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"Proliferasi ameloblas dan sintesis matriks protein yang distimulasi oleh hormon pertumbuhan (GH) mempengaruhi proses mineralisasi email. Protein defisiensi mengakibatkan hipoplasia email dan penurunan kadar GH. Pada manusia, paparan musik dapat meningkatkan kadar GH. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek paparan musik sejak pranatal terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium (Ca) dan fosfor (P) permukaan gigi tikus dengan defisiensi protein. Eksperimen: Tiga-puluh-dua ekor tikus Wistar dibedakan menjadi kelompok dengan dan tanpa paparan musik. Paparan musik diberikan sejak masa-gestasi hari pertama sampai anak tikus diterminasi, diberikan setiap pagi (musik pengantar tidur) dan sore hari (musik klasik, barok, romantik). Sejak usia 2 hari secara acak sederhana anak tikus dibedakan menjadi kelompok dengan nutrisi normal mengandung protein 19.5% dan dengan asupan protein 7.5%. Mandibula 6 anak tikus dari masing-masing kelompok perlakuan yang diterminasi pada usia 2 dan 5 minggu dikeluarkan, dibelah menjadi setengah mandibula, dibersihkan, dikeringkan, dan digunakan untuk pengukuran persentase kadar Ca dan P permukaan email insisif bawah menggunakan metode Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA satu arah dengan á 0.05. Hasil: Pada usia 2 minggu, kadar Ca (8.6%) dan P (10.6%) permukaan email tikus dengan nutrisi normal dan paparan musik lebih tinggi dari Ca (3.9%) dan P (7.9%) email tikus dengan defisiensi protein tanpa musik (P<0.029). Pada tikus 5 minggu dengan defisiensi protein, kadar P (6.1%) email tikus dengan paparan musik, lebih tinggi dari kadar P email (2.8%) tikus tanpa musik (P<0.034). Kesimpulan: Musik memiliki potensi untuk meminimalkan penurunan kadar Ca dan P permukaan email pada kondisi defisiensi protein.

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Protein deficiency could lead to enamel hypoplasia and decreased level of Growth Hormone (GH). Cell proliferation and synthesis of enamel-matrix which affect the mineralization process of the tissue, are stimulated by GH. Music was reported to be able to increase GH. Objective: Analyzing the effect of music exposure since prenatal on the decreased Calcium (Ca) and Phosphor (P) content of the enamel-surface of rat-pups in protein-deficiency condition. Experiment: Thirty-two rats on the first day of gestation period were divided into groups with and without music. Music were given twice daily, lullabies every early morning, and classic, baroc, and romantic music every evening. At 2-days-old the rat-pups were further divided into groups with normal diet contained 19.5% protein, and groups with protein deficiency diet contained 7.5% protein. At 2- and 5-weeks-old, 6 rat pups from each group were randomly terminated, the mandibles were dissected out, cut into hemi-mandibles, cleaned, and dried. The percentage of Ca and P content of the lower-incisor enamel-surface was analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA with α 0.05. Results: At 2-weeks-old, the Ca (8.6%) and P (10.6%) contents of enamel-surface of pups with normal-diet and music were higher than the Ca (3.9%) and P(7.9%) contents of enamel-surface of pups with protein-deficiency with no music (P<0.029). Among 5-weeks-old pups with protein-deficiency, the P content (6.1%) of enamel-surface of pups with music were higher than P content (2.8%) of enamel-surface of pups with no music (P<0.034). Conclusion: Music has a potency to minimize the decreased Ca and P enamel content on the protein deficiency condition."

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Latar Belakang: Asupan protein yang rendah pada masa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR berkaitan erat terhadap dislipidemia dan perubahan metabolisme lipid secara abnormal pada anak yang dilahirkan. Peningkatan asupan protein pada anak diharapkan mampu mengatasi kondisi tersebut. Moringa oleifera (MO) merupakan salah satu sumber makanan kaya nutrisi dan protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efektivitas kandungan protein dari ekstrak etanol MO (EEMO) dalam mengatasi defisiensi protein pada anakan tikus dari induk defisiensi protein dengan mengamati profil lipid serta beberapa gen regulator metabolisme lipid di hati. Metode: Anakan tikus usia 3 minggu yang telah disapih dari induk yang mengalami defisiensi protein diberikan pakan rendah protein (protein 9%) dengan penambahan EEMO 400 mg atau 800 mg, atau diberikan pakan normal (protein 18%) selama 5 minggu. Kelompok pembanding adalah anakan dari induk tikus yang diberikan pakan normal tanpa pemberian EEMO. Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan berat badan, pengukuran profil lipid darah dengan spektrofotometri, pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA Fgf21, Pgc1a, Srebp1c, dan Srebp2 dengan menggunakan qRT-PCR, serta pemeriksaan ekspresi protein FGF21 di hati dengan imunohistokimia. Hasil: Pemberian EEMO tidak memberikan perbaikan kenaikan berat badan dibandingkan kelompok defisiensi protein (DP). Pemberian EEMO tidak meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan HDL secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok DP. Hanya EEMO 400 mg yang mampu menurunkan rasio TG/HDL dan EEMO 800 mg yang mampu meningkatkan kadar LDL secara bermakna terhadap kelompok DP. Pemberian EEMO tidak dapat menurunkan ekspresi mRNA Fgf21, Pgc1a, Srebp1c, dan Srebp2 di hati model hewan coba, namun pemberian EEMO 400 mg terbukti dapat menurunkan ekspresi protein FGF21 secara signifikan di hati. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak EEMO secara tunggal belum mampu memperbaiki kondisi dislipidemia dan perbaikan gen regulator metabolisme lipid di hati model hewan coba defisiensi protein.

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Background: Low protein intake during pregnancy can cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR is closely related to dyslipidemia and abnormal changes in lipid metabolism in offspring. It is hoped that increasing protein intake in offspring will overcome this condition. Moringa oleifera (MO) is rich in nutrients and protein. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the protein content of ethanolic extract of MO (EEMO) in overcoming protein deficiency in rat offspring from protein-deficient mothers by observing the lipid profile and several lipid metabolism regulatory genes in the liver. Methods: After weaning from mothers with protein deficiency, three-weeks-old rat pups were given a low protein diet (9% protein) with the addition of EEMO 400 mg or 800 mg, or a normal diet (18% protein) for 5 weeks. The comparison group was offspring from mother rats that were given normal food without EEMO. At the end of the study, body weight was examined, blood lipid profile was measured using spectrophotometry, examination of Fgf21, Pgc1a, Srebp1c, and Srebp2 mRNA expression using qRT-PCR, and examination of FGF21 protein expression in the liver using immunohistochemistry. Results: EEMO administration did not improve weight gain compared to the protein deficient group (DP). Administration of EEMO did not significantly increase total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL levels compared to the DP group. Only EEMO 400 mg reduced the TG/HDL ratio and EEMO 800 mg increased LDL levels significantly compared to the DP group. Administration of EEMO could not reduce the expression of Fgf21, Pgc1a, Srebp1c, and Srebp2 mRNA in the liver of experimental animal models, however, administration of EEMO 400 mg was proven to reduce FGF21 protein expression in the liver significantly. Conclusion: The administration of EEMO extract alone has not been able to improve the condition of dyslipidemia and repair lipid metabolism regulatory genes in the liver of animal models of protein deficiency.

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