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"Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have lower efficiency, shorter lifetimes, faster degradation, and poorer stability thaninorganic photovoltaics (IPV) in ambient conditions. In this paper, the equivalent electrical circuit of a two-diode modeleffectively extracts the model-fit electrical photovoltaic (PV) parameters from degraded OPV devices, especially theseries (Rs) and shunt (Rsh) resistances. The result shows a better correlation between the resistances of the devices andperformance of the devices over the degradation process where the devices are deliberately exposed to ambient conditionsunder constant illumination. The degradation of the devices is mostly caused by the degradation of the aluminum (Al)electrode from water and oxygen, which correlates to the Rs. However, it is possible that the degradation of the bulk activelayer can also occur due to the constant illumination on the device, which causes a reduction of photocurrent.Aplikasi Model Rangkaian Setara untuk Memantau Degradasi Sel Fotovoltaik Organik. Divais fotovoltaik organik(OPV) memiliki efisiensi yang lebih rendah, masa hidup lebih pendek, degradasi lebih cepat, dan stabilitas lebih rendahdari photovoltaics anorganik (IPV) pada kondisi udara terbuka. Pada tulisan ini, rangkaian setara dari model dua-diodasecara efektif mengekstrak parameter-parameter listrik fotovoltaik (PV) dari divais OPV yang terdegradasi, khususnyaresistansi seri (Rs) dan resistansi paralel (Rsh). Hasilnya menunjukkan suatu korelasi yang lebih baik antara resistansidivais dan kinerja divais selama proses degradasi dimana divais diberi pencahayaan konstan pada kondisi udara terbuka.Degradasi divais ini sebagian besar disebabkan oleh degradasi elektroda aluminium (Al) yakni oleh air dan oksigen, yangberkorelasi dengan Rs. Namun, ada kemungkinan bahwa degradasi lapisan aktif juga dapat terjadi karena pencahayaankonstan pada divais, yang menyebabkan pengurangan photocurrent."

"Timo Carl presents alternatives to curtain wall facades and other flat boundaries creating autonomous spaces. He investigates facade typologies with multiple material layers to strategize the relationship between buildings and their environment. By revisiting Le Corbusier´s seminal brise soleil an alternative reading of the modern project emerges: one that is not based on classical compositional rules, but instead on the dynamic relationships with environmental forces. Finally, an exciting series of project-based investigations sets out innovative ways in which novel deep skins combine energy-conscious performance with the poetics of architecture."