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"[Dioksin merupakan senyawa berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kulit, hati, hingga menimbulkan kanker. Degradasi dioksin dapat dilakukan oleh mikroorganisme seperti kapang yang menghasilkan enzim ligninolitik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kapang yang memiliki enzim ligninolitik sehingga berpotensi dalam mendegradasi dioksin. Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik terlihat dari penghilangan warna pada Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dan Poly S-119. Metode penelitian meliputi seleksi pada medium padat dan cair, pengukuran aktivitas enzim ligninolitik, serta identifikasi isolat. Seleksi kapang pada medium padat dilakukan dengan medium yang mengandung RBBR dan Poly S-119. Seleksi cair dilakukan dengan mengukur degradasi warna dan aktivitas enzim ligninolitik (lakase, mangan peroksidase, dan lignin peroksidase). Isolat hasilseleksi diidentifikasi molekular 28S rRNA menggunakan primer NL-1 dan NL-4. Hasil seleksi padat menunjukkan sembilan isolat dengan zona degradasi, yaitu FIG- KT-540.1; F-IG-KT-539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1.16; F-IG-PT-2.14; F-IGPT- 2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; F-IG-PT-3.1; dan F-IG-PT-2.11. Hasil seleksi cair menunjukkan dua isolat memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi warna tinggi yaitu FIG- KT-540.1 sebesar 59% mendegradasi warna RBBR dan F-IG-PT 1.16 sebesar 85% mendegradasi warna Poly S-119. Isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 dan F-IG-PT 1.16 memiliki aktivitas MnP yang tinggi sebesar 0,0132 dan 0,0186 ΔOD/ml sampel/menit. Identifikasi kedua isolat menunjukkan isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 adalah Aspergillus oryzae dengan nilai bootstrap 99 dan isolat F-IG-PT 1.16 adalah Penicillium charlesii dengan nilai bootstrap 98. Kesimpulan yaitu isolat F-IG-KT-540.1 dan F-IG-PT 1.16 yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi mendegradasi warna berpotensi mendegradasi dioksin. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui sinergi antara kedua isolat dalam mendegradasi dioksin.

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Dioxins are harmful compounds which can damage skin, liver, and cause cancer. It can be degraded by microorganisms such as fungi with its ligninolytic enzymes. The research aim was to obtain fungi that has ligninolytic enzymes which potentially degrade dioxin. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes was showed from decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Poly S-119 dye. Methods of the research include selection on solid medium and liquid medium, measurement of ligninolytic activity, and identification of fungal isolates. Selection on solid medium was carried out using RBBR and Poly S-119 dye. Selection on liquid medium was carried out through measurement on the color degradation and activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin peroxidase). The potential isolates in liquid selection medium were identified on 28S rRNA with NL-1 and NL-4 primers. The result showed that nine isolates have

the degradation zone in a solid medium. They were F-IG-KT-540.1; F-IG-KT- 539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1:16; F-IG-PT-2:14; F-IG-PT-2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; FIG- PT-3.1; and F-IG-PT-2.11. In liquid selection medium, F-IG-KT-540.1 and FIG-

PT 1.16 isolates showed high capability to degrade dyes. Percentage of RBBR degradation in isolate F-IG-KT-540.1 was 59% and percentage of Poly S-119 degradation in isolate F-IG-PT-1.16 was 85%. Both F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolate have high activity of MnP. Activity of MnP of those isolate were 0,0132 and 0,0186 ΔOD/ml/minutes respectively. The result of identification showed that F-IG-KT-540.1 isolate was Aspergillus oryzae with value of

bootstrap 99 and F-IG-PT-1.16 isolate was Penicillium charlesii with value of bootstrap 98. From this research, F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolates which have capability to degrade dyes potential for degrading dioxin. Further research is needed to determine the synergy between isolates F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT- 1.16 to degrade dioxin., Dioxins are harmful compounds which can damage skin, liver, and cause cancer.

It can be degraded by microorganisms such as fungi with its ligninolytic enzymes.

The research aim was to obtain fungi that has ligninolytic enzymes which

potentially degrade dioxin. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes was showed from

decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and Poly S-119 dye. Methods of the

research include selection on solid medium and liquid medium, measurement of

ligninolytic activity, and identification of fungal isolates. Selection on solid

medium was carried out using RBBR and Poly S-119 dye. Selection on liquid

medium was carried out through measurement on the color degradation and

activity of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase, and lignin

peroxidase). The potential isolates in liquid selection medium were identified on

28S rRNA with NL-1 and NL-4 primers. The result showed that nine isolates have

the degradation zone in a solid medium. They were F-IG-KT-540.1; F-IG-KT-

539.2; F-IG-PT-6.3; F-IG-PT 1:16; F-IG-PT-2:14; F-IG-PT-2.5; F-IG-PT-2.7; FIG-

PT-3.1; and F-IG-PT-2.11. In liquid selection medium, F-IG-KT-540.1 and FIG-

PT 1.16 isolates showed high capability to degrade dyes. Percentage of RBBR

degradation in isolate F-IG-KT-540.1 was 59% and percentage of Poly S-119

degradation in isolate F-IG-PT-1.16 was 85%. Both F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT

1.16 isolate have high activity of MnP. Activity of MnP of those isolate were

0,0132 and 0,0186 ΔOD/ml/minutes respectively. The result of identification

showed that F-IG-KT-540.1 isolate was Aspergillus oryzae with value of

bootstrap 99 and F-IG-PT-1.16 isolate was Penicillium charlesii with value of

bootstrap 98. From this research, F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT 1.16 isolates which

have capability to degrade dyes potential for degrading dioxin. Further research is

needed to determine the synergy between isolates F-IG-KT-540.1 and F-IG-PT-

1.16 to degrade dioxin.]"

"Metode degradasi limbah cair menggunakan reaktor ozonasi injeksi berganda microbubble dan nanobubble adalah teknik pengolahan limbah tekstil yang berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja reaktor ozonasi injeksi berganda microbubble dan nanobubble dalam mengolah limbah cair Remazol biru dan memperoleh kondisi operasi optimum degradasi limbah. Degradasi limbah cair dilakukan dengan proses ozonasi, di mana limbah yang disirkulasikan ke dalam reaktor menggunakan pompa akan didegradasi oleh ozon yang diinjeksikan melalui nosel nanobubble dan microbubble. Variabel tetap dalam penelitian ini adalah volume limbah cair sebanyak 20 L, konsentrasi limbah cair sebesar 100 ppm, dan pH 5. Variabel bebas yang divariasikan adalah laju alir limbah cair, laju alir udara yang diinjeksikan, jenis fluida gas yang diumpankan, dan metode injeksi ozon yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa degradasi RBB-R optimum didapatkan pada kondisi tegangan pompa 10 V, laju alir gas 4 L/menit, jenis fluida gas oksigen, dan metode injeksi ozon ganda, yaitu sebesar 97,22%. Selain itu, total COD yang berhasil disisihkan menggunakan metode ini adalah sebesar 55,8 mg/L, kadar warna (Pt-Co) yang disisihkan sebesar 741,41 mg/L (89,26%), kandungan nitrat yang dihasilkan sebesar 88,55 mg/L, dan konsentrasi ozon terlarut dalam air mencapai 0,3896 mg/L.

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Liquid waste degradation using ozone microbubble and nanobubble reactor with double injections is a method with great potential to be developed. This experiment aims to test the performance of ozone microbubble and nanobubble reactor with double injection system in treating Remazol Blue waste and obtain its optimum operating conditions. Degradation is carried out by ozonation, in which liquid waste circulated into the reactor using a pump is degraded by ozone injected through the nanobubble and microbubble nozzles. The controlled variables in this experiment are the liquid waste volume of 20 L, liquid waste concentration of 100 ppm, and a pH of 5. The independent variables manipulated in this experiment are the flow rate of liquid waste, flow rate of air injected, type of gas injected, and method of ozonation used. The results showed that the optimum degradation of RBB-R was obtained under conditions of 10 V pump voltage, 4 L/minute gas flow rate, oxygen gas, and double injection method, which was 97.22%. The total COD removed was 55.8 mg/L, the color (Pt-Co) removed was 741.41 mg/L (89.26%), the nitrate produced was 88.55 mg/L, and the concentration of dissolved ozone was 0.3896 mg/L."