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"This textbook equips instructors and students with an overview of the existing literature so that the latter can attain an overall understanding of macroeconomic and microeconomic public finance. The literature on public finance has grown dramatically with theoretical studies and empirical analysis, and much of the focus has been on macroeconomic effects of public services. The standard textbook offerings, however, are mainly restricted to microeconomic topics of public finance. This text intends to fill this gap by presenting a theoretical-based, comprehensive explanation of public finance. Particular emphasis is directed at developing tools that can be applied theoretically and empirically to clarify essential economic concerns in the current public sector in advanced countries, including Japan. Such concerns include the macroeconomic effect of fiscal policy, the dependence on bonds for covering government deficits, and social security reform. The main text explains the standard concepts of public finance, and the appendix offers various advanced topics. The material will facilitate an understanding of how to investigate changes in the public sector, interpret results, and basically do research on fiscal policy. The textbook will be of value to a broad range of course offerings, including those generally focused on fiscal policy, on social security reform and on tax reform."

"The implementation of fully funded pension scheme for civil servantretirement in Indonesia is one of the government solutions to reducethe burden of pension expenditure on the state budget. However, toimplement such a scheme, the government deemed it necessary toprepare an appropriate governance model in order to achieve thegoal of fully funded scheme. The government needs to pay attentionto several issues related to the implementation of a fully fundedscheme, namely the issue of pension fund management,contributions, investment, regulations and risks. By distributingquestionnaires and interviews to key stakeholders, the extent ofgovernment readiness to implement a fully funded pension schemecould be evaluated, based on which it was found that thegovernment does not have readiness to adopt the fully fundedpension scheme and several tasks remain to be accomplished.Penerapan skema fully funded pada sistem pensiun PegawaiNegeri Sipil di Indonesia merupakan salah satu alternatif yangakan diambil oleh pemerintah guna mengurangi beban belanjapensiun Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada Anggaran Pendapatan danBelanja Negara (APBN). Namun untuk menerapkan skematersebut, pemerintah dipandang perlu untuk menyiapkan suatutata kelola agar tujuan dari penerapan skema fully funded inidapat tercapai. Pemerintah perlu memperhatikan beberapa halterkait rencana penerapan skema fully funded, yaitu masalahpengelola dana pensiun, iuran/ kontribusi peserta, investasi danapensiun, peraturan, dan risiko. Dengan melakukan penyebarankuesioner dan wawancara kepada narasumber, dalam penelitianini dievaluasi sejauh mana kesiapan Indonesia dalam menerapkanskema fully funded pada sistem pensiun pegawai negeri: yangmana pemerintah tidak memiliki kesiapan untuk mengadopsiskema ini dan terdapat hal-hal yang harus dilakukan terkaitdengan implementasi tersebut."