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"Partikel pragmatik dalam bahasa Jawa penggunaannya turut berkembang seiring bertambahnya media komunikasi akibat perkembangan teknologi. Penggunaan partikel pragmatik tidak lagi hanya mengacu kepada bahasa Jawa baku seperti yang disebutkan pada penelitian Purwo (1976) atau hanya menjadi milik bahasa Jawa dialek tertentu seperti yang disebutkan Susanti (2023). Hal tersebut menjadi pemicu topik penelitian ini untuk memperlihatkan penggunaan partikel bahasa Jawa pada masa kini yang telah cair dan tidak terikat dengan batas-batas wilayah. Sosial media twitter dari akun autobase digunakan sebagai sumber data penelitian ini. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui teknik crawling. Aplikasi Antconc digunakan untuk memudahkan proses penyediaan data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa partikel mbok tidak dapat disebut mutlak milik bahasa Jawa dialek tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan penggunaan partikel berdasarkan pola distribusi dan makna penggunaan dari partikel pragmatik. Penggunaan partikel pragmatik ditemukan memiliki makna penggunaan sebagai penanda kontradiktif keheranan, penanda penekanan kesesuaian, penghalus perintah, penanda keheranan dan pengonfirmasi keraguan.

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Pragmatic particles in the Javanese language have evolved with the increasing number of communication media due to technological advancements. The use of pragmatic particles no longer refers solely to standard Javanese as mentioned in Purwo's (1976) research or belongs exclusively to certain Javanese dialects as stated by Susanti (2023). This phenomenon has inspired the topic of this research, which aims to show the current usage of Javanese particles that has become fluid and is not confined to regional boundaries. The Twitter social media platform from autobase accounts was used as the data source for this research. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through crawling. The Antconc application was used to facilitate the data provision process. The analysis results indicate that the particle mbok cannot be considered the absolute property of a particular Javanese dialect. This research aims to demonstrate the usage of particles based on the distribution patterns and meanings of pragmatic particles. The use of pragmatic particles was found to have meanings such as markers of contradictory amazement, markers of emphasis on conformity, softeners of commands, markers of amazement, and confirmers of doubt."

"Particulate Matter 2,5 (PM 2,5) adalah partikel halus memiliki diameter aerodinamis kurang dari 2,5 μm, partikel ini terbentuk dari gas dan kondensasi uap suhu tinggi selama pembakaran. Sumber partikel berasal dari alam dan antropogenik. Beberapa partikel bebas dapat juga masuk ke dalam saluran limfa. Partikel-partikel yang dapat larut mungkin diserap lewat epitel ke dalam darah. Testosteron adalah hormon steroid yang diproduksi di testis pada pria dan di ovarium pada wanita (dalam jumlah yang terbatas testosteron pada wanita juga diproduksi dalam kelenjar adrenal). Pengukuran partikel PM 2,5 dilakukan di dalam dan di luar gardu tol menggunakan pompa leland legacy. subyek penelitian ini adalah para pekerja gerbang tol dengan pengambilan sampel darah. Jumlah sampel 45 orang pekerja dan 15 orang bukan pekerja gerbang tol. Hasil pengukuran PM 2,5 dihitung menggunakan rumus dari leland legacy. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian nilai rata-rata konsentrasi PM 2,5 di dalam gardu 316,35 μg/m3 dan di luar gardu sebesar 152,11 μg/m3. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara konsentrasi PM 2,5 baik di dalam maupun di luar gardu dengan nilai P value > 0,05 Rata-rata kadar plasma testosteron pekerja gerbang tol adalah 604,67 ng.dl, sedangkan untuk bukan pekerja gerbang tol adalah 750,30 ng/dl. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai P value > 0,05 berarti tidak ada perbedaan antara kadar plasma testosteron pekerja gerbang tol dan bukan pekerja gerbang tol. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara testosteron dengan faktor usia, perilaku merokok, dan status gizi baik pekerja gerbang tol maupun bukan pekerja gerbang tol. Walaupun demikian perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin untuk mencegah pajanan.

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Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) are fine particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 lm, these particles are formed from gas and high temperature steam condensation during combustion. Particles derived from natural sources and anthropogenic. Some free particles can also enter into the lymph channels. The particles may be absorbed through soluble epithelium into the blood. Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced in the testes in men and ovaries in women (a limited amount of testosterone in women is also produced in the adrenal glands). Measurement of PM 2.5 particles carried inside and outside the toll booth using a pump leland legacy. This research is the subject of the toll gate workers with blood sampling. Number of samples 45 and 15 workers not tollgate workers.

The results of measurements of PM 2.5 was calculated using the formula of leland legacy. Based on the results of the study the average value of the concentration of PM 2.5 in the substation 316.35 μg/m3 and outside the substation was 152.11 μg/m3. Statistical test results showed no difference between PM 2.5 concentrations both within and outside the substation with P value> 0.05 Average plasma levels of testosterone tollgate workers are ng.dl 604.67, while not working toll booths is 750.30 ng / dl. Statistical test results show the value of the P value> 0.05 means that there is no difference between plasma testosterone levels toll gate workers and not the toll gate workers. There is no significant relationship between testosterone with age, smoking behavior, and nutritional status of both workers and non-workers tollgate tollgate. Nevertheless, health checks need to be done regularly to prevent exposure"

"Particle verbs (two separate words constituting a single lexical unit) are a notorious problem in linguistics. Is a particle verb like look up one word or two? It has its own entry in dictionaries, as if it is one word, but look and up can be split up in a sentence: we can say He looked the information up and He looked up the information. But why can we say He looked it up but not He looked up it? In English look and up can only be separated by a direct object, but in Dutch the two parts can be separated over a much longer distance. How did such hybrid verbs arise and how do they function? How can we make sense of them in modern theories of language structure? This book sets out to answer these and other questions, explaining how these verbs fit into the grammatical systems of English and Dutch. "

"Proses penjalaran adveksi-difusi turbulen pada aliran sungai dengan profil lurus dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan, kedalaman dan kecepatan geser aliran sungai (yang berasal dari kemiringan sungai dan gravitasi). Tesis ini merupakan pengembangan model numerik dari proses adveksi-difusi turbulen dengan menggunakan pendekatan berbasis partikel, yaitu metode Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, yang diterapkan dengan bahasa Visual Basic pada Ms. Excel dan integrasi waktu numerik berupa skema predictor-corrector. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan berdasarkan skenario menunjukkan pola konsentrasi yang dihasilkan model sesuai dengan teori baik untuk distribusi konsentrasi menerus maupun sesaat pada penggunaan 11 partikel. Namun pada penggunaan 101 partikel, konsentrasi yang dihasilkan model menjadi tidak stabil.

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Proses penjalaran adveksi-difusi turbulen pada aliran sungai dengan profil lurus dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan, kedalaman dan kecepatan geser aliran sungai (yang berasal dari kemiringan sungai dan gravitasi). Tesis ini merupakan pengembangan model numerik dari proses adveksi-difusi turbulen dengan menggunakan pendekatan berbasis partikel, yaitu metode Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, yang diterapkan dengan bahasa Visual Basic pada Ms. Excel dan integrasi waktu numerik berupa skema predictor-corrector. Dari simulasi yang dilakukan berdasarkan skenario menunjukkan pola konsentrasi yang dihasilkan model sesuai dengan teori baik untuk distribusi konsentrasi menerus maupun sesaat pada penggunaan 11 partikel. Namun pada penggunaan 101 partikel, konsentrasi yang dihasilkan model menjadi tidak stabil."

"The aim of the present paper is an analysis of four most frequent Colloquial Indonesian discourse particles (lho, kok, sih and dong) and the comparison of their occurrences in both spontaneous spoken conversations as well as in written texts (articles from a youth magazine). The author's motivation for choosing the terms discourse particles (instead of for example pragmatic particles) is explained and a new definition of the phenomenon is proposed. First the particles' meanings as given in various dictionaries are presented, it is followed by examples from spontaneous conversations. Next, examples from written text are given, followed by an analysis of possible differences and similarities in meaning. Finally, the possible particles' meanings are presented as sample sentences using the explication method. In the Conclusions, the author makes an attempt at answering the question whether the discourse particles in Colloquial Indonesian can be considered to be a separate word class."

"Symmetries, coupled with the mathematical concept of group theory, are an essential conceptual backbone in the formulation of quantum field theories capable of describing the world of elementary particles. This primer is an introduction to and survey of the underlying concepts and structures needed in order to understand and handle these powerful tools. Specifically, in Part I of the book the symmetries and related group theoretical structures of the Minkowskian space-time manifold are analyzed, while Part II examines the internal symmetries and their related unitary groups, where the interactions between fundamental particles are encoded as we know them from the present standard model of particle physics. This book, based on several courses given by the authors, addresses advanced graduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter active research in the field, and having a working knowledge of classical field theory and relativistic quantum mechanics. Numerous end-of-chapter problems and their solutions will facilitate the use of this book as self-study guide or as course book for topical lectures."