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"Kinship Politics as a form of control of political space by the elites makes it easier for their family members to win an election against other candidates. Kinship Politics is prone to abuse of power that benefits just a few people. The author studied this problem using philosophical reflection. Humans have a relentless desire to achieve success or felicity (as Hobbes stated) that requires humans to continue accumulating power. Power must be attained and defended, although it means forgoing the ethical foundation. For this reason, this study aimed to analyse the moral consequences of the desire for power of the political elites in the 2020 Regional-Head Election (Pilkada) through an ethical lens. This study used descriptive and literature study method, as well as a qualitative approach, and the results of the study showed that the kinship politics in the 2020 Pilkada should not be continued in the perspective of consequentialism ethic that emphasizes the goal of happiness for as many people as possible, since Kinship politics that concentrated the power in one person supported by the circle of power will benefit only a handful of people."

"Penelitian tentang dinamika politik elit dalam perjuangan kepentingan lokal dala kasus gerakan menolak privatisasi BUMN di daerah masih terbatas jumlahnya. Penelitian ini penting karena berbagai dinamika politik elit yang terjadi di pelbagai daerah lebih banyak dalam konteks day to day politics. Sementara dinamika politik elit di balik perjuangan kepentingan lokal, khususnya dalam kasus gerakan menuntut spin-off PT Semen Padang dari PT Semen Gresik Tbk boleh dikatakan belum ada sama sekali.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dinamika politik elit Sumbar antara tahun 1999-2003 yang terlibat dalam perjuangan menolak rencana Pemerintah Pusat menjual sisa sahamnya di PT SG ke Cemex Meksiko di mana di dalamnya termasuk Semen Padang dan Semen Tonasa. Permasalahan yang diajukan mengenai tan kmenarikkepentingan elit yang terlibat aktif dalam gerakan lokal menuntut pemisahan SP dan faktor-faktor signifikan yang mendorong munculnya gerakan tersebut serta gerakan kontraelit, dipinjam dari teori elit yang dikemukakan Vilpredo Pareto, Robert Putnam, R Michels, Suzanna Keller, Dwaine Marvick dan beberapa lainnya.Dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan studi pustaka dikumpulkan data-data yang kemudian dengan menggunakan analisa kualitatif. Dari analisa tersebut penulis menemukan, gerakan politik elit yang terjadi dalam kasus tuntutan spin-off SP dari SG dilandasi dua motivasi sekaligus, yakni idealisme kedaerahan dan kepentingan pribadi segelintir aktor, balk berupa kepentingan bisnis maupun kepentingan politik. Ada dua pemicu munculnya tarik-menarik kepentingan elit lokal yakni (konteks) transisi politik pasca-otoriterianisme, konflik kewenangan antara provinsi dan kabupatenlkota, dan persaingan ekonomi politik lokal yang cukup ketat di era reformasi.Dari segi implikasi teoretis, dinamika elit yang terjadi dalam gerakan menuntut spin-off SP memperkuat penjelasan tentang kecenderungan perilalcu elit yang sutra mengklaim kepentingan publik untuk kepentingan diri sendiri dan kelompok. Dinamika elit dalam gerakan spin-off SP juga mempertegas kecenderungan perpecahan di kalangan elit yang ditandai dengan munculnya manuver kelompokkelompok kontra-elit terhadap kelompok elit "mainstream ".

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The research on political elites' dynamic in the struggle for local interest is still limited in particular to the case study of movement rejecting state's companies' privatization in several regions. This research is important because various political elites' dynamic in various regions are basically day to day politics. Meanwhile discussion on the dynamic of political elites behind the local interest's struggle, particularly the case of PT Semen Padang demand to spin-off from PT Semen Gresik Tbk, is none existent.

This research focus on the political elites' dynamic in Western Sumatra between 1999 - 2003 involved in the struggle to reject the central government's plan to sell its share on PT Semen Gresik (which include Semen Padang and Semen Tonasa) to Cemex, Mexico. The problem posed in this thesis are the struggle between elites' interests actively involved in local movement demanding the separation of Semen Padang and the significant factors urging the emergence of this movement and counter elite's movement, borrowed from elite theory posed by Vilfredo Pareto, Robert Putnam, R. Michels, Suzanne Keller, Dwaine Marvick, etc.

By using interview technique, field observation, and literature study, data was compiled and analyze using qualitative analysis. From this analysis, the writer found that elite political movement happened in Semen Padang's spin-off demand case to Semen Gresik based on two motivations, regional idealism and personal interest of certain actors, both business and political interests. There are two things that triggered the struggle of local elites' interest, the (context of) political transition post-authoritarianism, authority conflicts between province and kabupaten/kota, and local political economy harsh competition during Reformation era.

The theoretical implication of this study is that the elite dynamic happened in Semen Padang spin-off demand movement strengthen the explanation on the tendency of elites' behavior often claiming the public interest as their own personal and group interest. Elite dynamics in Semen Padang spin-off movement also underlined the tendency of splitting within the elites shown by the emergence of counter-elite group movements' maneuvers over the mainstream elite group."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari jawaban mengenai faktor-faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi kemenangan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera pada Pemilu legislatif 2004 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan bagaimana strategi yang digunakan Partai Keadilan Sejahtera untuk memenangkan pemilu tersebut.Sebagai pijakan teoritis, penelitian ini menggunakan teori partai politik, kampanye politik, dan teori elit. Penulis melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggabungkan berbagai sumber, baik data primer maupun sekunder dan melalui wawancara. Sumber data utama, diambil dari wawancara mendalam dengan elit PKS yang menjabat sebagai pengurus DPP, DPW, dan DPD sebanyak 5 orang, ditambah wawancara dengan 1 orang akademisi sebagai pembanding.Dari pertanyaan penelitian di atas, ditemukan beberapa faktor penyebab kemenangan PKS di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu: faktor citra partai meliputi citra partai yang bersih dan peduli, responsif, dan anti KKN. Faktor fungsi partai yang berjalan dengan baik, meliputi fungsi komunikasi politik, sosialisasi politik, rekrutmen politik, dan pengatur konflik. Terakhir yaitu strategi partai yang meliputi konsolidasi, marketing, pengelolaan pemilih, dan optimalisasi leader di lapangan.Penemuan hasil penelitian di lapangan adalah bahwa faktor citra partai yang positif di masyarakat menjadi faktor yang dominan bagi kemenangan PKS pada Pemilu legislatif 2004 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Sedangkan faktor fungsi partai dan strategi partai menjadi faktor pendwcung penyebab kemenangan PKS pada Pemilu legislatif 2004 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta.Implikasi teori menunjukan bahwa proses pencitraan PKS dilakukan melalui kampanye politik. Seperti dikemukakan Riswandha Imawan, bahwa ada tiga dimensi kegiatan kampanye politik, yaitu dimensi dagang, komunikasi politik, dan mobilisasi. Sebagai dimensi dagang, elit PKS hares pandai mengkemas tema kampanye secantik mungkin, sehingga dapat menarik perhatian pemilih. Kampanye politik digunakan PKS untuk memasarkan citra partai yang bersih dan peduli, politik pencitraan yang dilakukan PKS menghasilkan suara yang signifikan pada Pemilu legislatif 2004. Kesimpulannya, teori yang dikemukakan oleh Riswandha Imawan tentang kegiatan kampanye politik yang berdimensi dagang, sesuai dengan apa yang telah dilakukan oleh PKS di lapangan.

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This research aims to find the answer of factors that stimulate the triumphant of Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in the legislative election in 2004 in Jakarta and the strategy used by the party to win the election.

As a theoretical framework, this research applies theory of political party, political campaign, and elite. This research also uses qualitative method, meanwhile the technique of data analysis is descriptive analytics. To collect data needed in the research, several sources, primary and secondary data, are combined and done through interview. Primary data sources are in-depth interview with five elites as the functionaries of the party from DPP, DPW and DPD. An interview with a scholar is added to compare the analysis.

From the research questions, it is found that there are several factors as reasons for the triumphant of the party in Jakarta, which are image of the party as clean and responsive party, and against any form of corruptions; good implementation of the function of political party, such as political communication, political socialization, and political recruitment; and the strategy of the party such as consolidation, marketing, constituent management, and party cadre in the society.

The finding or the research in the field is that positive image of the party is the dominant factor for the triumphant. Meanwhile, the function and the strategy of the party are the secondary factors.

Theoretical implication of the research is that imagination process of the party is set through political campaign. As stated by Riswandha Imawan, there are three dimensions of political campaign, which are market dimension, political communication, and mobilization. According to the market dimension. Elite of the party must be good to cover up the campaign to attract the voters. The party developed its campaign as clean and responsive party; the politic of imagination of the party has obtained significant voters in the election of 2004. To conclude, theory stated by Riswandha Irnawan on market dimension is suitable with what PKS did in the election."

"Kota Padang sebagai salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang menerapkan kebijakan berdasarkan syariah atau kebijakan yang bersumber dari ajaran agama Islam, seperti Perda No. 6 Tahun 2003 tentang Wajib Pandai Baca Tulis Al Quran dan Intruksi Walikota Padang Nomor 451.422/Binsos-III/2005 tentang Kewajiban Mengenakan Jilbab dan Busana Islami (bagi penduduk yang memeluk Islam) dan Anjuran Memakainya (untuk non-Muslim). Tesis ini menganalisis latarbelakang dan kepentingan elite politik Kota Padang di balik munculnya kebijakan tersebut. kerangka analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori elite dan teori kebijakan publik.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam. Pemilihan target informan dalam penelitian ini adalah stakeholders atau elite politik di Kota Padang yang terlibat dalam munculnya kebijakan berdasarkan syariah tersebut. pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis.Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa walikota Padang memunculkan kebijakan berdasarkan syariah dengan alas an bahwa perilaku para pelajar di Kota Padang banyak yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan filosofi kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau yang memegang teguh falsafah adat ?Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah. Namun bagi elite politik, ruang ABS-SBK tidak semata konstruksi kultural, tetapi juga ruang politis, mereka menjadikan jargon budaya itu sebagai latarbelakang untuk menerapkan kebijakan berdasarkan syariah yang populis sebagai agenda untuk meraih simpati dari masayarakat Kota Padang.

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Padang City is one of several regions in Indonesia which implements sharia based policies or policies derived from the teachings of Islam, such as the Regulation No. 6 of 2003 about compulsory of Quran literacy and the Instruction No. 451.422/Binsos-III/2005 about obligation wearing hijab and Islamic clothing (for moslem) and the suggestion to wear it (for non-Moslims). This thesis will analyze the background the interests of Padang's political elite behind the rise of those sharia based policies, of the emergence of policy and political interest of the ruling elite on those sharia based policy. This study used elite theory and public policy theory, as it tools of analysis.

This is a qualitative research using in-depth interviews for data collection. Informants in this research are stakeholders or Padang political elite who were involved in the making of those sharia based policy. The data is analyzed using by descriptive-analytical method.

This research shows that sharia based policies can be comprehended as a manifestation in increasing local participation in developing the religious life and supporting government programs. Padang the mayor based his sharia based policies on current condition of students behavior in Padang who are no longer in accordance with the Minangkabau philosophy of life which uphold the philosophy of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah. But for the political elite, ABS-SBK space is not merely a cultural construction, but also the political space, they make the cultural philosophy as background to implement populist policies based on sharia agenda to gain the sympathy of the citizen of Padang. "