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"Buku ini bercerita ttg; selamatkan antariksa yaitu planet terdekat dengan matahari Merkurius, planet biru: bumi, planet yg berputar dengan berbaring Uranus"

"This title presents a uniquely human perspective on the quest to explore space and to understand the universe through the lens of the arts, humanities, and social sciences. It considers early stories about the universe in various cultures; recent space fiction; the origins and cultural rationale for the space age; experiences of humans in space and their emerging interactions with robots and artificial intelligence; how humans should treat environments and alien life; and the alternative futures of space exploration and settlement."

"This book is a comprehensive and authoritative study of the increasing need for commercial astronauts. Erik Seedhouse provides unique insights into the burgeoning new field of commercial space operation and the individuals who will run these missions. Section I begins by describing how Astronauts for Hire (A4H) was created in 2010 by Brian Shiro, a highly qualified NASA astronaut candidate, and a group of other astronaut candidates. Erik introduces A4H's vision for opening the space frontier to commercial astronauts and describes the tantalizing science opportunities offered when suborbital and orbital trips become routine. Section II describes the vehicles astronauts will use. Anticipation is on the rise for the new crop of commercial suborbital and orbital spaceships that will serve the scientific and educational market. These reusable rocket-propelled vehicles are expected to offer quick, routine, and affordable access to the edge of space, along with the capability to carry research and educational crew members. The quick turnaround of these vehicles is central to realizing the profit-making potential of repeated sojourns by astronauts to suborbital and orbital heights. Section III describes the various types of missions this new corps of astronauts will fly and who will hire them. For example, suborbital flights may be used to do high altitude astronomy, life science experiments, and microgravity physics. This section continues with an examination of the types of missions that will accelerate human expansion outward, to Exploration Class missions through lunar bases, the establishment of interplanetary spaceports, and outposts on the surface of Mars. Along the way it describes the tasks commercial astronauts will perform, ranging from mining asteroids to harvesting helium."

"Ruang Angkasa, sebagai suatu wilayah yang digolongkan sebagai common heritage of mankind dijamin kebebasan penggunaannya oleh Outer Space Treaty 1967. Namun, perjanjian internasional tersebut belumlah cukup dalam mengatur aktivitas militer di Ruang Angkasa. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penggunaan Ruang Angkasa oleh Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Cina untuk pengujian-pengujian senjata. Kedua negara tersebut berpendapat secara konsisten dalam praktiknya bahwa Ruang Angkasa dapat digunakan untuk aktivitas-aktivitas militer yang tidak agresif terhadap negara lain. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji kembali peraturan-peraturan dalam perjanjian-perjanjian internasional, baik yang berkaitan langsung dengan aktivitas Ruang Angkasa, maupun pemahaman-pemahaman para ahli dalam menginterpretasikan perjanjian-perjanjian internasional yang dapat diaplikasikan kedalam masalah aktivitas-aktivitas tersebut. Skripsi ini akan berusaha menjelaskan mengenai hukum-hukum internasional secara umum mengenai aktivitas militer dan secara khusus mengenai aktivitas-aktivitas militer yang agresif di Ruang Angkasa. Lebih spesifik lagi, skripsi ini juga akan berusaha secara hukum dan kebijakan, mengeksplorasi mengenai aktivitas agresif Amerika Serikat dan Republik Rakyat Cina di Ruang Angkasa. Aktivitas ini akan dianalisis dengan membaginya kedalam tiga kategori pengaturan, dari aktivitasnya menurut Outer Space Treaty, dari sifat pelaksanaannya, serta dari dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap lingkungan di Ruang Angkasa. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut, maka akan disarankan bahwa perlu pembahasan lebih lanjut terkait perjanjian-perjanjian internasional yang lebih spesifik bagi aktivitas militer di Ruang Angkasa, yang mana dapat diawali dengan usaha-usaha pendekatan soft law dengan membuat manuals yang terfokus pada hal tersebut.

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Outer Space, as a common-heritage-of-mankind territory was guaranteed the freedom of use by the Outer Space Treaty of 1967. However, this treaty alone did not cover the whole aspects of military activity in Space. Such “incompletion” was why the United States and China conducted “military testing” of antisatellite weapons. Both Nations have, consistently showed that their practice in Outer Space was “non-aggressive”, as to their understanding of the peaceful purposes stipulation under the treaty. Hence, it is within this thesis to revisit all relevant international law sources, as a way to comprehensively understand the alternative legal basis to military activities in Outer Space. This thesis will also analyze experts’ opinion on military activity in Outer Space and their understanding of the relevant international law sources. Based on this analysis it can also be advised that there is an emerging need to revisit the law to Outer Space internationally, especially on the matter of military activities."

"This volume, like the others, not only focuses upon the individual missions within the decade but also upon key challenges facing human space exploration at specific points within those years - from the problems of simply breathing and eating in space to the challenges of venturing outside in a pressurized spacesuit, the development of newer and better space toilets, and the difficulties of locomotion on the Moon. The Eighties was a time when traveling into space far more commonplace. Examining in detail the American and Soviet fronts, Ben Evans gives a comprehensive analysis of the varying fortunes of the U.S. space shuttle in the Eighties, including its early test flights and commercial flights, its problems, the 51L tragedy and its aftermath, and the resumption of operations with STS-26. The U.S. story ends with STS-37 in April 1991. In the Soviet sphere, two pivotal space station efforts - Salyut 7 and its succesor, Mir - are considered, showing how they were alike and different."

"This book reviews the many reasons for exploring our stellar neighbors using robotic probes, and closely examines new technologies for constructing space probes that can traverse the enormous distances between the stars."

"Sistem tata kelola antariksa merupakan aglomerasi dari kebijakan, institusi, dan aspek normatif lainnya dalam rangka mengatur seluruh kegiatan manusia di luar angkasa. Struktur yang membentuk sistem tata kelola antariksa mulai disusun pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Pembentukan sistem tata kelola antariksa dilakukan sebagai respon terhadap mengatur aktivitas eksplorasi luar angkasa yang mulai dilakukan oleh beberapa aktor. Dengan berjalannya waktu, perkembangan teknologi dan aktivitas manusia di luar angkasa terus meningkat. Namun perkembangan aktivitas tersebut tidak diikuti oleh perkembangan struktur tata kelola antariksa yang masih memiliki struktur yang serupa dengan penyusunannya pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Tulisan ini akan mengeksplorasi terjadinya stagnasi dalam perkembangan sistem tata kelola antariksa. Tulisan akan menekankan fokus pada permasalahan dan hambatan yang terjadi dalam proses perkembangan kebijakan tersebut. Literatur yang dibahas pada tulisan ini secara keseluruhan akan menilik mengenai sistem tata kelola antariksa dan faktor penghambatnya seperti isu keamanan, konflik kepentingan antar negara, dan kelemahan pada struktur institusional. Setelah membahas mengenai persebaran tema dalam literatur, tulisan ini akan menyusun konsensus dan perdebatan terhadap literatur yang dibahas dan juga refleksi mengenai konteks dari literatur tersebut. Terakhir tulisan ini akan menyimpukan sintesis yang mencakup poin utama yang didapat dari keseluruhan literatur. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menggerakan urgensi diskursus luar angkasa dalam ilmu hubungan internasional sebagai arena interaksi baru bagi negara-negara di dunia.

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Outer space governance is an agglomeration of policies, institutions and other normative aspects in order to regulate all human activities in space. The structures that make up the outer space governance system began to be constructed in the mid-20th century. The formation of the outer space governance system was carried out in response to regulate increasing number of space exploration activities that began to be carried out by countries. Technological advancement and human activities in space continued to increase over time. However, the development of these activities has not been followed by the development of the space governance structure, which still has a similar structure to its preparation in the mid-20th century. This paper will explore the stagnation in the development of outer space governance system. The paper will emphasize the focus on the problems and obstacles that occur during the process of policy development. The literature discussed in this paper will place focus at the space governance system and its constraining factors such as security issues, conflicts of interest between states, and weaknesses in institutional structures. Furthermore, this paper will organize the consensus and debates based on the literature discussed as well as reflections on the context of these literatures. Finally, this paper will conclude with a synthesis that includes the main points derived from the entire literature. Hopefully, the creation of this paper would lead to the increase space discourse urgency in international relations study as a new arena of interaction for countries in the world."