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"Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology (TIJSAT) contains original research articles, review articles, and short communications. The objectives are to publicize and promote the research contributions and innovative works in the fields associated with science and technology. Areas covered include:1. Biological sciences such as biology, zoology, botany, genetics, agriculture, ecology.2. Engineering such as electrical engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, environmental engineering, computer engineering; and information technology.3. Health sciences such as medicine, dentistry, veterinary, pharmacy, physical therapy, nursing, public health.4. Physical sciences such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, statistics.The journal is published 4 issues per year No.1 January-March, No.2 April-June, No.3 July-September and No.4 October-December.Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology is currently indexed in both national and international electronic/online databases, namely, Thai-Journal Citation Index (TCI) Tier 1, Thai Journals Online (ThaiJO), ASEAN Citation Index (ACI), Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB)."

"ABSTRAKSom Kung, locally known as wild grape, belongs to the Vitaceae family and its scientific name is Ampelocissus martini. Its leaf, root and bark are used in traditional Thai medicine for providing relief of symptoms. In this work we studied the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of vines and rhizomes of Ampelocissus martini. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemical screening of the various extracts revealed the presence of terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, phenolic acid and alkaloid. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were investigated by using Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric aluminum chloride assays, respectively. The results showed that the methanolic extract of vines and rhizomes gave significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. In addition, the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of both parts had higher antioxidant activities than their hexane extracts. Positive correlation coefficients were observed (r = 0.987) between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and also (r = 0.998) between DPPH and ABTS. The present study provides evidence that solvent extracts of A. martini contain important bioactive compounds, especially the methanol extract, which produced a number of phytochemical compounds. Further study will isolate and identify the active compounds of vines and rhizomes from this solvent."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi diabetes melitus (DM) di Indonesia tinggi. Salah satu jenisterapi yang sering digunakan yakni inhibitor α-glukosidase. Akibat efek samping yangditimbulkan obat sintetik dan sumber daya yang terbatas, berbagai studi menemukantanaman herbal memiliki berbagai senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidaseagar menjadi obat alternatif DM. Salah satunya ialah makroalgae atau rumput laut. Diperairan Indonesia bagian timur terdapat alga hijau Bornetella oligospora yangberlimpah.Tujuan: Menguji aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase dan senyawa fitokimia yangterkandung pada ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol Bornetella oligospora.Metode: Dilakukan uji fitokimia terhadap saponin, flavonoid, tanin, glikosida,triterpenoid, steroid, dan alkaloid; uji kromatografi lapis tipis; dan uji in vitro inhibisi α-glukosidase pada ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol Bornetella oligosporaHasil: Ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol Bornetella oligospora mengandung flavonoid,glikosida, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Uji kromatografi lapis tipis ekstrak etanolmenunjukkan lima titik dengan Rf 0,545, 0,527, 0,5, 0,473, dan 0,154, sedangkan padaekstrak etil asetat ditemukan dua titik dengan Rf 0,58 dan 0,64. Uji inhibisi α-glukosidase menunjukkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol 11,702 ppm dan ekstrak etil asetat95,384 ppm.Diskusi: Ekstrak etil asetat dan etanol Bornetella oligospora memiliki aktivitas inhibisiα-glukosidase, meskipun tidak sebaik akarbosa. Kandungan fitokimia yang terkandungpada ekstrak juga memiliki efek antidiabetes.Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Bornetella oligospora berpotensi menjadi agen antidiabetes

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Background: Indonesia has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. One of the first line

theraphy of diabetes mellitus is α-glucosidase inhibitors. Due to its side effects caused

by syntethic drugs and limited sources, various studies have found that many herbal

plants consist of bioactive compounds and exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. One

of which are macroalgae or seaweed. In the eastern Indonesian ocean, there is an

abundant green algae called Bornetella oligospora.

Objective: To examine the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and phytochemical

compounds in ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Bornetella oligospora.

Methods: A phytochemical tests on saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides,

triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids; thin layer chromatography test; and α-glucosidase

inhibition assay was carried out on ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Bornetella

oligospora.

Results: The phytochemical components of ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of

Bornetella oligospora are flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, and steroids. The thin

layer chromatography test showed ethanol extract have five spots with Rf 0,545, 0,527,

0,5, 0,473, and 0,154, while the ethyl acetate extract has two spots with Rf 0.58 and

0.64. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay showed IC50 values of the ethanol extract was

11,702 ppm and ethyl acetate extract was 95,384 ppm.

Discussion: Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Bornetella oligospora showed α-

glucosidase inhibitory activity, although they are not as good as acarbose. The

phytochemical content of the extract also has an antidiabetic effect.

Conclusion: Bornetella oligospora extract has the potential to be an antidiabetic agent"

"The Robusta coffee flowers were analyzed for phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. Flower powders at three different stages were extracted successively with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, resulting in the extracts of varying yields (1.61-16.01%). All crude extracts were constituted of flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. The methanol crude extracts exhibited the best antioxidant activity on both DPPH (EC50 0.03-0.13 mg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 0.19-0.46 mg/mL). It also contained the highest amount of total phenols (28.32-139.88 mg GAE/g extract)."

"ABSTRAKDaruju (acanthus ilicifolius L.) is a member of Ancanthaceae, which is often found mangrove forests, beach, marshy lands or river banks. Its leaf morphological characters and its phytochemical contents make this plant can be used both as ornamental plant and medicinal plant."

"The antioxidant activities of the n-hexane ethylacetate and methanol extracts of Garcinia parvifolia Miq.parts ( the stem bark,root,leaf and fruit) had been tested....."

"ABSTRACTThis study investigated the phytochemical screening and biological activity of Sesbania grandiflora ( L. ), locally named as "Khae ban", bark extractions, which were soft and hard barks. The phytochemical screening was carried out on the extraction of each particular bark with 95% Hexane, 95% Ethyl acetate, and 95% Ethanol for Alkaloids, Steroids, Tannins, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids. The anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated for scavenging of nitric oxide free radicals ( NO), and the collagen extent was determined by Hydroxyproline assay. The results from phytochemical screening indicated that the 95% of ethanol extraction of hard bark provided a more positive result than those of others. The hard bark's extraction showed IC50 value ranging from 45.83 ± 14.95 to 254.86 ± 7.58 microgram per milliliter, which was a significantly statistical difference (P<0.05) from scavenging of nitric oxide free radicals (NO), and higher activity than that of soft bark. However, the highest activity of soft bark's extraction was found in 95% of Ethyl acetate with IC50 value of 470.24 ± 3.63 microgram per milliliter. In hard bark's extractions, the 95% ethanol extraction not only showed the highest activity (IC50 value of 45.85 ± 47.78 microgram per milliliter), but at the low concentration of extraction had collagen content of 49. 89 microgram per milliliter, which was higher than that in other solvents. This research indicated the Khae ban's hard bark extraction in 95% of ethanol and potentially able to be developed as a cosmeceutical product or mouth sore product treating mouth ulcer."

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Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemik dan akumulasi stress oksidatif mikrovaskular. Tanaman daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) diketahui memiliki efek antidiabetes dan antioksidan, sehingga berpotensi sebagai terapi alternatif dari diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol tanaman daun afrika dengan metode inhibisi DPPH dan enzim α-glukosidase serta menginvestigasi metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada tiap ekstrak. Tanaman daun afrika diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol, air, dan campuran air:etanol (1:1). Tiap ekstrak dilakukan skrining fitokimia, kromatografi lapis tipis, dan LC-MS. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji inhibisi  ekstrak tanaman daun afrika terhadap radikal bebas DPPH dan enzim α-glukosidase. Aktivitas inhibisi dinyatakan dengan nilai IC50. Perbedaan komposisi air dan etanol mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan metabolit sekunder, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas antidiabetes dari ekstrak daun afrika. Ekstrak campuran air:etanol (1:1) mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dan antidiabetes yang lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol daun afrika. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid. IC50 dari ekstrak campuran air:etanol (1:1) terhadap DPPH adalah 418,5 µg/mL, sedangkan nilai IC50 terhadap enzim α-glukosidase adalah 585,8 µg/mL. Ekstrak campuran air:etanol (1:1) tanaman daun afrika dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai antioksidan dan antidiabetes.

 

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Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemic conditions that can cause various complications through the accumulation of microvascular oxidative stress. Bitter leaf plants (Vernonia amygdalina) are known to have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects, so they have the potential as an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus. This research is conducted to analyze the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of water and ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina measured by using DPPH and α-glucosidase inhibition and investigated its secondary metabolites contained. The extraction of Vernonia amygdalina was conducted using ethanol, water, and a mixture of water:ethanolic (1:1). Each extract was analyzed by phytochemical screening, and LC-MS. The extract of Vernonia amygdalina were then tested for its inhibition acitivity toward DPPH  and α-glucosidase enzyme. The inhibition activity of each tests was calculated in IC50 value. The composition of water and ethanol solvents affects the antioxidant activity and its secondary metabolites, but not the antidiabetic acitivity in Vernonia amygdalina extract. The mixed water extract:ethanolic (1:1) had higher antioxidant and antidiabetic activity than the water extract and the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The IC50 value of the water:ethanol (1:1) mixture extract against DPPH was 418.5 µg/mL and the IC50 value for α-glukosidase enzyme was 585.8 µg/mL. The mixture of water:ethanolic (1:1) extract of Vernonia amygdalina could be observed and improved further as an antioxidant and antidiabetec agents.

 

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"Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolisme kronis yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah. Salah satu terapi diabetes melitus adalah dengan menurunkan kadar glukosa post-prandial melalui penghambatan enzim yang menghidrolisis karbohidrat yaitu α-amilase dan α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penghambatan aktivitas enzim pada kulit batang Garcinia hombroniana Pierre serta kandungan pada ekstrak teraktif. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut yang kepolarannya meningkat, yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Uji penghambatan α-amilase dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis (λ=490 nm). Sedangkan, uji penghambatan α-glukosidase dilakukan menggunakan microplate reader (λ=405 nm). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit batang Garcinia hombroniana Pierre memiliki memiliki aktivitas penghambatan α-amilase terbaik dengan nilai IC50 8,91μg/mL. Sedangkan hasil penghambatan α-glukosidase menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit batang Garcinia hombroniana Pierre memiliki memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbaik dengan nilai IC50 37,18 μg/mL. IC50 dari standar akarbose adalah sebesar 91,17 μg/mL. Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa pada ekstrak metanol kulit batang Garcinia hombroniana Pierre mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, dan tannin.

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. One therapy for treating diabetes mellitus is to decrease postprandial glucose levels by inhibition of carbohydrates-hydrolysing enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

The aim of this research was to determine enzyme inhibition activity of Garcinia hombroniana Pierre barks and to identify chemical constituent group in the most active extract. Extraction was done by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and metanol. α-Amylase inhibition was tested using spectrophotometer UV-Vis (λ=490 nm). Meanwhile, α-glucosidase inhibition was tested using microplate reader (λ=405 nm).

The result showed that methanol extract of Garcinia hombroniana Pierre barks had the best inhibition α-Amylase activity with IC50 of 8.91 μg/mL. Methanol extract of Garcinia hombroniana Pierre barks also had the best inhibition α-glucosidase activity with IC50 of 37.18 μg/mL. Acarbose as a standard had IC50 of 91.17 μg/mL Phytochemical screening showed metanol extract of Garcinia hombroniana Pierre barks generally contain flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins."

"Radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat menimbulkan stress oksidatif yang menjadi etiologi beberapa penyakit. Kondisi stress oksidatif ini dapat dihambat dengan adanya senyawa antioksidan. Garcinia merupakan salah satu marga tumbuhan yang telah diketahui manfaatnya sebagai antioksidan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan mengidentifikasi golongan senyawa kimia pada fraksi dari ekstrak etil asetat daun Garcinia bancana Miq. Fraksinasi ekstrak etil asetat daun Garcinia bancana Miq dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom. Pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan fraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal DPPH dan metode FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power.Hasil uji dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan paling aktif terdapat pada fraksi 4 dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 10,373 g/mL. Pada pengujian FRAP aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi juga terdapat pada fraksi 4 yaitu dengan nilai FeEAC sebesar 470,892 mol/g. Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia pada fraksi 4 sebagai fraksi teraktif menunjukkan adanya flavonoid dan terpenoid.

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Free radicals in the human body can cause oxidative stress that becomes the etiology of some diseases. This oxidative stress condition can be inhibited by the presence of antioxidant compounds. Garcinia is one of the genus which is known to have antioxidant activity.This study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and identify the chemical compounds of fraction from ethyl acetate extract of Garcinia bancana Miq leaves. Fractionation of ethyl acetate extract of Garcinia bancana Miq leaves was done by column chromatography. The measurement of antioxidant activity was determine by DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power method.The results showed that fraction 4 was the most active fraction with IC50 value 10.373 g mL. Meanwhile in FRAP method, the most active fraction was also found in fraction 4 with FeEAC value 470.892 mol g. The result of phytochemical screening in fraction 4 as the most active fraction, showed the existence of flavonoid and terpenoid compound. "