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"[ABSTRAKKegiatan Leasing pesawat terbang merupakan salah satu kepentinganinternasional. Hampir semua maskapai penerbangan di Indonesia menggunakanleasing dalam pembiayaan pesawat terbang. Di Indonesia pengaturan mengenaileasing pesawat terbang kurang memadai. Dengan adanya Model Law on Leasing,UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing dan Cape TownConvention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment diharapkan dapatmempermudah para pihak untuk melakukan kegiatan leasing pesawat terbang.Dalam penelitian ini, akan membahas mengenai perbandingan peraturan leasingpesawat terbang di Indonesia dengan Konvensi Model Law on Leasing,UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial dan Cape Town Conventionon International Interests in Mobile Equipment sehingga metode penelitian yangdigunakan ialah perbandingan dan peraturan perundang-undangan serta jenispenelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian yuridis normatif.ABSTRACTAircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn?t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method.;Aircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn?t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method., Aircraft leasing is one of the international interests. Almost all of Indonesianairline use leasing of aircraft financing. Indonesia doesn’t have any satisfyregulation about aircraft leasing. Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROIT Conventionon International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention on InternationalInterests in Mobile Equipment are expected to facilitate the parties to engage inaircraft leasing. This thesis will discuss about Comparative Law of AircraftLeasing Based on Indonesian Law with Model Law on Leasing, UNIDROITConvention on International Financial Leasing and Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment. The methods in this research arecomparative approach and statute approach and the type of this research isnormative juridical method.]"

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku terhadap perjanjian sewa guna usaha (leasing) dan bagaimana eksekusi sebagai akibat hukum dapat terjadi apabila lessee diketahui telah melakukan wanprestasi dalam suatu perjanjian sewa guna usaha (leasing) yang telah dibuat dengan merujuk kepada pendapat para hakim dalam putusan-putusan pengadilan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat deksriptif-analitis dengan bentuk penelitian hukum yuridis dan normatif yang diperoleh melalui data primer dan data sekunder seperti bahan-bahan kepustakaan yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana eksekusi dapat terjadi sebagai akibat hukum apabila debitur melakukan wanprestasi di dalam suatu perjanjian leasing yang berdasarkan oleh pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan-putusan pengadilan. Apabila lessee selaku penyewa melakukan wanprestasi seperti keterlambatan pembayaran atau tidak melakukan pembayaran terhadap barang/objek sewa guna usaha, sejatinya lessor dapat melakukan penarikan langsung terhadap barang/objek sewa guna usaha. Namun, atas hal tersebut, muncul ketidakseragaman pendapat Hakim terhadap akibat hukum yang timbul untuk penguasaan atas barang/objek sewa guna usaha.

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This thesis discusses the regulations that apply to leasing agreements and how execution as a legal consequence can occur if the lessee is known to have defaulted in a leasing agreement that has been made by referring to the opinions of judges in court decisions in Indonesia. This research is descriptive with the form of juridical and normative legal research obtained through primary data and secondary data such as library materials consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The result of this research is to find out how execution can occur as a legal result if the debtor defaults in a leasing agreement based on the judge's consideration in court decisions. If the lessee as the lessee makes a default such as late payment or non-payment of leased goods/objects, the lessor can make a direct withdrawal of leased goods/objects. However, on this matter, there is a lack of uniformity in the opinion of the Judges on the legal consequences arising for control of leased goods/objects."

"Berdasarkan hukum perjanjian, pihak yang terdampak peristiwa keadaan memaksa tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban karena tidak melaksanakan kewajiban kontraktualnya. Namun, dalam hal perjanjian memuat prinsip hell or high water, yang umumnya terdapat pada perjanjian sewa guna usaha pesawat, kewajiban penyewa bersifat absolut dan tanpa syarat, serta tanpa memperhatikan kondisi apapun yang dialami penyewa, termasuk apabila terdampak oleh peristiwa keadaan memaksa, sesuaidengan asas kebebasan berkontrak. Keberlakuan prinsip hell or high water apabila terjadi peristiwa keadaan memaksa menjadi menarik untuk dibahas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh peristiwa keadaan memaksa terhadap pengaturan prinsip hell or high water dalam perjanjian sewa guna usaha pesawat. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dan didukung dengan wawancara terhadap narasumber di Maskapai Penerbangan X. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prinsip hell or high water dimuat secara konsisten, bersifatfundamental, dan merupakan praktik kebiasaan dalam sewa guna usaha pesawat.Peristiwa keadaan memaksa tidak mempengaruhi keberlakuan klausul hell or high water. Namun pada praktiknya, para pihak masih dapat melakukan negosiasi terhadap penerapan prinsip hell or high water. Kewajiban penyewa tetap harus dilaksanakan secara absolut, akan tetapi waktu pelaksanaannya dapat disepakati bersama dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi penyewa. Meskipun demikian, tetap dibutuhkan peran serta pengadilan untuk menerapkan teori keadilan komutatif dan asas keseimbangan dalam berkontrak dalam rangka melindungi pihak yang terdampak peristiwa keadaan memaksa, terutama apabila para pihak tidak dapat menyepakati penyesuaian ketentuan dalam perjanjian pada tahapan negosiasi secara komersial.

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According to the contract law, party affected by force majeure cannot be held responsible for not performing its contractual obligations. However, this does not apply if the agreement includes a hell or high water principle, generally found in the aircraft lease agreement, which stipulates lessee’s obligations to be absolute and unconditional, without regard to any circumstances, including force majeure, consistent with freedom of contract principle. It is interesting to discuss the applicability of hell or high water principle in case the lessee experienced force majeure event. This study aims to analyse

how force majeure events affects the application of the hell or high water principle in the aircraft lease agreement. The approach of this study is normative juridical approach supported by information obtained through interviews with employees of Airline X. This study shows that the hell or high water principle is stipulated consistently, fundamental in nature and a customary practice in aircraft leasing. Force majeure events do not affect the enforceability of a hell or high water principle. However, in

practice, the parties can still negotiate the application of the hell or high water principle. Lessee still absolutely obliged to perform the terms of the agreement, but the parties can mutually agree on the time of such performance, by taking into account circumstances surround Lessee. Even so, the role of the court is still needed to apply the commutative justice theory and the contractual balance principle in order to protect the party affected by the force majeure events, particularly if the parties cannot agree on adjusting the terms of the agreement at the commercial negotiation stage"

"[Skripsi ini membahas mengenai perbedaan operating leasing dan financial leasing serta kesesuaian aspek yuridis dari financial leasing pada praktiknya dengan teori yang ada berdasarkan Putusan Gugatan Wanprestasi No. 154/PDT.G./2012/PN. JKT. PST. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai perbedaan antara operating leasing dan financial leasing yang dalam hal ini dalam kasus wanprestasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk penelitian hukum yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah mengenai akibat jika terjadi wanprestasi dalam perjanjian financial leasing. Wanprestasi dianggap terjadi dalam financial leasing ketika lessee selaku konsumen tidak membayar angsuran sesuai yang telah diperjanjikan. Sehingga penarikan terhadap barang tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh lessor tanpa adanya akta fidusia. Namun dalam hal ini lessee tetap harus membayar angsuran hingga selesai walaupun ia sudah tidak dapat menikmati barang tersebut karena untuk dapat menutupi modal lessor dan keuntungan yang didapatkannya.

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, The focus of this bachelor thesis is regarding the differences of operating leasing and financial leasing, and whether the juridical aspect of financial leasing in practice is in accordance with the prevailing theory based on the case study decision No. 154/PDT.G./2012/PN. JKT. PST. on breach of contract. The purpose of this research is to inform the readers regarding the differences between operating leasing and financial leasing which in this regard is about breach of contract. This research is about legal consequences when there is breach of contract in financial leasing. Breach of contract is assumed to occur when lessee as a consumer does not pay installment as has been agreed. Thus, the lessor may retracts the goods, without the existence of fiduciary rights. However, in this case, the lessee still has to pay installment until the installment payment finishes, although lessee will no longer able to enjoy such goods for the purpose to cover up for the lessor capital and profit.

]"

"ABSTRAKTransaksi sewa guna usaha atau yang lebih dikenal dengan leasing sejaktahun 1974 sudah menjadi salah satu pilihan dan solusi bagi para pelaku bisnisuntuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka dalam melakukan usahanya. Untuk itu segalasesuatu yang menyangkut transaksi leasing ini harus dimengerti dengan jelas baikoleh pihak penyedia jasa pembiayaan dalam bentuk pemberian jasa sewa gunausaha atau yang lebih dikenal dengan lessor maupun oleh pengguna jasa sewaguna usaha tersebut atau yang dikenal dengan lessee. Kegiatan sewa guna usahaini terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu sewa guna usaha dengan hak opsi (Finance Lease)dan sewa guna usaha tanpa hak opsi (Operating Lease). Selain itu, dalam kegiatansewa guna usaha pengadaan barang modal dapat juga dilakukan dengan caramembeli barang penyewa guna (lessee) oleh lessor yang kemudian barangtersebut disewa-guna-usaha kembali oleh lessee atau yang lebih dikenal dengansale and lease back. Barang modal yang dibiayai bermacam-macam dan kapallaut adalah salah satu contohnya. Pembiayaan kapal laut yang dituangkan dalamperjanjian sewa guna usaha ini harus dilakukan dengan sangat hati-hati terutamadalam segi hukumnya mengenai status kepemilikan kapal laut, mengingat dalamtransaksi sewa guna usaha dengan skema sale and lease back status kepemilikandari kapal laut sebelum dilakukannya transaksi sewa guna usaha berada di tanganlessee dan mengingat bahwa ada beberapa hal yang wajib dilakukan agarperalihan hak kepemilikan dari kapal laut tersebut dapat dianggap telah dilakukandengan sah menurut hukum dan apa akibat hukumnya apabila peralihan hakkepemilikan dari kapal laut tersebut belum dilakukan dengan sah.

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ABSTRACTLease transaction or better known as leasing has becoming one of choicesand solutions to the entrepreneurs to fulfil their needs in doing their business since1974. Therefore, all things related to this lease transaction should be understoodclearly either by a party which provides the financing service in the form ofproviding lease service or better known as lessor or by the user of the said leaseservice or better known as lessee. This leasing activity is divided into two, whichare lease with option right (Finance Lease) and lease without option right(Operating Lease). Apart from that, in leasing activity, procurement of capitalgood can also be done by purchasing the lessee’s good by the lessor whichafterward such good is leased back by the lessee or better known as sale and leaseback. Capital goods which are financed are various and ship is one of theexamples. This ship financing which is provided in the lease agreement should bedone very carefully especially from the legal point of view with regard to status ofship’s ownership, considering that in the lease transaction with sale and lease backscheme the ownership status of the ship prior to the implementation of leasetransaction is in the lessee’s hand and considering that there are several thingswhich should be conducted in order such transfer of ownership right of the shipcan be assumed that it has been conducted legally according to the law and whatwill be the legal impact if such transfer of ownership right of the ship has not beenlegally conducted."

"ABSTRAKTransaksi sewa guna usaha atau yang lebih dikenal dengan leasing sejaktahun 1974 sudah menjadi salah satu pilihan dan solusi bagi para pelaku bisnisuntuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka dalam melakukan usahanya. Untuk itu segalasesuatu yang menyangkut transaksi leasing ini harus dimengerti dengan jelas baikoleh pihak penyedia jasa pembiayaan dalam bentuk pemberian jasa sewa gunausaha atau yang lebih dikenal dengan lessor maupun oleh pengguna jasa sewaguna usaha tersebut atau yang dikenal dengan lessee. Kegiatan sewa guna usahaini terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu sewa guna usaha dengan hak opsi (Finance Lease)dan sewa guna usaha tanpa hak opsi (Operating Lease). Selain itu, dalam kegiatansewa guna usaha pengadaan barang modal dapat juga dilakukan dengan caramembeli barang penyewa guna (lessee) oleh lessor yang kemudian barangtersebut disewa-guna-usaha kembali oleh lessee atau yang lebih dikenal dengansale and lease back. Barang modal yang dibiayai bermacam-macam dan kapallaut adalah salah satu contohnya. Pembiayaan kapal laut yang dituangkan dalamperjanjian sewa guna usaha ini harus dilakukan dengan sangat hati-hati terutamadalam segi hukumnya mengenai status kepemilikan kapal laut, mengingat dalamtransaksi sewa guna usaha dengan skema sale and lease back status kepemilikandari kapal laut sebelum dilakukannya transaksi sewa guna usaha berada di tanganlessee dan mengingat bahwa ada beberapa hal yang wajib dilakukan agarperalihan hak kepemilikan dari kapal laut tersebut dapat dianggap telah dilakukandengan sah menurut hukum dan apa akibat hukumnya apabila peralihan hakkepemilikan dari kapal laut tersebut belum dilakukan dengan sah.

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ABSTRACTLease transaction or better known as leasing has becoming one of choicesand solutions to the entrepreneurs to fulfil their needs in doing their business since1974. Therefore, all things related to this lease transaction should be understoodclearly either by a party which provides the financing service in the form ofproviding lease service or better known as lessor or by the user of the said leaseservice or better known as lessee. This leasing activity is divided into two, whichare lease with option right (Finance Lease) and lease without option right(Operating Lease). Apart from that, in leasing activity, procurement of capitalgood can also be done by purchasing the lessee’s good by the lessor whichafterward such good is leased back by the lessee or better known as sale and leaseback. Capital goods which are financed are various and ship is one of theexamples. This ship financing which is provided in the lease agreement should bedone very carefully especially from the legal point of view with regard to status ofship’s ownership, considering that in the lease transaction with sale and lease backscheme the ownership status of the ship prior to the implementation of leasetransaction is in the lessee’s hand and considering that there are several thingswhich should be conducted in order such transfer of ownership right of the shipcan be assumed that it has been conducted legally according to the law and whatwill be the legal impact if such transfer of ownership right of the ship has not beenlegally conducted."