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"Menurut Kementerian ESDM (2018) sisa cadangan minyak bumi hanya akan cukup untuk 19 tahun, gas bumi untuk 55 tahun dan cadangan batu bara untuk 142 tahun dengan produksi energi Indonesia saat ini. Keterbatasan dari energi tidak terbarukan tersebut menjadi ancaman bagi ketahanan energi Indonesia di sisi lain proporsi dari energi terbarukan masih sangat kecil di bauran energi Indonesia. Potensi dan peluang energi panas bumi harus dimanfaaatkan dengan baik ke depannya karena walaupun memiliki 40% dari total sumber panas bumi dunia, pemanfaatan energi ini masih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di dunia yang memiliki cadangan yang jauh lebih rendah. Rasio kapasitas terpasang Indonesia terhadap cadangan sumber cadangan yang hanya sebesar 6.83%. Tantangan utama dari rendahnya utilisasi panas bumi di Indonesia di antaranya data yang tidak terintegerasi, pembiayaan dan regulasi pemerintah (Fan, 2018). Oleh karena itu penulis akan menganalisis kebijakan terkait panas bumi di beberapa negara yang dapat menjadi contoh dalam pengembangan panas bumi Indonesia ke depannya yaitu Amerika Serikat, Turki dan Filipina untuk realisasi target panas bumi Indonesia ke depannya.

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According to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (2018) the remaining oil reserves will only be enough for 19 years, natural gas for 55 years and coal reserves for 142 years with Indonesia's current energy production. The limitation of non-renewable energy poses a threat to Indonesia's energy security, while the proportion of renewable energy is still very small in Indonesia's energy mix. The potential and opportunities of geothermal energy must be utilized properly in the future because despite having 40% of the total world geothermal resources, the utilization of this energy is still low compared to other countries in the world that have much lower reserves.

The ratio of Indonesia's installed capacity to reserves is only 6.83%. The main challenges of the low utilization of geothermal energy in Indonesia include unintegrated data, financing and government regulations (Fan, 2018). Therefore, the author will analyze geothermal-related policies in several countries that can be an example in the future development of Indonesia's geothermal energy, namely the United States, Turkey and the Philippines for the realization of Indonesia's geothermal targets going forward."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan Indonesia, Thailand, dan Vietnam dalam dekarbonisasi di sektor tenagalistrikan. Pendekatan analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif yang didukung oleh data deskriptif dan membagikan kuesioner kepada tokoh yang ahli di sektor ketenagalistrikan. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan Vietnam merupakan negara yang paling siap dalam dekarbonisasi di sektor ketenagalistrikan dibandingkan dengan Thailand dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini hanya menganalisis terbatas pada tiga negara dan fokus pada lima kriteria saja karena keterbatasan data yang tersedia dan waktu. Kesempatan Indonesia menjadi Presidensi ASEAN pada tahun 2023 diharapkan dapat menjadi potensi bagi Indonesia dalam memimpin untuk memonitoring negara anggota ASEAN megenai bagaimana cara mengatasi hambatan-hambatan untuk dekarbonisasi di sektor ketenagalistrikan.

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This study aims to determine the readiness of Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam in decarbonization in the electricity sector. The analytical approach used is a qualitative analysis supported by descriptive data and a survey of experts in the electricity sector. The results of this study show that Vietnam is the country that is most prepared for decarbonization in the electricity sector compared to Thailand and Indonesia. This study only analyzes limited to three countries and focuses on five criteria only because of the limited data available and time. Indonesia's opportunity to become the ASEAN Presidency in 2023 is expected to be a potential for Indonesia to take the lead in monitoring ASEAN member countries on how to overcome obstacles to decarbonization in the electricity sector."

"The future of modern societies depends on their ability to deal with the challenge of climate change. This book focuses on sustainability innovations in renewable energies, combined heat and power, and energy service contracting, and analyses the institutions, actors and functions within the innovation system. ;"

"The importance of biogas energy has risen manifold and has become universal. This is due to the realization that biogas capture and utilization has great potential in controlling global warming. By capturing biogas wherever it is formed, we not only tap a source of clean energy, but we also prevent the escape of methane to the atmosphere. Given that methane has 25 times greater global warming potential than CO2, methane capture through biogas energy in this manner can contribute substantially towards global warming control."

"Perkembangan energi baru terbarukan sudah menjadi perhatian bagi kebutuhan listrik pada saat ini. Fotovoltaik dapat menjadi pilihan untuk sumber energi terbarukan. Pada simulasi ini, untuk mengetahui nilai dari harmonisa maka dilakukan dengan memvariasikan nilai dari berbagai kapasitas Fotovoltaik mulai dari 5 MWp, 10 MWp, 15 MWp, dan 20 MWp pada sistem tenaga listrik Lombok pada 3 titik pada Gardu Induk Kuta, dan Gardu Induk Paokmontong. Studi ini dilakukan dalam sistem dengan kemampuan kapasitas 123 MW dengan berbagai pertimbangan berupa manajemen jaringan yang diperkirakan hingga 35% dari produksi listrik dengan simulasi ETAP 12.6.0. Analisis ini menghasilkan nilai tertinggi untuk THD-I pada kapasitas 5 MWp sebesar 2,5% dan THD-v terbesar pada kapasitas 20 MWp sebesar 0,25%. Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa nilai pada tiap skenario yang dibuat, nilai yang dihasilkan masih dibawah standard yang telah ditetapkan untuk harmonisa pada sistem.

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Renewable Energy is starting to grow rapidly, the use of solar energy in Indonesia has a good development. According to the grid code issued by the national utility company, the maximum standard harmonic limit is 5%. Harmonic is mostly caused by non-linear loads that form a distorted sine wave, which leads the equipment to become hotter faster, adding losses and reducing the equipment lifetime. The simulation method uses ETAP software to obtain values ​​from Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the 20kV and 150 kV Beta substations sides with several scenario simulations of photovoltaic power plant integration with a capacity from 5 to 20 MWp with multiple of 5. This study was carried out in a system with a capacity of 123 MW with various considerations in the form of network management which is estimated to be up to 35% of electricity production with ETAP 12.6.0 simulation. This analysis produces the highest value for THD-I at a capacity of 5 MWp at 2.5% and the largest THD-v at a capacity of 20 MWp at 0.25%. The results obtained that the value of each scenario that the value generated is still below the standards for harmonics in the system.

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