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"Farmers perform double roles at the same time in treating rice commodity, that are as producers and as consumers. This research tried to find out the average amount of rice marketable surplus at the hand of farmers? households and to analyze which variables significantly influence the surplus. The results of the research conducted in four rice production centres od South Sumatra reveal that the average rice consumption of famers? households were 98,42 kg per person or 402.75 kg per household with 4 members, while their rice production were 5842,75 kg per household. Farmers in all rice production centers have actually carried out marketable surplus on their rice production as their consumed a portion as needed and sold the majority amounts to the market. There were variations of rice consumed between rice production centers. Rice marketable surplus in all production centers (OKU Timur, OKI, Musi Rawas and Banyuasin) were significantly influenced by rice production. In three production centers, the rice production also was influenced significantly by the number of household members and off-farm income, while in two production centers, it was also determined by rice price and age composition of farmer family members. The other variables affected rice marketable surplus exclusively in each area"

"Konsumen di dunia belakangan ini semakin berkembang kesadarannya dalam mengkonsumsi suatu produk apakah produk dari perusahaan tersebut mempunyai tanggung jawab secara lingkungan. Kemudian perusahaan berusaha meningkatkan pemakaian green marketing karena perusahaan menerima environmental marketing menjadi suatu kesempatan yang dapat digunakan untuk meraih tujuan-tujuannya. (Keller 1987, Shearer 1990). Perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut memodifikasi produk, merubah proses produksi, perubahan kemasan, sebagaimana iklan yang telah dimodifikasi dengan istilah phosphate free, recyclable, refillable, ozone friendly, dan ramah Iingkungan.Kemudian akhir-akhir ini di Indonesia juga banyak produsen kosmetik yang menawarkan produk yang ramah lingkungan, baik yang produksi luar negeri maupun dalam negeri. Jika dikaitkan dengan awareness tentang peduli lingkungan di Indonesia timbul suatu pertanyaan apakah produsen kosmetik di Indonesia telah perlu menjual produknya dengan value bahwa produknya ramah lingkungan.SaIah satu produsen kosmetik dui United Kingdom (UK), The Body Shop (TBS) yang terkenal dengan program-program peduli lingkungan dan merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang menjadikan isu lingkungan sebagai budaya perusahaan, telah masuk di Indonesia pada tahun 1992. Sampai tahun 2005 jumlah gerai telah mencapai 46 buah dan total penjualannya juga meningkat. Timbul pertanyaan apakah benar bahwa konsumen The Body Shop di Jakarta, dalam keputusan membelinya dipengaruhi oleh motif peduli lingkungan? Oleh karena itu penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sikap dan perilaku pembeli The Body Shop. Kemudian dapat diketahui apakah memang ada pengaruh sikap peduli lingkungan konsumen terhadap motivasi dalam membeli The Body Shop.Desain penelitian (research design) yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah gabungan riset eksploratori (exploratory research) dan riset deskriptif (descriptive research). Menggunakan metode sample survey, dengan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh adalah 120 responden. Target populasi yang dituju adalah pembeli The Body Shop yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Dari data yang telah dikumpulkan, dilakukan analisis deskriptif berupa frekuensi, mean dan tabulasi data serta analisis Anova. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara non probability sampling dengan metode convenience sampling dan disproportioned stratified sampling.Dari hasil penelitian ini brand image yang terbentuk dari beberapa asosiasi adalah sebagian besar positif. Konsumen The Body Shop termasuk unik. Jarang membeli produk, hanya datang ketika ada sale. Perceptual mapping di mata konsumen antara atribut pemilihan kosmetik dengan persepsi terhadap The Body Shop sama, tidak ada perbedaan yang mendasar. Dapat diketahui melalui analisis means score bahwa motivasi peduli lingkungan berpengaruh ketika mereka akan membeli produk TBS. Kemudian dengan analisis frekuensi pada karakter orang yang peduli lingkungan didapatkan hasil bahwa sifat orang yang peduli lingkungan memiliki presentase yang paling besar, hal ini mencerminkan bahwa responden tersebut adalah orang-orang yang aware terhadap isu-isu lingkungan.Dan hasil penelitian ini, maka TBS harus dapat berinovasi secara terus-menerus dengan menciptakan produk-produk dengan ukuran lebih kecil sehingga harga dapat terjangkau oleh konsumen atau calon konsumen TBS. TBS perlu membuat strategi pemasaran yang fokus kepada pria. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menarik pembeli pria dengan memberikan program-program spesial untuk pria, mengangkat isu-isu yang menarik tentang pria, dan membuat produk-produk yang benar-benar dibutuhkan oleh kaum pria.The Body Shop harus lebih aktif dalam mengkampanyekan kelima valuesnya supaya konsumen tahu bahwa values-values selain against animal testing seperti support community trade, activate self esteem, defend human rights, dan protect our planet juga bagus sehingga motivasi pembelian dari konsumenlcalon konsumen akan semakin meningkat. Peran Anita Roddick sebagai icon The Body Shop hams mulai dikurangi yaitu dengan cara menggunakan selebritis lokal yang memiliki image bagus, sesuai dengan values The Body Shop. Hal ini dilakukan karena selain mereka lebih mudah diterima dengan bahasa yang sama, kemudian juga karena komunikasi pemasaran menjadi lebih efektif.Dengan melihat psikografis target segmen The Body Shop, sebaiknya manajemen TBS membuat strategi pemasaran yang berbeda untuk kedua kategori yaitu independent caring dan work hard play hard. Untuk mereka yang masuk dalam kategori independent caring harus sering dibuat program promosi yang ekslusif, yaitu dengan membangkitkan kepedulian mereka secara social. Sedangkan untuk mereka yang masuk kategori work hard play hard, hares sering dibuat acara-acara yang melibatkan mereka secara berkelompok bersama selebritis idola mereka. Program CRM (Customer Relationship Management) juga diperlukan untuk membantu menggolongkan target segmennya dan memelihara hubungan yang baik dengan pelanggannya.

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Recently, consumers are becoming aware in consuming product. They concern about product which has an environmental responsibility. Then companies try to use green marketing because of companies accepting environmental marketing as an opportunity which can be used to achieve their goals (Keller 1987, Shearer 1990). Those companies has been modifying the products, change production process, change the package, like modifying advertising with name phosphate free, recyclable, refillable, ozone friendly and environmental friendly.

Lately, in Indonesia many cosmetics producers have been launching environmental friendly products, both foreign and local ones. In accordance to environmental awareness in Indonesia, there is a question whether cosmetic producers in Indonesia should sell their products with environmental friendly value.

One of the cosmetic producers from United Kingdom (UK), The Body Shop (TBS) which popular with environmental awareness programs has expanded to Indonesia on 1992. Besides, TBS also make environmental issues as a company's values. In 2005 total 46 outlets has been established and sales total has been increasing too in Indonesia. It raises a question. Is it true that the buying decision of The Body Shop's consumers in Jakarta influenced by environmental care motive? Therefore, this research has an aim to identify the attitude and behavior of those buyers.

This design of this research is a combination of exploratory research and descriptive research through sample survey with 120 respondents. This research target The Body Shop's buyers living in Jakarta and do the descriptive analysis such as frequency, mean, data cross tabs, and ANOVA analysis. The data collection use non probability sampling with convenience sampling and disproportioned stratified sampling method.

The results of this research shows that the brand image formed by some positive associations. The consumers of The Body Shop are unique because almost of them buy its products when there is a discount. Perceptual mapping in the consumers' perspectives about the attributes in cosmetics selection and their perceptions about The Body Shop are similar. By using means score analysis, there is influence of environmental awareness' attitude to the buying motivation of The Body Shop products. By using frequency analysis on characters of person who has environmental care, the result shows person who care about environmental has a highest percentage. It shows that the respondents are the people who care about environmental issues.

The Body Shop should innovate continuously by creating smaller products, so the prices can be reached by the consumers/becoming consumers. TBS should make marketing strategy focus on men. By delivering special programs for men, creating interesting issues on men, and creating products which are really need by men.

The Body Shop should be more active in their five values' campaign. Consumers should know all the good values besides against animal testing, like support community trade, activate self esteem, defend human rights and protect our planet. This can be raising the buying motivation of the consumers/becoming consumers. Anita Roddick's role as The Body Shop's icon has to be reduced. Local celebrities who have a good image can be involved in TB S's promotion programs. They can be accepted easily and also marketing communication will be more effective. The Body Shop management should make a different marketing strategy for two categories, independent caring and work hard play hard. For the independent and caring, TBS should make exclusive promotion programs, by involving them in social awareness. For the work hard and play hard, TBS should make programs which involving them in peer group together with their celebrity's idols. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) program is also needed to help categorize the segment target and maintain good relationship with the customers."

"The imposition of a 25 percent import tariff for cane sugar in Indonesia has rose a controversy. Sugar producers have persistently pressured the government of Indonesia to increase the tariff level to sufficiently protect domestic sugar industries. On the other hand, the government has not showed an indication to change the tariff level. This study was conducted to formulate import tariff levels as alternatives to solve the controversy. An alternative approach, called compromise approach, was used in this study. On the basis some objective factors, such as number of producers and consumers, price elasticities, and government policy bias, three alternatives of import tariff level, namely, neutral, bias to producer, and bias to consumer, are propused. The impacts of these import tarriff levels on government revenue, provenue price, and retail price are also discussed."