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"scleroderma is an autoimmune disease characterized by organ fibrosis, resistant to standard treatment. It is suspected the addition of Physalis angulata Linn. (Ciplukan) extract as adjuvant therapy can improve the scleroderma skin fibrosis. The aim at this study is to evaluate the effect of ciplukan extract as adjuvant on scleroderma skin fibrosis in standard therapy, based on modified Rodnan skin scale (MRSS), inflammatory biomarkers, immunology and serum fibrosis. Methods: double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed in scleroderma patients with stable disease at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and Hasan Sadikin hospital during November 2015−March 2017 who met the selection criteria and continued to receive standard therapy. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: the study group received the ciplukan extract 3 x 250 mg / day for 12 weeks and the placebo group. Examination of MRSS, ESR, P1NP, BAFF and sCD40L was performed every 4 weeks until the end of the study. Results: fifty-nine subjects completed the study. They consisted of 29 subjects of the treatment group and 30 of the placebo group, with an average age of 41 (SD 9) years, the proportion of women: male = 9 : 1. There was a significant improvement of skin fibrosis in the study group with a highly significant decrease in MRSS (35.9% VS 6.3%, p <0.001) and a relative decrease in P1NP levels (17.8% VS 0.7%, p = 0.002). No decrease in ESR, BAFF and sCD40L levels in both groups. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between MRSS with P1NP levels (r = 0.236, p = 0.036). Conclusion: Ciplukan extract with dose 3 x 250 mg for 12 weeks as adjuvant on scleroderma standard therapy alleviates skin fibrosis significantly based on MRSS and P1NP levels."
Jakarta: University of Indonesia. Faculty of Medicine, 2019
610 UI-IJIM 51:4 (2019)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Michael Vin
"Radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif, yang berdampak negatif pada kesehatan. Antioksidan, terutama dari tanaman obat, memiliki kemampuan untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi antioksidan serta aktivitas protektif daun ciplukan (Physalis angulata) terhadap radikal bebas pada embrio zebrafish dan brine shrimp. Fragmen-fragmen pengenal serbuk simplisia daun dan daun ciplukan diidentifikasi secara mikroskopik. Metode ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) digunakan untuk mengekstraksi daun ciplukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Profil fitokimia ekstrak dianalisis melalui skrining fitokimia dan LC-MS. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa daun ciplukan mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, dan glikosida. Selain itu, data LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa daun ciplukan mengandung physalin A, robinetin 3-rutinosid, dan pheophorbid A, yang telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro dengan metode DPPH, ABTS, dan FRAP. Ketiga uji masing-masing menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 126,423 ± 2,09 ppm, 46,292 ± 0,49 ppm, dan 15,977 ± 0,31 FeSO4 E g/100 g ekstrak. Selanjutnya, efek protektif dari ekstrak juga dievaluasi dengan pengujian toksisitas dan efek protektif secara in vivo pada embrio zebrafish dan brine shrimp. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas pada embrio zebrafish praktis tidak toksik (LC50 158,947 ppm) dan pada brine shrimp cukup toksik (LC50 264,289 ppm). Efek protektif dari radikal bebas H2O2 pada keduanya berada di konsentrasi 12,5–50 ppm, dengan persentase bertahan hidup yang lebih tinggi daripada kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% daun ciplukan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan efek protektif terhadap radikal bebas H2O2.

Free radicals could induce oxidative stress, negatively affecting health. Antioxidants, including from medicinal plants, can counteract these effects. This study investigates the antioxidant potential and protective properties of gooseberry (Physalis angulata) leaf extract on zebrafish embryo and brine shrimp. Identification of fragments from leaf simplicial powder and leaves are done microscopically. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract gooseberry leaves using 96% ethanol solvent. The phytochemical profile of the extract was analyzed through phytochemical screening and LC-MS. Phytochemical screening results showed that gooseberry leaves contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. LC-MS analysis identified key antioxidants such as physalin A, robinetin 3-rutinoside, and pheophorbide A. In vitro antioxidant assessments using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 126.423 ± 2.09 ppm, 46.292 ± 0.49 ppm, and 15.977 ± 0.31 FeSO4 E g/100 g extract, respectively. In vivo studies evaluated toxicity and protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress, revealing nontoxic activity in zebrafish embryos and moderate toxicity in brine shrimp. The results indicated that toxicity in zebrafish embryos was practically non-toxic (LC50 value of 158,947 ppm), while in brine shrimp was moderately toxic (LC50 value of 264,289 ppm). The protective effect against H2O2-induced free radicals in both models was observed at concentrations of 12.5–50 ppm. These findings demonstrate that the extract has protective effects as evidenced by higher survival rates compared to the positive control group. In conclusion, the 96% ethanolic extract of gooseberry leaves shows promising antioxidant and protective properties against oxidative stress."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Anggun Septeza Dewi
"ABSTRAK
Physalis angulata L. merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan sebagai obat
tradisional, oleh karena itu untuk menjaga ketersediaannya perlu dilakukan
budidaya, salah satunya dengan kultur in vitro. Penelitian yang dilakukan
bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons eksplan daun P. angulata pada medium MS
vitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1); MS vitamin MS + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2);
MS vitamin MS + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS vitamin B5 + 2,4-
D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS vitamin B5 + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS vitamin B5 +
kombinasi NAA 0,5 mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). Eksplan dikultur dengan
fotoperiodesitas 12 jam. Terdapat 4 kategori respons, yaitu terbentuknya kalus
(K), Akar adventif (A), kalus yang kemudian diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akar
advenif (KA), serta kalus yang kemudian juga diikuti dengan tumbuhnya akar
adventif dan tunas adventif (KAT). Eksplan dapat membentuk K dan KA
diseluruh medium, sedangkan eksplan yang membentuk A saja hanya terlihat di
medium M2. Sementara itu, eksplan yang membentuk KAT juga hanya terlihat di
medium M3 dan M6. Secara keseluruhan, eksplan menunjukkan respons banyak
terbentuk di medium M6. Pada penelitian ini, eksplan dapat merespons media
perlakuan melalui tahapan kalogenesis dan organogenesis.

ABSTRACT
Physalis angulata L. is plant widely used in traditional medicines, therefore to
keep its availability the cultivation is required, one way to ensure its availability is
by using in vitro culture. Research aims to know response of P. angulata?s leaves
explant on medium MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M1);
MS supplemented with MS vitamins + 2,4-D 0,4 mg l -1 (M2); MS supplemented
with MS vitamins + NAA 0,5 mg l-1 & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M3), MS supplemented
with B5 vitamins + 2,4-D 0,3 mg l -1 (M4); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins +
2,4-D 0,4 mg l-1 (M5); MS supplemented with B5 vitamins + kombinasi NAA 0,5
mgl & BAP 0,5 mg l-1 (M6). The explant were cultured with photoperiodisity in
12 hours. The result show there are four categories response, the first, explant
response to form a callus (K), explant response to form adventitious root (A), next
is the callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root (KA), and
the last one callus formation that followed by the growth of adventitious root and
adventitious shoot. The explant could form K and KA in every medium, but the
one that form A only found in M2. However, the explant that form KAT only
found in several medium, which are medium M3 and M6. Overall, the explant
show response many formed in medium M6. By this research, the explant could
response to several action, such as through organogenesis and calogenesis."
2016
S65622
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hutahuruk, Albert Hendrico
"ABSTRAK
Kemampuan ekstrak daun Physalis angulata daun ciplukan sebagai inhibitor ramah lingkungan di lingkungan HCl 1 M diinvestigasi menggunakan pengujian polarisasi linear dan weight loss. Adapun diinvestigasi flavonoid dan antioksidan yang menginhibisi permukaan Baja API 5L melalui pengujian FTIR. Variabel bebas yang dipakai yaitu ekstrak konsentrasi inhibitor dalam HCl 1 M, yakni 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, dan 50 mL. Ekstrak daun ciplukan mengandung senyawaan flavonoid yang merupakan inhibitor campuran yang dominan katodik. Inhibitor ini mampu mencegah kerusakan catastrophic akibat agresivitas HCl 1 M dengan mekanisme physisorption hingga 192 jam. Efisiensi inhibitor yang paling tinggi ada di konsentrasi 50 mL sebesar 98,9. Inhibitor ekstrak daun ciplukan berpotensi sebagai inhibitor ramah lingkungan bagi Baja API 5L dilingkungan HCl 1 M.

ABSTRACT
The ability of Physalis angulata leaves extract as green inhibitor in HCl 1 M environment has been investigated with linear polarization measurement and weight loss method. FTIR analysis was used to investigate flavonoid and antioxidant compound that plays an important role to inhibit corrosion. The free variable that has been used in this study was 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, dan 50 mL. Physalis angulata leaves extract that contain flavonoid play role as mixed inhibitor that predominantly cathodic. This inhibitor can prevent cathasthropic damage due to aggressiveness of HCl 1 M with physisorption mechanism up to 192 hours. The concentration that showed highest efficiency 98.9 was 50 mL. It can be concluded that Physalis angulata leaves extract could be used as an alternative and environmental friendly inhibitor for API 5L in HCl 1 M environment."
2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Najmawati Sulaiman
"ABSTRAK
Nama : Najmawati SulaimanProgram Studi : S2 Ilmu KimiaJudul : Sintesis Nanomaterial La2O3-NiO Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Ciplukan dan Aktivitas Fotokatalitiknya terhadap Methyl OrangePembimbing : Dr. Yoki Yulizar, M.Sc. Pendekatan konvensional telah dilakukan untuk mensintesis dan meningkatkan kinerja La2O3. Akan tetapi, sintesis nanopartikel La2O3 masih menggunakan metode konvensional yang melibatkan bahan kimia yang berbahaya dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Untuk itu, diperlukan pendekatan green synthesis menggunakan ekstrak tanaman yang ramah lingkungan, aman, tidak berbahaya dan terjangkau. Aktivitas fotokatalitik NPs La2O3 dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara memodifikasi NPs La2O3 dengan NPs NiO secara in-situ membentuk nanomaterial La2O3-NiO. Ekstrak daun ciplukan Physalis Angulata mengandung alkaloid yang berperan sebagai sumber basa, flavonoid, saponin, polifenol yang berfungsi sebagai pengstabil dalam sintesis nanopartikel La2O3 dan La2O3-NiO. NPs NiO juga disintesis sebagai variabel kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi NPs La2O3 dan La2O3-NiO menggunakan ekstrak daun ciplukan serta mengamati aktivitas fotokatalitiknya terhadap Methyl Orange.Hasil sintesis NPs La2O3 dan La2O3-NiO dianalisis dengan spektroskopi FTIR, spektroskopi raman, XRD, spektroskopi UV-Vis-DRS, PSA, SEM-EDX dan TEM-SAED. Adanya vibrasi logam dengan oksigen M-O pada bilangan gelombang 400 cm-1 mengindikasikan pembentukan NPs La2O3 sedangkan pada 418 dan 514 cm-1 dari spektra FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya nanomaterial La2O3-NiO. Empat pita pada 454, 405, 340 dan 284 cm-1 merupakan mode vibrasi raman untuk La2O3. Pergeseran raman pada 380 dan 96,7 cm-1 menegaskan munculnya mode vibrasi spesifik untuk nanomaterial La2O3-NiO. Pola XRD menunjukkan La2O3 berstruktur kubik dengan space group Ia-3 dan La2O3-NiO diasumsikan berbentuk ortorombik dengan space group Pncb. Nilai band gap NPs La2O3 dan La2O3-NiO berturut-turut sebesar 5,390 dan 3,410 eV dengan distribusi ukuran partikel untuk La2O3 sekitar 87,38 nm dan untuk La2O3-NiO sekitar 100,2 nm. Morfologi SEM NPs La2O3 berbentuk nano-chip dengan ukuran berdasarkan TEM yaitu 30-40 nm sedang La2O3-NiO berbentuk bulatan dengan ukuran berdasarkan TEM sekitar 25-35 nm.Aktivitas fotokatalitik NPs La2O3 dan nanomaterial La2O3-NiO terhadap MO dilakukan baik dibawah penyinaran cahaya UV maupun pada keadaan gelap sebagai perbandingan dan menunjukkan bahwa 92,01 MO terdegradasi di bawah sinar UV dan 64,64 MO teradsorpsi pada kondisi gelap selama 180 menit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nanomaterial La2O3-NiO memiliki potensi sebagai fotokatalis yang efisien dalam mendegradasi zat warna, MO. Kata Kunci :Green synthesis, nanopartikel La2O3, nanomaterial La2O3-NiO, Physalis angulata, fotokatalitik, Methyl Orangexvi 68 hlm : 46 gambar, 9 tabel, 10 lampiranBibliografi : 43 1972-2018

ABSTRACT
Name Najmawati Sulaiman Study Program Magister of ChemistryTitle Synthesis of La2O3 NiO Nanomaterial Using Physalis Angulata Leaf Extract and Its Photocatalitic Activity on Methyl OrangeSupervisor Dr. Yoki Yulizar, M.Sc. A conventional approach has always been applied to synthesize and improve La2O3 performance. However, La2O3 nanoparticles synthesis still uses conventional methods involving harmful and non environmentally friendly chemicals. Therefore, it needs a green synthesis approach using plant extracts that are environmentally friendly, safe, harmless and affordable. The photocatalytic performance of La2O3 NPs can be enhanced by modifying the La2O3 NPs with NiO NPs in situ to obtain La2O3 NiO nanomaterials. Ciplukan leaf extract Physalis angulata contains alkaloids that can perform as a base source and the flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols can act as stabilizers for the formation of La2O3 and La2O3 NiO nanomaterials. NiO NPs are also synthesized as control variables. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize NPs La2O3 and La2O3 NiO using ciplukan leaf extract and observed its photocatalytic activity toward methyl orange.The synthesis products of La2O3 and La2O3 NiO NPs were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, XRD, UV Vis DRS spectroscopy, PSA, SEM and TEM SAED. The presence of metal vibrations with oxygen M O at 400 cm 1 indicates the formation of La2O3 NPs while at 418 and 514 cm 1 of the FTIR spectra showed the formation of La2O3 NiO nanomaterial. Four bands at 454, 405, 340 and 284 cm 1 are the raman vibration modes for La2O3. Raman shifts at 380 and 96.7 cm 1 confirmed the result of specific vibration modes for La2O3 NiO NPs. The XRD pattern showed La2O3 in cubic structure with the Ia 3 and La2O3 NiO was assumed as orthorhombic structure with Pncb space groups. The band gap values of NPs La2O3 and La2O3 NiO were 5.39 and 3.410 eV respectively with the particle size distribution for La2O3 of about 87.38 nm and for La2O3 NiO of about 100.2 nm. The morphology of La2O3 NPs was nanochip shaped with a TEM based size of 30 40 nm while La2O3 NiO is spherical with a TEM based size of about 25 35 nm.The photocatalytic activity of NPs La2O3 and La2O3 NiO on MO was performed either under UV light irradiation or in the dark as a comparison and showed that 92.01 of MO was degraded under UV light and in the dark 64.64 of MO was adsorbed for 180 min. It can be concluded that La2O3 NiO nanomaterials has potential as an efficient photocatalyst in degrading MO. Keywords Green synthesis, La2O3 nanoparticles, La2O3 NiO nanomaterial, Physalis angulata, photocatalitic, Methyl Orange xvi 68 pages 46 figures, 9 tables, 10 attachmentsBibliography 43 1972 2018 "
2018
T49601
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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R. M. Suryo Anggoro Kusumo Wibowo
"klerosis sistemik atau skleroderma adalah suatu penyakit jaringan ikat yang dimediasi imun yang ditandai dengan fibrosis kulit dan organ dalam serta vaskulopati. Penyebab kematian utama pada sklerosis sistemik adalah penyakit paru interstisial. Pengobatan penyakit paru interstisial pada sklerosis sistemik saat ini belum memuaskan. Herba ciplukan (Physalis angulata) merupakan salah satu terapi alternatif yang potensial dan terbukti dapat memperbaiki fibrosis kulit pada pasien sklerosis sistemik namun data pada manifestasi paru belum ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek herba ciplukan dalam mencegah dan memperbaiki inflamasi dan fibrosis paru pada model tikus sklerosis sistemik dan mencari dosis optimal ciplukan untuk memperbaiki fibrosis. Penelitian ini terbagai dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap kuratif fibrosis (tahap 1) dan tahap preventif inflamasi dan fibrosis (tahap 2). Pada tahap 1, 33 tikus (Rattus norvegicus) galur Sprague-Dawley 10−12 minggu dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok yang mendapat bleomisin dan ciplukan (dosis 50,100,150, dan 200 mg/kg), bleomisin dan salin, dan kontrol negatif. Bleomisin diberikan subkutan per hari selama 14 hari dan ciplukan atau salin diberikan mulai hari ke-21 selama 30 hari lalu hewan diterminasi. Fibrosis dinilai dengan derajat fibrosis dan luas fibrosis pada histopatologi, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 jaringan paru. Pada tahap 2, 36 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu 2 kelompok yang mendapat bleomisin dan ciplukan (50 dan 100 mg/kgBB) dan 2 kelompok bleomisin dan salin. Tiga kelompok diterminasi di H14 dan 3 kelompok di H51. Pada tahap 2, bleomisin dan ciplukan diberikan bersamaan selama 14 hari pertama. Luaran yang dinilai di H14 adalah kadar IL-6 paru, jumlah leukosit dari BAL dan skor inflamasi paru secara histopatologi. Luaran yang dinilai di H52 adalah derajat fibrosis dan luas fibrosis, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 paru. Kadar IL-6, TGF-β dan MMP 13 dinilai dengan ELISA dari jaringan paru, Hidroksiprolin dinilai dari jaringan paru dengan metode kolorimetri. Pada tahap 1 terdapat perbedaan luas fibrosis yang secara statistik bermakna antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan dosis 100, 150, dan 200 mg/kgBB dibandingkan kelompok bleomisin. Tidak terdapat perbedaan skor fibrosis antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan 50, 100, dan 150 mg/kgBB dengan kontrol negatif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan hidroksiprolin antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan dengan kontrol negatif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TGF-β dan MMP13 yang secara statistik bermakna antar kelompok. Pada tahap 2 penelitian tidak didapatkan perbedaan kadar IL-6, jumlah leukosit cairan BAL dan skor inflamasi yang bermakna antar kelompok dan tidak terdapat perbedaan skor fibrosis, luas fibrosis, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 antar kelompok. Sebagai simpulan ekstrak ciplukan memiliki efek kuratif untuk menurunkan luas fibrosis paru dengan dosis optimal 100 mg/kgBB. Ciplukan tidak memiliki efek preventif terhadap inflamasi dan fibrosis.

Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma is an immune mediated connective tissue disease which is manifested by fibrosis on skin and internal organ and vasculopathy. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of death of systemic sclerosis however the treatment of ILD in systemic sclerosis is still unsatisfactory. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) herb is a potential alternative treatment for systemic sclerosis and has been proven to improve skin sclerosis in systemic sclerosis patients however the study on its effect on lung has been lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ciplukan herb for treating and preventing inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis animal model and to find out its optimal dose in improving lung fibrosis. This study was done in 2 stages. For the first stage (treatment of fibrosis), 33 Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10−12 weeks were divided into 6 groups (4 groups were given bleomycin and ciplukan extract dose 50,100,150, and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively, bleomycin and saline and negative control). Bleomycin was given subcutaneously daily for 14 days and ciplukan or saline were given from day 21 until the next 30 days and then the animals were sacrificed. At the end of observation, degree of fibrosis and width of fibrosis from lung histopathology, hydroxyproline, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels were analyzed. For the second stage (prevention), 36 rats were divided into 6 groups (bleomycin and ciplukan dose 50 and 100 mg/kgBW, and bleomycin only). Three groups were sacrificed after 14 days of observation for evaluation of IL-6 level in lung tissue, leucocyte count on BAL fluid and inflammation score. Three groups were sacrificed after 51 days observation and were analyzed for degree of fibrosis and width of fibrosis from lung histopathology, hydroxyproline, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels. For the second stage, bleomycin and ciplukan were given simultaneously for 14 days. IL-6, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels were measured using ELISA methods while hydroxyproline was analyzed using colorimetric method. From the stage 1, there was a significant reduction in width of lung fibrosis on groups receiving bleomycin and ciplukan dose 100, 150, and 200 mg/kgBW compared with bleomycin group. There was no difference of fibrosis score among groups who received ciplukan 50,100, and 150 mg/kgBW compared to the negative control. There was no difference of hydroxyproline among groups who received ciplukan compared with negative control. There was no difference of TGF-β, and MMP13 levels among groups. From the stage 2, there were no difference of IL-6 levels, BAL leukocyte count and inflammation score among groups after 14 days and no difference of fibrosis score, extension of fibrosis, hydroxyproline, TGF-β and MMP13 levels among groups after 51 days observation. As a conclusion, ciplukan herb has a role as a treatment of fibrosis to reduce extent of lung fibrosis with optimal dose of 100 kg/BW but shows no effect on prevention of lung inflammation and lung fibrosis."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2025
D-pdf
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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R. M. Suryo Anggoro Kusumo Wibowo
"klerosis sistemik atau skleroderma adalah suatu penyakit jaringan ikat yang dimediasi imun yang ditandai dengan fibrosis kulit dan organ dalam serta vaskulopati. Penyebab kematian utama pada sklerosis sistemik adalah penyakit paru interstisial. Pengobatan penyakit paru interstisial pada sklerosis sistemik saat ini belum memuaskan. Herba ciplukan (Physalis angulata) merupakan salah satu terapi alternatif yang potensial dan terbukti dapat memperbaiki fibrosis kulit pada pasien sklerosis sistemik namun data pada manifestasi paru belum ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek herba ciplukan dalam mencegah dan memperbaiki inflamasi dan fibrosis paru pada model tikus sklerosis sistemik dan mencari dosis optimal ciplukan untuk memperbaiki fibrosis. Penelitian ini terbagai dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap kuratif fibrosis (tahap 1) dan tahap preventif inflamasi dan fibrosis (tahap 2). Pada tahap 1, 33 tikus (Rattus norvegicus) galur Sprague-Dawley 10−12 minggu dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok yang mendapat bleomisin dan ciplukan (dosis 50,100,150, dan 200 mg/kg), bleomisin dan salin, dan kontrol negatif. Bleomisin diberikan subkutan per hari selama 14 hari dan ciplukan atau salin diberikan mulai hari ke-21 selama 30 hari lalu hewan diterminasi. Fibrosis dinilai dengan derajat fibrosis dan luas fibrosis pada histopatologi, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 jaringan paru. Pada tahap 2, 36 ekor tikus dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu 2 kelompok yang mendapat bleomisin dan ciplukan (50 dan 100 mg/kgBB) dan 2 kelompok bleomisin dan salin. Tiga kelompok diterminasi di H14 dan 3 kelompok di H51. Pada tahap 2, bleomisin dan ciplukan diberikan bersamaan selama 14 hari pertama. Luaran yang dinilai di H14 adalah kadar IL-6 paru, jumlah leukosit dari BAL dan skor inflamasi paru secara histopatologi. Luaran yang dinilai di H52 adalah derajat fibrosis dan luas fibrosis, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 paru. Kadar IL-6, TGF-β dan MMP 13 dinilai dengan ELISA dari jaringan paru, Hidroksiprolin dinilai dari jaringan paru dengan metode kolorimetri. Pada tahap 1 terdapat perbedaan luas fibrosis yang secara statistik bermakna antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan dosis 100, 150, dan 200 mg/kgBB dibandingkan kelompok bleomisin. Tidak terdapat perbedaan skor fibrosis antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan 50, 100, dan 150 mg/kgBB dengan kontrol negatif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan hidroksiprolin antara kelompok yang mendapat ciplukan dengan kontrol negatif. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar TGF-β dan MMP13 yang secara statistik bermakna antar kelompok. Pada tahap 2 penelitian tidak didapatkan perbedaan kadar IL-6, jumlah leukosit cairan BAL dan skor inflamasi yang bermakna antar kelompok dan tidak terdapat perbedaan skor fibrosis, luas fibrosis, kadar hidroksiprolin, TGF-β dan MMP13 antar kelompok. Sebagai simpulan ekstrak ciplukan memiliki efek kuratif untuk menurunkan luas fibrosis paru dengan dosis optimal 100 mg/kgBB. Ciplukan tidak memiliki efek preventif terhadap inflamasi dan fibrosis.

Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma is an immune mediated connective tissue disease which is manifested by fibrosis on skin and internal organ and vasculopathy. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main cause of death of systemic sclerosis however the treatment of ILD in systemic sclerosis is still unsatisfactory. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) herb is a potential alternative treatment for systemic sclerosis and has been proven to improve skin sclerosis in systemic sclerosis patients however the study on its effect on lung has been lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ciplukan herb for treating and preventing inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis animal model and to find out its optimal dose in improving lung fibrosis. This study was done in 2 stages. For the first stage (treatment of fibrosis), 33 Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10−12 weeks were divided into 6 groups (4 groups were given bleomycin and ciplukan extract dose 50,100,150, and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively, bleomycin and saline and negative control). Bleomycin was given subcutaneously daily for 14 days and ciplukan or saline were given from day 21 until the next 30 days and then the animals were sacrificed. At the end of observation, degree of fibrosis and width of fibrosis from lung histopathology, hydroxyproline, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels were analyzed. For the second stage (prevention), 36 rats were divided into 6 groups (bleomycin and ciplukan dose 50 and 100 mg/kgBW, and bleomycin only). Three groups were sacrificed after 14 days of observation for evaluation of IL-6 level in lung tissue, leucocyte count on BAL fluid and inflammation score. Three groups were sacrificed after 51 days observation and were analyzed for degree of fibrosis and width of fibrosis from lung histopathology, hydroxyproline, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels. For the second stage, bleomycin and ciplukan were given simultaneously for 14 days. IL-6, TGF-β, and MMP13 levels were measured using ELISA methods while hydroxyproline was analyzed using colorimetric method. From the stage 1, there was a significant reduction in width of lung fibrosis on groups receiving bleomycin and ciplukan dose 100, 150, and 200 mg/kgBW compared with bleomycin group. There was no difference of fibrosis score among groups who received ciplukan 50,100, and 150 mg/kgBW compared to the negative control. There was no difference of hydroxyproline among groups who received ciplukan compared with negative control. There was no difference of TGF-β, and MMP13 levels among groups. From the stage 2, there were no difference of IL-6 levels, BAL leukocyte count and inflammation score among groups after 14 days and no difference of fibrosis score, extension of fibrosis, hydroxyproline, TGF-β and MMP13 levels among groups after 51 days observation. As a conclusion, ciplukan herb has a role as a treatment of fibrosis to reduce extent of lung fibrosis with optimal dose of 100 kg/BW but shows no effect on prevention of lung inflammation and lung fibrosis."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2025
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