antiquity, representation (henceforth: RPT) has been a fundamental concept in aesthetics and semiotics. It has also been a crucial concept in political theory, forming the basics of representational theories of sovereignty, legislative authority and relations of individuals to the state (Lenthriccia, 1990, 11-13).In contemporary theories of RPT, both definitions have intersected. Relationship between language & politics is crucial to much contemporary works on RPT. Recent criticism also focuses on the links between texts and power. All RPTs have, either explicitly or implicitly, a political content. (Childers, 1995: 260-261).RPT has also been an issue of importance for post colonialists and feminists. RPT is an area of contestation between the dominant and the dominated (Ascroft, 1995: 85-87). Hall (1990: 222-237) problematises the concept and relates it to (cultural) identity and speaking position. According to Hall. (cultural) identity is a process, always constituted within RPT, which in turn, produced from a particular speaking position-a particular time and place. van Toorn (1995:1-12) distinguishes two kinds of speaking-position, those are fixed unitary-speaking position and postmodern speaking-position.RPT is a relevant issue in a multicultural and a settlers' community like Australia. The fact that Australia has over a hundred ethnic groups as its population and that since 1973, multiculturalism has been launched to manage migrants' population, does not automatically increase the participation of non-Anglo-Celtic (women) immigrants in political, economic or even in social and cultural arenas. Non-Anglo-Celtic women (henceforth: NAC women) immigrants are still doubly-marginalized. They are invisible and hardly represented in the dominant Anglo-Celtic discourse. They are marginalized in the dominant women's anthologies or also in their own ethnic's (male's) anthologies. When represented, they are -represented stereotypically as the Other, problem, victim or as a threat. And yet, they had contributed quite significantly in the development of (public) services and in manufacturing industry. They also have their own share in promoting Australia as a multicultural society through their cuisine, costume, dancing and other cultural artifacts.However, since the 1970s, the situation has changed gradually with the increasing quantity and quality of multicultural women writers articulating their own (migrant) experiences. In this study, I use the term 'multicultural women-texts' for all kinds of cultural expressions produce} by the NAC women. those are writers or cultural producers coming from outside British, Irish and indigenous backgrounds. The term `multicultural texts' has more positive connotation than migrants' atau ethnic (minority) writings. The term 'ethnic' or 'migrant' is problematic as it has always been associated with socio-historical writings which has no cultural capital and thus, classified as popular or marginal writings. Sneja Gunew is highly critical and suggests that the term should be deconstructed. Therefore, this study uses the term 'multicultural women-texts'.This study on "the politics of representations in multicultural women's discourse in Australia" is therefore based on the following reasons: (i) study about RPT has not iniated in Indonesia and yet, it is an important topic which has gained currency in Australia, (ii) the study on gender and ethnicity is relevant for our national context as Indonesia is multi-ethnic and is still in the process of developing gender-awareness across sectors.The questions formulated in my study are: (i) how are the stereotipic-RPTs on NAG women immigrants constructed through the dominant texts, popular novel They're a Weird Mob (henceforth:TWM), images from Immigrants in Focus (henceforth: IMF) and from For Love or Money (henceforth:FLM), Pauline Hanson's Maiden Speech(henceforth: PI-I) and through the multicultural women-texts, confession Give Me Strength(henceforth: GMS) and film Silver-City (henceforth: SC), (ii) how both experimental and transgressive multicultural women-texts Oh Lucky Country (henceforth:OLC) and Red Roses (henceforth: RR) re-construct alternative RPT which in turn, interrogate the previous stereotypic RPT of NAC women immigrants, constructed through the above six texts.Therefore, the purposes of the study are (i) to identify and to formulate the stereotypic RPTs of NAC women immigrants through the dominant Anglo-Celtic texts, TWM, IMF, FLM, PH and through multicultural women-texts, GMS and SC, (ii) to elaborate how transgressive multicultural women-texts, OLC and RR deconstruct the stereotipic RPT of NAC women and thus, re-construct the alternative RPTof an independent, assertive and sexually-liberated persona in OLC and of a feminin and cosmopolitan persona in RR.The fact that multicultural women-texts is still considered as marginal and the fact that this study uses different kinds of cultural products-popular novel, parliamentary speech, images, confession, film and highly experimental novels, it inevitably makes Cultural Studies (henceforth: CS) as the most-appropriate approach. Because (I) CS does not distinguish high culture from low culture, (ii) CS has developed interests in marginal groups; women, ethnic-minorities, black and so forth (During:1994, 2-20), which fits in with the topic of the study, (iii) CS regards all texts or discourses as politically and ideologically, rather than aesthetically, positioned (Storey, 1996:2) and hence, it would be instrumental for exposing the hegemonic practices of the Anglo-Celtic, discourse and consequently, for empowering the multicultural women-texts.Assuming that there are stereotipic RPT on NAC women immigrants, this study is designed as the following:(i) to identify and formulate the stereotipic RPT of NAC women through the dominant texts-TWM, Pt-I, IF - from which they are excluded and not represented and through FLM, in which they are represented as the Other, problem and victim. In short, they are either, silenced or represented stereotipically as a collective, anonimous, unskilled, domestic and proved to be victimised, in the dominant texts. Multicultural women-texts, GMS and SC, give them voices to `speak up' in the first-person account about their own migrant-experience. ironically both texts (re) represent NAC women immigrants as the Other, problem, victim and threat of their own (ethnic) patriarchy.The NAC women are represented as being doublymarginalisedlopressed. They are opressed by their own patriarchy which position them as as dependent (mother, wife, daughter, fiancee) and caught up in the domestic-sphere (cooking, washing, sewing, chlild-rearing). They are also represented as controlled and conditioned by the institutions of womanhood (virginity, respectability, innocence), marriage and motherhood (reproduction, child-birth, child-rearing).At the workplace, they are marginalized and work as domestic, seamstress, factory-worker, dress-maker, hairdresser. They are proned to be victimized and sexually abused as occurred to the leading character in SC. However, the NAC women in GMS and SC is finally represented as gaining material-success and stepping up the social-ladder and therefore, they express their gratitude?s for having migrated to Australia. The NAC woman in SC is even represented as having adopted the Australian :".'ay. In short, both texts reinforce the dominant Anglo-Celtic discourse.(ii) to deconstruct the stereotypic RPT and to re-construct the alternative RPT of the NAC women immigrants in both experimental and transgressive multicultural women-texts, OLC dan RR. This study uses two perspectives from CS- gender and ethnicity- to address the problems of stereotypic RPT and to empower the multicultural women-texts.To deconstruct the stereotypic RPT and to re-construct the alternative RPT, this study uses the intersection between feminists' discourse on the body and sexual politics and the discourse on loving ethnicity, adapted from bell hooks' loving blackness (1992: 2-20) to polities the private issues- womanhood, virginity, marriage, motherhood including the `myth' about the passivity of female sexuality-in the public sphere in order to deconstruct the male-chauvinistic Anglo-Celtic discourse and to reconstruct the NAG women in OLC as an independent, assertive, radical, sexually-liberated persona. The NAC women are not domesticated but represented as leading a public life and rejecting the concept of womanhood, virginity, marriage and motherhood.To deconstruct the stereotipic RPT in the previous texts and to reconstruct an alternative RPT on NAC women in RR, this study uses the feminists' discourse on female desire (Coward, 1984). This study examines how RR deconstructs the RPTs of NAC women as the Other, problem, victim, threat or as the authentic ethnic other (TWM, PH, 1F, FLM, GMS, SC) and also as a radical and sexually-liberated persona (OLC) in order to reconstruct the NAG woman subject as a feminin and cosmopolitan persona.Using female desire, this study analyses that the NAC woman subject in RR uses consumer culture to sustain themselves- with cosmetics, perfume, fashion, food, exercises and other consumer-products of lifestyles-and to reconstruct a multiple identities- as a pilot, doctor, cabaret-singer, ballerina and so forth. The NAC woman moves in both private and public spheres and celebrates `womanhood', 'motherhood', cooking, fashion and other activities previously condemned by feminists. The NAC woman subject is also not caught up in conflict with the dominant Anglo-Celtics.Summarizing the findings, this study identifies a couple of points to be raised. First, RPT is an important concept which could be politised for controlling/marginalizing or for empowering the represented object. Second, NAC women experiences are diverse, not unified. Third. 'gender and ethnicity' are instrumental for dismantling both the Angle and non-Anglo-celtic patriarchy and hence, for promoting the diversity of women-experiences.This study on gender and ethnicity is relevant for our national context as Indonesia is a multi-ethnic society which is in the process of developing gender-awareness across the board. Double-marginalization faced by the NAC women in Australia is parallel with the othering of ethnic-minority women in Indonesia from Arab, Chinese, Indo-Dutch descents and others). The mass rape of Indonesian-Chinese women in May 1998 and the sexual violence suffered by Acehnese women are all double-oppression against these ethnic-minority women.Monitoring the current public debate on gender (perspective) in our national context, this study wants to share perceptions and conclusion. First, difference amongst women's constituencies is as important as difference between women and men. It is a primary challenge for Indonesian feminists to manage and to capitalize on the diversity of its constituencies so as not to repeat the hegemonic practices of Western feminism and patriarchy which had homogenized or eliminated the Other. Second, RPT of Indonesian women (and its constituencies) are important to be empowered. Intervention should be made to reconstruct a new alternative RPT of Indonesian women. However, it is crucial to have media with gender-awareness to promote the new empowering RPT of Indonesian women."

"This textbook presents the basics of representation theory for finite groups from the point of view of semisimple algebras and modules over them. The presentation interweaves insights from specific examples with development of general and powerful tools based on the notion of semisimplicity. The elegant ideas of commutant duality are introduced, along with an introduction to representations of unitary groups. The text progresses systematically and the presentation is friendly and inviting. Central concepts are revisited and explored from multiple viewpoints. Exercises at the end of the chapter help reinforce the material."

"Text clustering adalah teknik pengelompokan teks sehingga teks di dalam kelompok yang sama memiliki tingkat similaritas yang lebih tinggi satu sama lain dibandingkan dengan teks pada kelompok yang berbeda. Proses pengelompokkan teks secara manual membutuhkan waktu dan sumber daya yang banyak sehingga digunakan machine learning untuk melakukan pengelompokan secara otomatis. Representasi dari teks perlu diekstraksi sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam model machine learning. Metode yang umumnya digunakan untuk mengekstraksi representasi data teks adalah TFIDF. Namun, metode TFIDF memiliki kekurangan yaitu tidak memperhatikan posisi dan konteks penggunaan kata. Model BERT adalah model yang dapat menghasilkan representasi kata yang bergantung pada posisi dan konteks penggunaan suatu kata dalam kalimat. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja model BERT sebagai metode representasi data teks dengan membandingkan model BERT dengan TFIDF. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengimplementasikan dan membandingkan kinerja metode ekstraksi dan normalisasi fitur yang berbeda pada representasi teks yang dihasilkan model BERT. Metode ekstraksi fitur yang digunakan adalah max dan mean pooling. Sementara itu, metode normalisasi fitur yang digunakan adalah identity, layer, standard, dan min-max normalization. Representasi teks yang diperoleh dimasukkan ke dalam 4 algoritma clustering berbeda, yaitu k-means clustering, eigenspace-based fuzzy c-means, deep embedded clustering, dan improved deep embedded clustering. Kinerja representasi teks dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metrik clustering accuracy, normalized mutual information, dan adjusted rand index. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan representasi data teks yang dihasilkan model BERT mampu mengungguli representasi yang dihasilkan TFIDF pada 28 dari 36 metrik. Selain itu, implementasi ekstraksi dan normalisasi fitur yang berbeda pada model BERT memberikan kinerja yang berbeda-beda dan perlu disesuaikan dengan algoritma yang digunakan.

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Text clustering is a task of grouping a set of texts in a way such that text in the same group will be more similar toward each other than to those from different group. The process of grouping text manually requires significant amount of time and labor. Therefore, automation utilizing machine learning is necessary. Text representation needs to be extracted to become the input for machine learning models. The common method used to represent textual data is TFIDF. However, TFIDF cannot consider the position and context of a word in a sentence. BERT model has the capability to produce text representation that incorporate position and context of a word in a sentence. This research analyzed the performance of BERT model as a text representation method by comparing it with TFIDF. Moreover, various feature extraction and normalization methods are also applied in text representation from BERT model. Feature extraction methods used are max and mean pooling. On the other hand, feature normalization methods used are identity, layer, standard, and min-max normalization. Text representation obtained become an input for 4 clustering algorithms, k-means clustering, eigenspace-based fuzzy c-means, deep embedded clustering, and improved deep embedded clustering. Performance of text representations in text clustering are evaluated utilizing clustering accuracy, normalized mutual information, and adjusted rand index. Simulation results showed that text representation obtained from BERT model outperforms representation from TFIDF in 28 out of 36 metrics. Furthermore, different feature extraction and normalization produced varied performances. The usage of these feature extraction and normalization must be altered depending on the text clustering algorithm used."