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Bunting, Russell W.
Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1962
613 BUN o
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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A`an Haryono
"Stroke merupakan penyakit neurologi yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerusakan neurologis seperti paralisis, afasia, disfagia, gangguan sensorik. Suwita (2012), mengatakan bahwa 30-50% pasien stroke sering mengalami disfagia. Tingginya kejadian disfagia, membuat penderita stroke memiliki resiko tinggi dalam aspirasi dan terjadinya infeksi pernapasan. Sehingga perawatan mulut (Oral Hygiene) sangat diperlukan bagi pasien stroke. Studi kasus ini merupakan penerapan oral hygiene menggunakan Chlorhexidine 0,2 % dalam menjaga kebersihan mulut dan mencegah infeksi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam melakukan studi ini adalah dengan melakukan pengkajian tentang tingkat kebutuhan perwatan pasien. Kemudian dilakukan dengan pengkajian tingkat kebersihan mulut pasien dengan instrument AOG (oral assessment guide ), dan pasien dilakukan perawatan mulut menggunakan sikat gigi anak dan menggunakan Chlorhexidine 0,2%. Perawatan mulut dilakukan selama 3-5 menit dua kali dalam sehari dan dievaluasi setelah 6 hari. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan AOG (oral assessment guide). Setelah dilakukan perawatan mulut selama 6 hari didapatkan nilai AOG menurun yang menandakan terjadi perbaikan dalam tingkat kebersihan mulut

Stroke is a neurological disease that can cause various neurological damage such as paralysis, aphasia, dysphagia, sensory disorders. Suwita (2012), said that 30-50% of stroke patients often experience dysphagia. The high incidence of dysphagia, making stroke patients have a high risk of aspiration and respiratory infections. So that oral care (Oral Hygiene) is very necessary for stroke patients. This case study is the application of oral hygiene using Chlorhexidine 0.2% in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing infection. The method used in conducting this study is to conduct an assessment of the level of patient needs. Then it was carried out by assessing the level of oral hygiene of the patients with the AOG instrument (oral assessment guide), and the patients having oral care using a childs toothbrush and using Chlorhexidine 0.2%. Oral care is carried out for 3-5 minutes twice a day and evaluated after 6 days. Evaluation is done using AOG (oral assessment guide). After 6 days of oral care, the AOG value was decreased which indicated improvement in the level of oral "
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2019
PR-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dwita Pratiwi
"Background: Tooth discoloration or stain is pigmented deposits on tooth surface which cause an esthetic problem. Smoking cigarette and oral hygiene habit has effects on tooth discoloration.
Aim: To determine the relation between smoking and oral hygiene habit with tooth discoloration.
Method: The information was taken from interview about smoking history, type of cigarette, quantity and duration of smoking, frequency and technique of tooth brushing, and also clinical examination by Shaw and Murray of tooth discoloration index of 72 subjects at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.
Results: The results showed that there were 32 smokers, and 40 non smokers. Statistical test showed that there was a relation between smoking cigarette and tooth discoloration (p<0.05), however there was no relation between the type of cigarette, quantity and duration of smoking, frequency and technique of tooth brushing with tooth discoloration (p>0.05).
Conclusion: A relation between smoking cigarette and tooth discoloration was evident among the subjects, however there was no relation between the type of cigarette, quantity and duration of smoking, frequency and technique of tooth brushing with tooth discoloration.

Latar belakang : Diskolorasi gigi atau stain adalah deposit berpigmen pada permukaan gigi yang merupakan masalah estetik bagi sebagian orang. Diskolorasi gigi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor antara lain merokok dan penjagaan kebersihan mulut yang kurang baik.
Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara diskolorasi gigi dengan kebiasaan merokok dan menyikat gigi.
Metode : Dilakukan wawancara mengenai riwayat merokok, jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok per hari, lamanya merokok, frekuensi menyikat gigi, dan teknik menyikat gigi serta pemeriksaan klinis dengan menggunakan indeks stain menurut Shaw dan Murray pada 72 orang subyek di sekitar Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia.
Hasil : Didapatkan 32 perokok dan 40 bukan perokok. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara riwayat merokok dengan diskolorasi gigi (p<0,05), dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok per hari, lama merokok, frekuensi menyikat gigi, dan teknik menyikat gigi dengan diskolorasi gigi.
Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat merokok dengan diskolorasi gigi (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis rokok, banyak rokok per hari, lama merokok, dan kebiasaan menyikat gigi dengan diskolorasi gigi (p>0,05) pada masyarakat sekitar Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2007
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nina Miranti
"Background: Gingival inflammation is a response of the gingival to bacterial plaque and clinically characterized by red, swollen, tender gums that bleed easily. The accumulation of bacterial plaque was due to bad oral hygiene and predisposed by smoking habit.
Aim: To determine the relation between smoking and oral habit with gingival inflammation.
Method: The information was taken from interview about smoking history, type of cigarette, quantity and duration of smoking, frequency and technique of tooth brushing, and also clinical examination of gingival status by Loe and Silness gingival index of 72 subjects at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.
Results: The result showed that there were 32 smokers and 40 non smokers. Statistical test showed that no relation between smoking history, type of cigarette, quantity of smoking, duration of smoking, and frequency of tooth brushing with gingival inflammation (p>0,05), however there was a relation between the tooth brushing technique and gingival inflammation (p<0,05).
Conclusion: A relation between tooth brushing techniques with gingival inflammation was evident among the subject however there was no relation between smoking habit and tooth brushing frequency with gingival inflammation.

Latar Belakang: Keradangan gingiva adalah inflamasi pada gingiva dengan gambaran klinis berupa perubahan warna jaringan, perubahan bentuk jaringan dan perdarahan. Penyebab langsung keradangan gingiva adalah plak yang terbentuk karena kebersihan mulut yang buruk dan dapat diperberat oleh merokok.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dan menyikat gigi dengan keradangan gingiva.
Metode: Dilakukan wawancara mengenai riwayat merokok, jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok per hari, lama merokok, teknik menyikat gigi, serta frekuensi menyikat gigi. Pemeriksaan klinis keradangan gingiva menggunakan indeks gingiva menurut Loe dan Silness pada 72 masyarakat di sekitar fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia.
Hasil: Didapatkan 32 perokok dan 40 bukan perokok. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat merokok, jenis rokok, banyaknya rokok yang dihisap, lamanya merokok, dan serta frekuensi menyikat gigi dengan keradangan gingiva (p>0,05) namun teknik menyikat gigi berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva (p<0,05).
Kesimpulan: Teknik menyikat gigi berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva namun kebiasaan merokok dan frekuensi menyikat gigi tidak berhubungan dengan keradangan gingiva pada masyarakat di sekitar Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia."
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia, 2007
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fitria Kusuma Dewi
"[ABSTRAK
Lansia yang tinggal di perkotaan lebih banyak dibandingkan lansia yang tinggal di pedesaan Peningkatan usia harapan hidup dan peningkatan jumlah lansia yang tinggal di perkotaan memicu timbulnya masalah kesehatan perkotaan khususnya populasi yang rentan yaitu lansia Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil praktik klinik pada nenek K 73 tahun dengan masalah malnutrisi menggunakan intervensi oral hygiene Praktik klinik dilakukan di STW 1 Ciracas selama tujuh minggu dengan melakukan intervensi oral hygiene pada 4 lansia dengan malnutrisi Hasil pengkajian status nutrisi pada klien kelolaan menggunakan MNA didapatkan hasil 14 5 dan pengukuran tinggi badan 154 cm dan berat badan 30 kg hasil penilaian IMT 12 65 yang berarti mengalami malnutrisi Intervensi oral hygiene yang dilakukan dengan memfasilitasi klien untuk menggosok gigi menggunakan sikat dan pasta gigi dengan gerakan vertikal secara lembut dan menggunakan obat kumur selama dua kali sehari Hasil intervensi keperawatan dengan melakukan oral hygiene kepada klien yang malnutrisi selama lima minggu yaitu tidak tercium bau mulut mukosa mulut lembab saliva bertambah peningkatan selera makan dan peningkatan berat badan 1 kg Care giver diharapkan melakukan oral hygiene dua kali sehari untuk meningkatkan status nutrisi pada lansia di sasana Kata kunci lansia oral hygiene malnutrisi STW ABSTRACT Elderly who live in more urban areas compared to the elderly who live in rural areas Increased life expectancy and the increasing number of elderly people living in urban areas lead to urban health problems particularly vulnerable population that is elderly This scientific work aimed to analyze the results of clinical practice in Nenek K 73 years old with problems of malnutrition using oral hygiene interventions Clinical practice carried out in STW 1 Ciracas for seven weeks with oral hygiene interventions in four elderly people with malnutrition Results of the assessment of nutritional status on the managed client using the MNA showed 14 5 and height measurement 154 cm and weight 30 kg assessment 12 65 IMT meaning malnourished Oral hygiene interventions undertaken by facilitating clients to brush their teeth using a toothbrush and toothpaste with vertical movement gently and use a mouthwash for two times a day The results of nursing interventions by performing oral hygiene to clients who are malnourished during the five weeks that do not smell bad breath oral mucosa moist saliva increased increased appetite and weight gain of 1 kg Care giver is expected to perform twice daily oral hygiene to improve the nutritional status of the elderly in the Sasana Key words elderly oral hygiene malnutrition STW ;Elderly who live in more urban areas compared to the elderly who live in rural areas Increased life expectancy and the increasing number of elderly people living in urban areas lead to urban health problems particularly vulnerable population that is elderly This scientific work aimed to analyze the results of clinical practice in Nenek K 73 years old with problems of malnutrition using oral hygiene interventions Clinical practice carried out in STW 1 Ciracas for seven weeks with oral hygiene interventions in four elderly people with malnutrition Results of the assessment of nutritional status on the managed client using the MNA showed 14 5 and height measurement 154 cm and weight 30 kg assessment 12 65 IMT meaning malnourished Oral hygiene interventions undertaken by facilitating clients to brush their teeth using a toothbrush and toothpaste with vertical movement gently and use a mouthwash for two times a day The results of nursing interventions by performing oral hygiene to clients who are malnourished during the five weeks that do not smell bad breath oral mucosa moist saliva increased increased appetite and weight gain of 1 kg Care giver is expected to perform twice daily oral hygiene to improve the nutritional status of the elderly in the Sasana Key words elderly oral hygiene malnutrition STW , Elderly who live in more urban areas compared to the elderly who live in rural areas Increased life expectancy and the increasing number of elderly people living in urban areas lead to urban health problems particularly vulnerable population that is elderly This scientific work aimed to analyze the results of clinical practice in Nenek K 73 years old with problems of malnutrition using oral hygiene interventions Clinical practice carried out in STW 1 Ciracas for seven weeks with oral hygiene interventions in four elderly people with malnutrition Results of the assessment of nutritional status on the managed client using the MNA showed 14 5 and height measurement 154 cm and weight 30 kg assessment 12 65 IMT meaning malnourished Oral hygiene interventions undertaken by facilitating clients to brush their teeth using a toothbrush and toothpaste with vertical movement gently and use a mouthwash for two times a day The results of nursing interventions by performing oral hygiene to clients who are malnourished during the five weeks that do not smell bad breath oral mucosa moist saliva increased increased appetite and weight gain of 1 kg Care giver is expected to perform twice daily oral hygiene to improve the nutritional status of the elderly in the Sasana Key words elderly oral hygiene malnutrition STW ]"
Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Desi Kurniawati
"Pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi merupakan bagian penting dalam proses asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan penyakit infeksi. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi pada anak melalui penerapan intervensi oral hygiene menggunakan pendekatan model konservasi Levine. Pengkajian dilakukan berdasarkan konservasi Levine terhadap lima kasus terpilih yang menunjukkan gangguan pemenuhan nutrisi. Hipotesis, intervensi dan respon organismic ditujukan untuk mencapai adaptasi serta membuat klien mencapai keutuhan wholeness . Intervensi oral hygiene terbukti efektif menurunkan derajat kerusakam membrane mukosa oral dalam membantu optimalisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi.

Fulfillment of nutritional needs is an important part in the process of nursing care in children with infectious diseases. The purpose of this case study is to provide an overview of the fulfillment of nutritional needs in children through the application of oral hygiene interventions using the Levine conservation model approach. The assessment was conducted based on the Levine conservation of five selected cases demonstrating nutritional impairment. Hypotheses, interventions and organismic responses are aimed at achieving adaptation and making the client wholeness. Oral hygiene intervention has been shown to effectively lower the degree of oral mucous membrane damage in helping to optimize the fulfillment of nutritional needs."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2018
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Prijantojo
"ABSTRAK
Penelitian secara "double blind" dilakukan terhadap 108 orang percobaan umur antara 10-15 tahun untuk menentukan efektifitas obat kumur yang mengandung 0,27. Chlorhexidine dan 0,17. Hexetidine terhadap radang gingiva secara klinis. Orang percobaan dibagi 3 kelompok; kelompok yang menggunakan Chlorhexidine, kelompok yang menggunakan Hexetidine dan kelompok plasebo sebagai kelompok kontrol. Masing-masing orang percobaan kumur-kumur 2 kali sehari pagi sesudah gosok gigi dan malam hari sebelum tidur dengan menggunakan 10 ml obat kumur/plasebo selama 30-60 detik setiap kali kumur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara Chlorhexidine dengan hexetidine dalam menurunkan derajat keradangan gingiva pada hari ke 3 dan pada hari ke 7 (p < 0.05). Peningkatan kesehatan gingiva pada Chlorhexidine sebanyak 32% pada hari ke 3 dan 777. pada hari ke 7, sedang pada kelompok Hexetidine sebanyak 25% pada hari ke 3 dan 37% pada hari ke 7."
Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Indonesia, 1990
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UI - Laporan Penelitian  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Twelvia Caroline Andriani
"Latar Belakang: Menopause adalah salah satu bagian dari siklus alami kehidupan reproduktif perempuan, yang merupakan berhentinya menstruasi selama 12 bulan berturut-turut. Saat menopause, produksi hormon esterogen dan progesteron menurun. Penurunan kedua hormon ini hingga hampir nol berlanjut sampai ke tahap askamenopause, yaitu fase lanjutan dari menopause. Penurunan hormon esterogen dan progesteron menyebabkan munculnya beberapa perubahan klinis pada rongga mulut, terutama pada gingiva yang dapat mengarah ke keradangan gingiva dan kesehatan rongga mulut.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis status keradangan gingiva pada perempuan paskamenopause.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-section). Dilakukan wawancara mengenai lama menopause dan pemeriksaan klinis keradangan gingiva menggunakan Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer dan Muhlemann) pada 93 orang perempuan paskamenopause di wilayah Bekasi.
Hasil: Rata-rata usia perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti 61 tahun (SD ±7,2). 79 orang perempuan paskamenopause yang diteliti memiliki skor PBI baik, dan 14 orang perempuan paskamenopause memiliki skor PBI sedang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara keradangan gingiva dengan lama menopause (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara keradangan gingiva (mean 1,15, SD ±0,36), dengan tingkat akumulasi plak gigi (mean 1,91, SD ±0,6), kalkulus gigi (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), dan tingkat kebersihan mulut (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62), dan antara lama menopause dengan tingkat kebersihan mulut.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa status keradangan gingiva sangat berkaitan dengan akumulasi plak gigi, kalkulus gigi, serta tingkat kebersihan mulut perempuan paskamenopause, sehingga prosedur pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut perlu dilakukan secara berkala.

Background: Menopause, which was a part of female?s reproductive life natural cycle, confirmed when women had no menstrual period for 12 consecutive months. When menopause appeared, the production of estrogen and progesterone hormone decreased. The decreasing almost reached zero and continued until postmenopausal phase, which was a continue phase from menopause. The impact of the decreasing estrogen and progesterone hormone has made several clinical changes in oral cavity, especially in gingival, which could lead to gingival inflammation and oral health.
Objective: To analyze the gingival inflammation status in postmenopausal women.
Method: This study was a descriptive analytic study using the cross-sectional study method. Years since the last menopausal period were obtained from 93 postmenopausal women in Bekasi area. Clinical examination of gingival inflammation was studied using Papillary Bleeding Index (Saxer and Muhlemann).
Results: The mean age of postmenopausal women was 61 years (SD ±7, 2). 79 postmenopausal women had a good PBI scores and 14 postmenopausal women had moderate PBI scores. There was no correlation between gingival inflammation and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation (p>0, 05). There were significant correlation (p<0, 05) between gingival inflammation (mean 1, 15, SD ±0, 36) and dental plaque accumulation (mean 1, 91, SD ± 0,6), with dental calculus (mean 2,12, SD ±0,67), and OHI-S (mean 2,25, SD ±0,62). There was a strong correlation (p<0, 05) between OHI-S and period of time since postmenopausal women had their last menstruation.
Conclusion: Gingival inflammation strongly correlated with dental plaque accumulation, dental calculus, and OHI-S in postmenopausal women, so good oral hygiene procedures were needed periodically."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2008
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Made Widya Utami
"Latar Belakang: Menopause adalah suatu proses fisiologis yang biasanya terjadi pada dekade ke-5 pada kehidupan perempuan dan menyebabkan berhentinya masa menstruasi secara permanen. Paskamenopause akan datang segera setelah menopause. Sejalan dengan bertambahnya usia, proses penuaan pada perempuan paskamenopause disertai dengan proses degenerasi, antara lain kemunduran metabolisme dan penurunan produksi hormon yang akan berdampak bukan hanya pada kesehatan fisik dan psikis tetapi juga terhadap kesehatan rongga mulut. Pada saat memasuki masa paskamenopause, perempuan akan mengalami beberapa pengalaman yang berhubungan dengan rongga mulut, seperti osteoporosis, kehilangan gigi geligi, dan akumulasi plak gigi. Plak gigi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan rongga mulut. Plak gigi tidak dapat dihilangkan hanya dengan berkumur.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paskamenopause terhadap tingkat akumulasi plak gigi dan tingkat kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Metode: 93 subjek perempuan paskamenopause yang bersedia diwawancara dan mengikuti pemeriksaan klinis, ikut serta dalam penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan oktober 2008. Pertanyaan yang diberikan pada saat wawancara antara lain mengenai jangka waktu semenjak menstruasi terakhir, kesehatan umum, kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Pemeriksaan klinis dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat akumulasi plak gigi dengan menggunakan Indeks Plak Silness and Löe dan tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan menggunakan OHI-S dan DMFT. Data hasil penelitian dievaluasi dengan menggunakan pengukuran statistik Chi- Square (p<0,05).
Hasil: Usia rata-rata dari perempuan paskamenopause adalah 61.30 years (SD ± 7.27, antara 46-82). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara lama menopause dengan tingkat akumulasi plak gigi dan tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut. (p<0.05). Tingkat akumulasi plak gigi rata-rata adalah 1.27 (SD ± 0.55). DMFT dan OHI-S rata-rata pada perempuan paskamenopause adalah 13.10 (SD ± 7.74) and 2.71 (SD ± 1.17).
Kesimpulan: Tingkat akumulasi plak gigi dan tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang sedang serta DMFT yang sangat tinggi, maka sangat diperlukan peningkatan kesadaran tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada perempuan paskamenopause.

Background: Menopause is a physiological process which typically occurs in the fifth decade of life in women and involves permanent cessation of menstruation. Once the event of menopause has occurred, a woman is said to be in postmenopause. Increasing age on postmenopausal women has been associated with the degeneration process, such as deterioration of metabolism and the decreased of hormones production that can impacts not only physical and psychology health but also influences oral health. In the postmenopausal era, women appear to experience an increase in a number of oral symptoms, such as osteoporosis, loss of teeth, and dental plaque accumulations. Dental Plaque is one of influenced factors the oral health. Dental plaque cannot be removed only with gargling.
Objective: This study was perfomed to evaluate the effect of postmenopause on dental plaque accumulations status and oral hygiene status.
Material and Methods: A total of 93 postmenopausal women participated in a cross-sectional study on October 2008 who were willing and eligible to have an interview and clinical examinations. Questions in the interview concerned the period of time since study subjects had their last menstrual period, general health, oral hygiene and utilisation of dental health services. Clinical examinations were scored dental plaque accumulations status using Plaque Index Silness and Löe and oral hygiene status were determined with Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT). The chi-square test was used to evaluate the data (p<0,05).
Results: The mean age of the postmenopausal women was 61.30 years (SD ± 7.27, range 46-82). Strong correlations were found between period of time since study subjects had their last menstrual period with dental plaque accumulations status and oral hygiene status (P<0.05). The average of dental plaque accumulations scores was 1.27 (SD ± 0.55). DMFT and OHI-S scores of postmenopausal women were 13.10 (SD ± 7.74) and 2.71 (SD ± 1.17).
Conclusion: A moderate level of dental plaque accumulation status and oral hygiene status combined with a high level of DMFT, it seems to be a substantial need for increased awareness of oral health on postmenopausal women."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2008
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UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Shahabe Abullais Saquib
"ABSTRAK
Plaque control is a cornerstone for periodontal maintenance, which can be accomplished via mechanical and chemical methods. Various oral hygiene aids are available to maintain the oral health status. Objective: To assess the knowledge of dental interns about the use of different oral hygiene aids in specific situations. Methods: This cross sectional, one point time, multicenter questionnaire based survey was conducted to collect data from 393 participants (16 men, mean age: 24.6 plus 5 years) who were randomly sampled from among dental interns across
dental colleges in India. The questionnaires comprised 12 items. Results: Our data analysis revealed that dental interns possess adequate knowledge about the basic dental tools used for maintaining oral hygiene (60.1 until 79.7%). However, they possess less knowledge about the interdental aids pertaining to specific situations (35.8%) and the dose and frequency of use of chlorhexidine and other oral irrigation devices (32.9%). Conclusion: Although dental interns in India have basic knowledge about oral hygiene tools, there is a need for instilling greater awareness and learning about the use of oral hygiene aids in dental schools to upgrade the knowledge of students."
Jakarta: Journal of Dentistry Indonesia, 2018
J-pdf 25:2 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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