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"Thee preliminary results of :lie i998 Malawi Population andHousing Census (MPHC) indicate that the population of Malawi is 9.8million. This _,figure is less than estimates prepared by most national andinternational institutions including renowned population specialistsworking an :lie population of Malawi. Nearly all-available populationprojections estimated :liar ill!! population of Malawi in i993 would bearound I l million. The aforementioned discrepancy has .tome seriousconsequences. Firs! :lie Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita may bedistorted in such a way as to suggest a general improvement in rite qualityof life contrary to the situation. Second, the results of the census may beinterpreted to indicate the success of me national population programespecially rite :rational family planning program. As a result of theseconsequences there is need to evaluate me census results to verify whetherthe reported figure is indeed correct or to provide a plausible explanationfor flue anomaly. Though not prescriptive, the paper offers plausibleexplanation for :lie observed differences. In particular, me paper arguesthat rite population figure obtained front the 1998 census, like most othercensuses in developing countries, were underreported."

"A two dimensional layer or cross section of a three dimensional object can be reconstructed by means of a large number of one dimensional projections through this layer. Reconstruction a two dimensional phantom from its one-dimensional projection has been accomplished in this thesis using the technique where the input projection data of CT X-Ray is simulated. The qualities of reconstructed phantom from the projections have shown a good result compared to the original image. This reconstruction technique has been implemented on PC and the reconstructed image is displayed using VGA monitor."

"Pendahuluan : Overjet yang besar pada maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 ditengarai mampumenimbulkan gangguan pada sendi temporomandibula. Perawatan ortodontik denganpencabutan dua gigi premolar bertujuan untuk memperbaiki profil sertamenyeimbangkan oklusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahanposisi kondilus sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik.Metode : Digunakan 60 foto transkranial sebelum dan sesudah perawatan ortodontik.Subjek penelitian dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa kasus maloklusi kelas IIdivisi 1, ANB ³ 50, overjet ³ 6 mm, memiliki gangguan sendi temporomandibulasebelum perawatan ortodontik dimulai serta memiliki foto transkranial. Evaluasi posisikondilus dilakukan dengan mengukur jarak Anterior Joint Space, Posterior Joint Spacedan Superior Space yang diterjemahkan menjadi posisi supero-anterior dan posisi nonsupero-anterior pada kondilus kanan dan kiri. Perubahan posisi kondilus sebelum dansesudah perawatan ortodontik diuji menggunakan Mc Nemar.Hasil : Diketahui bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) posisi kondilus sebelumdan sesudah perawatan ortodontik pada kasus maloklusi kelas II divisi 1 denganpencabutan dua gigi premolar. 19 subjek memiliki posisi supero-anterior pada kondiluskanan dan kiri sebelum dan sesudah perawatan, sedangkan 11 subjek memiliki posisi nonsupero-anterior pada kondilus kanan dan kiri sebelum dan sesudah perawatan.Kesimpulan : Perawatan ortodontik disertai pencabutan dua gigi premolar menyebabkanperubahan posisi kondilus, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Sebelum dansesudah perawatan ortodontik, sebagian besar kondilus tetap berada di posisi superoanterior.Sesudah perawatan ortodontik, gejala berupa rasa tidak nyaman saat membukamulut lebar dan keterbatasan membuka mulut sudah hilang, sedangkan gejala berupakliking dan krepitasi masih ada.

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Introduction : Increased overjet in malocclusion class II div 1 leads totemporomandibular joint dysfunction. Orthodontic treatment with upper premolarsextraction is due to correct profile and to harmonize occlusion. This paper will analyzealteration condylar position before and after orthodontic treatment.Methods : Transcranial projection was performed of 60 radiographs (30 radiographbefore and 30 radiograph after orthodontic treatment). Subjects were choosed based oninclusion criteria : malocclusion class II div 1, ANB ³ 50, overjet ³ 6 mm, patient hadtemporomandibular symptoms before orthodontic treatment, and all patients hadtranscranial radiograph. Condylar position was determined according to Anterior JointSpace, Posterior Joint Space and Superior Space which convert to supero-anteriorposition condyle right and left and non supero-anterior position condyle right and left.The Mc Nemar Test was used to analyze the data.Results : No statistically significant (p>0,05) alteration condyle position before and afterorthodontic treatment with extraction upper premolar. 19 subjects had supero-anteriorcondyle position, before and after orthodontic treatment and 11 subjects had non superoanteriorcondyle position before and after orthodontic treatment.Conclusion : The results of this study showed that orthodontic treatment with extractionupper premolars cause alteration condylar positions, but not statistically significant.Before and after orthodontic treatment, most of all condyles showed in superoanteriorpositions."

"Pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan pembenahan sistem dan insfrastrukturkesehatan khususnya Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas sebagai provider BPJS untukmengimplementasikan progam universal health coverage dalam SJSN. Tujuanpenelitian untuk mengetahui kebutuhan tempat tidur di Kabupaten BolaangMongondow Propinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam implementasi program SJSN.Metode penelitian yaitu penelitian operasional yang membuat estimasi danproyeksi kebutuhan tempat tidur, Pendekatan kualitatif dengan indepth interview(wawancara mendalam) kepada informan tertentu juga dilakukan agar dapatgambaran strategi kebijakan. Hasil penelitian yaitu estimasi jumlah TT tahun2013 antara ketersediaan TT dan kebutuhan TT mencukupi. Proyeksi jumlah TTtahun 2018 dan tahun 2023 yaitu kebutuhan TT meningkat tetapi ketersediaankurang. Strategi kebijakan yaitu pemerintah daerah membangun RS tipe C danakan mengembangkan Puskesmas Non Perawatan menjadi Puskesmas Perawatan.Hasil penelitian ini lebih lanjut diarahkan kepada pemerintah Kabupaten BolaangMongondow......The Indonesian government has to reform the health system and infrastructure inparticular hospitals and health centers as providers BPJS for implementationuniversal health coverage program in the Social Security System. Researchpurposes to determine the bed needs in Bolaang Mongondow Regency NorthSulawesi Province in SJSN program implementation. Research methods thatoperational research to make estimates and projected needs bed, qualitativeapproach with indepth interview to specific informants also done in order tooverview policy strategy. The results are estimates of the number of beds in 2013between the availability of beds and beds needs sufficient. Projected number ofbeds in 2018 and in 2023 the need for beds increased but the availability is less.Policy strategies that local governments establish hospitals type C and willdevelop PHC Non Care into Care PHC. Results of this study further directed togovernment Bolaang Mongondow Regency."

"Bea masuk sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan negara merupakan bagian dari penerimaan perpajakan pada subpos penerimaan pajak perdagangan internasional, yang perlu diperkirakan target pencapaiannya sesuai dengan proyeksi kondisi perekonomian di masa yang akan datang. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu model proyeksi penerimaan bea masuk yang akurat agar perencanaan pemerintah yang telah dibuat dapat direalisasikan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan bea masuk, terutama yang terkait dengan faktor makro ekonomi serta sektor industri sesuai jenis lapangan usaha yang ada di dalam perekonomian, untuk kemudian disusun suatu model proyeksi berdasarkan teori ekonomi. Penyusunan model proyeksi penerimaan bea masuk dilakukan secara agregat dan secara sektoral. Secara agreragat yakni penyusunan model menggunakan data komoditi impor yang nilainya bersifat akumulatif, yang telah dikelompokkan sesuai jenis lapangan usaha pada PDB, dengan data tahunan mulai tahun 1982 s.d. 2013. Sedangkan secara sektoral yakni proses penyusunan model dengan menggunakan data komoditi impor yang menyumbang penerimaan bea masuk dalam satu tahun, yang dikelompokkan sesuai HS 4 digit, dengan periode penelitian tahun 2004 s.d. 2013. Teknik penyusunan model menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan software STATA 12.0 sebagai alat olah data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model proyeksi penerimaan bea masuk yang paling akurat adalah model proyeksi secara agregat, dengan variabel bebas berupa total nilai impor komoditi subsektor pertanian, total nilai impor komoditi subsektor industri non migas, rasio pertumbuhan ekonomi, nilai tukar kurs rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika Serikat serta variebel dummy kebijakan perdagangan bebas.

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Import duties as one of state's income revenue are part of the international trade tax revenue subheading, which the target purpose need to be estimated in accordance with economic condition in the future. This requires a proper model of import duty revenue projection so that the government plans existed can be optimally realized. This study aims to analyze the factors that may affect the import duty revenue, especially those related to macroeconomic factors and industry sectors according to the type of business fields that existed in economic, and then formulate a projection model based on economic theory. Modelling projection of import duty revenue performed in the aggregate and sectoral. In agreragat means that the preparation of the model using data imported commodities whose value is accumulative, which have been grouped according to the type of business field in GDP, with annual data began in 1982 - 2013. Sectoral means that the process of data modelling using annual data imported commodity with largest contribution to import duty revenue, which are grouped according to the HS 4-digit, with a study period of 2004 - 2013. Modelling technique using multiple linear regression with STATA 12.0 software as a data processing tool. The results showed that the model of import duty revenue projections are most accurate in the aggregate projection model, with the independent variables such as the total value of imports of commodity subsectors of agriculture, the total value of imports of non-oil commodity sub-sectors, the economic growth rate, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the U.S. dollar and dummy variable free trade policies."