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"Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mencoba untuk mengembangkan keju yang dibuat dari susu unta karena potensi dari susu unta sendiri berdasarkan literatur yang ada sangatlah bagus. Untuk menggantikan enzim rennet sebagai koagulan, digunakan enzim papain sebagai alternatif. Enzim papain terdapat dalam getah papaya yang dibuat dengan cara menyadap getah papaya kemudian diproses lebih lanjut untuk diperoleh enzim papain. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, dimulai dari proses pembuatan enzim papain, proses koagulasi, dan di akhir, keju hasil dari masingmasing penggumpalan dengan koagulan berbeda dianalisa dengan analisis proksimat untuk diketahui kadar protein, kadar lemak, karbohidrat, air dan abu, analisis potensial zeta untuk mengamati kestabilan larutan, uji pH dan uji organoleptik untuk memastikan hasil keju yang dihasilkan berkualitas baik dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keju terbaik dihasilkan dari hasil ekstraksi enzim papain dengan pencampuran getah 3 ml dengan aquadest hingga 10 ml ketika suhu susu 70oC, yang menghasilkan keju dengan yield 13,22 gram; pH 5; kadar protein 25,00%; kadar air 56,40%; kadar abu 0,59%; kadar lemak 0,78%; kadar karbohidrat 17,20%; dan nilai potensial zeta -11,59 mV. Dari segi organoleptik, aspek yang paling menonjol adalah aroma dan yang dianggap kurang adalah warna dari keju.

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In this research, writer is trying to develop a cheese made from cow milk because the potential of camel milk itself according to existing literature is very good. To replace rennet enzyme as the coagulant, papain enzyme is used as the alternative. Papain enzyme exists in papaya latex which can be made by extracting papaya latex then processed further to obtain the enzyme.

The research is done in a laboratory, from the making of enzyme, coagulation process, and in the end, cheese obtained from each coagulation process with different coagulant will be analyzed with proximate analysis to know the amount of protein, fat, carbohydrate, water and ash, zeta potential analysis to know the stability of the colloid, pH analysis and organoleptic analysis to ensure that the quality of the cheese made in this research and can be accepted in the society.

Based on the research, the best cheese resulted from mixing papain enzyme extracted from papaya with 3 ml of sap, diluted by aquadest until 10 ml that was added on 70oC, which resulted cheese with 13,22 gram of yield; pH 5; 25,00% of protein; 56,40% of water; 0,59% of ash; 0,78% of fat; 17,20% of carbohydrate and it has -11,59 mV on its zeta potential value. From organoleptic analysis, the best aspect from the cheese was the aroma while the color of the cheese is considered as the least best."

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Protein hewani merupakan salah satu zat gizi yang dapat berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Namun, saat ini asupan protein hewani masyarakat masih belum mencapai angka ideal yang disarankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan asupan protein hewani anak usia 25-30 bulan di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian case control yang berjudul Perbedaan Asupan Susu dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 25-30 Bulan di Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2019. Total sampel sebanyak 121 anak. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square, uji T dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan ibu dan Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) berhubungan signifikan dengan asupan protein hewani, dimana asupan protein hewani yang baik lebih banyak terdapat pada anak yang berasal dari pendidikan ibu tinggi dan MDD yang tercapai. Faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan asupan protein hewani adalah pendidikan ibu (OR: 3,8) setelah dikontrol oleh MDD, Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), status pekerjaan ibu dan pendapatan keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan protein hewani dengan kejadian stunting (OR:7,8). Anak yang asupan protein hewaninya kurang memiliki peluang sebesar 7,8 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara literasi gizi ibu/pengasuh dengan MMF dan MAD, dimana MMF dan MAD yang tercapai lebih banyak terdapat pada anak yang berasal dari ibu/pengasuh dengan literasi gizi yang tinggi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan asupan protein hewani anak usia 25-30 bulan di Jakarta Pusat tahun 2019 adalah pendidikan ibu. Anak yang berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikan rendah berpeluang 3,8 kali lebih tinggi memiliki asupan protein hewani yang kurang.

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Animal protein is one of the nutrients that can be associated with stunting. However, at present, the communitys animal protein intake has not yet reached the recommended ideal number. This study aims to determine the dominant factors associated with animal protein intake for children aged 25-30 months in Central Jakarta in 2019. This study used secondary data from a case-control study with entitled The Difference between Milk Intake with Stunting on Children aged 25-30 Months in Central Jakarta in 2019. The total sample of 121 children. Data analysis used chi-square test, T-test and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that maternal education and Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) were significantly related to animal protein intake, where adequate animal protein intake was common in children from higher maternal education and MDD was achieved. Dominant factors related to animal protein intake are maternal education (OR: 3.8) after being controlled by MDD, Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), mothers employment status, and family income. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between animal protein intake and stunting (OR: 7.8). Children whose animal protein intake is less have a 7.8 times higher chance to be stunting. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between nutritional literacy with MMF and MAD, where MMF and MAD were achieved more in children who came from mothers with high nutritional literacy. The conclusion of this study is that the dominant factor associated with animal protein intake for children aged 25-30 months in Central Jakarta in 2019 is maternal education. Children who come from mothers with low education are 3.8 times more likely to have less animal protein intake.

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"Kemajuan yang dicapai di bidang kesehatan berdampak terhadap peningkatan usia harapan hidup wanita Indonesia. Pada tahun 1980 usia harapan hidup wanita Indonesia 50,9 tahun dan pada 1995 meningkat menjadi 62,7 tahun. Diperkirakan tahun 2010 menjadi 70 tahun. Peningkatan usia harapan hidup sangat sering tidak selalu diikuti oleh keseimbangan zat gizi yang dikonsumsi. Akibatnya terjadi penyakit degeneratif dan kelebihan berat badan pada usia menjelang menopause. Keadaan ini mempercepat menopause dan membebani wanita dengan syndrom pasca menopause. Hal ini menarik untuk diteliti, apakah menopause dini (early menopause) dan syndrom pasca menopause dapat dihindari/ dikurangi dengan mengkonsumsi makanan sumber phytoestrogen dan protein hewani dalam jumlah yang cukup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi hubungan konsumsi Phytoestrogen dan protein hewani terhadap usia menopause di kelurahan Cibabat, setelah dikontrol oleh faktor-faktor yang diduga berpengaruh yaitu BBLR, olah raga, frekuensi kehamilan, jenis kontrasepsi, tingkat pendidikan dan daerah asal. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kasus-kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 365 orang. Data frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber protein hewani dan phytoestrogen, serta faktor modifikasi seperti BBLR, olahraga, frekuensi kehamilan, kontrasepsi hormonal, serta faktor konfonding seperti pendidikan, daerah asal diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS for Windows Versi 7.5. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi sumber phytostrogen, protein hewani dengan usia menopause. Perbedaan hasil uji bermakna bila nilai p < O,O5. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan memakai regresi logistik. Diperoleh hasil, ibu menopause dari kelompok menopause cepat (kasus) tidak cukup mengkonsumsi kacang-kacangan dan protein hewani dibandingkan dengan ibu menopause lambat. Hasil analisis bivariat, menunjukkan hampir semua bahan makanan yang diteliti, kecuali ikan kering mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan usia menopause. Ibu yang kurang mengkonsumsi ikan kering kemungkinan lebih cepat menopause 1,23 kali dibandingkan dengan ibu yang mengkonsumsi ikan kering cukup. Kripik tempe merupakan sumber phytoestrogen yang paling besar Odds Ratio yaitu 2,7. Ibu yang mengkonsumsi kripik tempe cukup menopause lebih lambat 2,7 kali dibandingkan dengan ibu yang frekuensi konsumsi kripik tempe kurang. BBLR, frekuensi kehamilan, daerah asal, dan pendidikan tidak mempengaruhi usia menopause. Olah raga dan kelompok umur ibu, serta konsumsi kripik tempe berkaitan erat dengan usia menopause setelah dikontrol oleh variabel lain. Ibu berolahraga secara rutin dan jenis olahraga yang dipilih cocok dengan umur ibu dapat memperlambat usia menopause sebesar 5 kali dibandingkan dengan ibu yang berolahraga kurang. Penyuluhan gizi kepada ibu menopause sebaiknya diarahkan kepada makanan seimbang seusai dengan Pedoman Umum Gizi Seimbang (PUGS). Dengan cara mengkonsumsi jenis bahan makanan yang beranekaragam. Direkomendasikan perlunya dipromosikan kembali makanan yang berasal dari kacang-kacangan seperti kedele (terutama tempe), kacang merah, dan kacang hijau. Semua kacang-kacangan merupakan sumber phytoestrogen dan harganya dapat terjangkau oleh masyarakat.

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Life expectancy among women in Indonesia increases steadily, it was 50.0 years in 1980 and was 62.3 years in 1995. It was assumed that better living condition was the main factor. In addition, it has been predicted that in the year 2010 Indonesian women life expectancy will be 70.0 years. It should be taken seriously that higher life expectancy without a balanced diet will have a negative at old women health status. Studies have shown that generative diseases and over weight among this age group are inclining. These conditions can cause the women having early menopause and the post menopause syndrome and consumption of phytoestrogen and animal protein food sources.

The goals of this study is to get the information about correlation between phytoestrogen and animal protein consumption and age of menopause at Kelurahan Cibabat after controlling for confounding variables such as, low birth weight, exercise, frequency of pregnancy, contraceptive of hormone used, level of education, ethnic group and age group. The design of this study is case control with 365 subjects. The data of food frequency consumption phytoestrogen and animal protein food sources including other confounding variables were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 7.5. Bivariate analysis with 95% confidence interval (p<0,05) was employed for testing correlation between frequency consumption phytoestrogen and animal protein food sources, and at menopause. Furthermore, logistic regression was employed to estimate the associate between early menopause and consumption phytoestrogen and animal protein food sources.

The main finding of this study is early menopause related to the level of tempe chips consumption. Women who were experiencing early menopause tended to consume lower amount of tempe chip. Tempe Chips which is source of phytoestrogen has high dose response for age menopause, women who consume enough tempe chips are significantly have age of menopause later 2.7 times higher compare to women with low tempe chips consumption. This study found that early menopause was not related to Iow birth weight, frequency of pregnancy, ethic group and education. After adjusting some confounding variables, exercise, age and tempeh chips has a good relationship to incidence of menopause age. Women who regularly do appropriate exercise according to their age is likely experiencing late menopause 5 times higher compared to women who didn't exercise in appropriate manner.

Based on the results on this study it is recommended during premenopause even earlier, women should consume phytoestrogen and animal protein food sources. The dietary guidelines should be translated in appropriate manner to educated premenopause women to consume phytoestrogen food sources. One of phytoestrogen sources is tempe made of soybeans. It is recommended that promotion of soybean is increased since this kind of phytoestrogen source is relatively in expensive and is well known in the community."

"[ABSTRAKMenurut beberapa studi penelitian yang dilakukan, kejadian hiperurisemia sering terjadi pada pekerja pabrik, terkhusus pekerja pabrik yang bekerja di lingkungan kerja panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia, status gizi (IMT), asupan gizi (purin dan protein), merokok, konsumsi air putih, konsumsi alkohol, konsumsi kopi, konsumsi soft drinks, dan suhu lingkungan kerja dengan kejadian hiperurisemia pada pekerja pabrik PT. X Cikarang tahun 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan metode sampel acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Sampel yang diteliti adalah pekerja pabrik PT. X Cikarang dengan total 152 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara pengumpulan data rekam medis dan pencatatan suhu lingkungan kerja pabrik, serta pengisian kuesioner mandiri dan wawancara FFQ semikuantitatif. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT, asupan protein hewani dan konsumsi air putih dengan kejadian hiperurisemia (p-value< 0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat 23% pekerja pabrik mengalami hiperurisemia.

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ABSTRACTAccording to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia.;According to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia., According to several researches, hyperuricemia frequently occur in factory workers, especially those working in high temperature. This research has purpose to know the association between age, Body Mass Index (BMI), nutrition intake (purine and protein), smoking, water intake, alcohol intake, coffe intake, softdrinks intake and working enviroment temperature with hyperuricemia on workers at PT. X Cikarang 2015. This research is using study methode cross sectional with simple random sampling. The samples are research are the workers at PT. X Cikarang with 152 samples. The data is collected with collecting medical record data and factory working enviromental temperature, also doing self quesioner and semiquantitative FFQ interviewing. Chi square test result is showing there are significant relation between BMI, animal protein intake and water intake with hyperuricemia (p value <0,05). It can be conclude that 23% factory workers has hyperuricemia.]"

"Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi dan pengeluaran rumah tangga untuk pangan sumber protein hewani khususnya produk perikanan yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga masyarakat di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan model LA/AIDS. Penerapan model AIDS untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi suatu komoditas, dikaitkan dengan harga komoditas itu sendiri, harga komoditas lain, pendapatan kepala rumah tangga, lokasi tinggal, pekerjaan kepala rumah tangga dan status miskin rumah tangga. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 400 rumah tangga di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yang diambil secara acak, berdasarkan hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Tahun 2010 oleh Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS) serta Direktori Pengembangan Konsumsi Pangan tahun 2013 yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian, serta didukung oleh publikasi instansi terkait yakni Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Kementerian Perdagangan. Pendugaan parameter dilihat dari elastisitas harga, elastisitas harga silang dan elastisitas pendapatan terhadap permintaan pangan protein hewani yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga (3) komoditas yakni Daging, Telur, dan Ikan, diregresi dengan menggunakan model ekonometri LA/AIDS.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi konsumsi protein hewani didominasi komoditas Ikan, elastisitas harga sendiri mempunyai tanda positif untuk semua komoditas, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa semua komoditas bersifat inelastis terhadap permintaan yakni perubahan permintaan lebih kecil dari perubahan harga. Elastisitas harga silang bernilai lebih dari 0, mengindikasikan bahwa antar komoditas pangan berhubungan saling menggantikan (substitusi). Elastisitas pendapatan untuk komoditas Daging bernilai lebih dari 1, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa Daging termasuk barang mewah, sedangkan komoditas Telur dan Ikan termasuk barang normal atau pokok sehari-hari (bernilai diantara 0 dan 1).

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This thesis is intended to get information about consumption pattern and household expenditures from animal protein source food especially fish product, furthermore used as indicator for household prosperity level in South Sumatera Province using Model LA/AIDS. This Model AIDS used to find out consumption pattern one commodity, correlation with its own price, correlation with other commodity prices, household leader income, location, household leader job, and household poor status. This research took random data sample as many as 400 unit from population South Sumatera Province, using Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 2010 by Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS), with data and publication from Direktori Pengembangan Konsumsi Pangan 2013 by Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian, and supported with other publications from related institutions such as Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, Kementerian Perdagangan. Indicated parameter seen from Price Elasticity of Demand, Cross Elasticity of Demand, and Income Elasticity of Demand toward animal protein food demand which grouped into three categories, Meat, Egg and Fish product, using model econometric LA/AIDS.

The result shows that animal protein consumption proportion dominated by Fish product, Price Elasticity of Demand has positive results for all commodities indicating that quality demanded change is smaller than price change. Cross Elasticity of Demand are more than 0 for Meat and Egg commodity compared to Fish product, indicated a substitional relation between food categories. Income Elasticity of Demand for Meat has value more than 1, which shows that Meat is categorized as luxury goods, meanwhile Egg and Food product are categorized as normal or necessities goods."