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"Studi ini mengungkap apa sebenarnya Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) terkait tindakan okupasi ruang publik perkotaan yaitu trotoar dan jalan. PKL sebagai pelaku usaha sektor informal adalah elemen bagi bergulirnya ekonomi perkotaan. Keberadaannya ikut mendukung kegiatan sektor formal di samping menjadi penyedia komoditas berharga murah bagi Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah. Karena disadari bahwa PKL ikut berperan dalam ekonomi perkotaan, Pemerintah Kota merasa perlu membina mereka agar berkembang dan mandiri dan mampu menembus 9pasar bersama usaha di sektor formal. Regulasi Pemerintah dalam legalisasi PKL sangat rinci namun tidak diimplementasikan dalam kebijakan spasial, sehingga PKL mengokupasi ruang publik perkotaan. Tindakan ini berstatus illegal karena tidak sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Kota. Namun karena ruang publik yang diokupasi adalah lokasi ideal bagi PKL, mereka akan tetap bertahan dengan cara berlindung kepada aparat pemerintah dengan memberikan imbalan sesuai kesepakatan. Meskipun demikian okupasi tetap merupakan tindakan melanggar peraturan yang rawan terpinggirkan. Keberadaan PKL diruang publik ini juga merupakan bentuk ruang yang dipersepsikan berbeda dari yang dikonsepsikan. Okupasi trotoar dan jalan juga merupakan representasi ruang sosial yang terbangun dari praktik pertukaran antara PKL dengan pelanggan masyarakat perkotaan yang tidak terwadahi dengan tepat. Maka dengan mengacu pada teori Lefebvre : Produksi Ruang, gejala ini dapat dijelaskan sebagai masukan untuk acuan dalam proses konsepsi ruang, yang akan mengarahkan pada wujud lingkung bangun yang memberi persepsi akan guna ruang yang sesuai untuk merepresentasikan hubungan sosial yang diwadahinya.

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This study reveals what actually hawkers or Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) related to occupational measures of urban public space and street pavement. PKL as informal sector businesses are the elements for the passing of the urban economy. Supporting the existence of formal sector activities in addition to low-cost commodity providers for Poor People. Since it was realized that the PKL participating in the urban economy, the city felt the need to nurture them to grow and self-reliant and able to penetrate the market with the formal business sector.

Government Regulation in the legalization of PKL are very detailed but not although conscious violation of the rules remain as PKL who occupied the location is most ideal for his business. Strategies to survive in the preferred location to do the street vendors to government officials is to take refuge with the reward according to agreement.

The presence of PKL is also a form of public room space is perceived is different from that conceived. Occupational sidewalks and roads are also a representation of social space that is built up from the practice of exchange between the PKL with customers but is not contained properly. Referring to the theory of Lefebvre: Production of Space, this phenomenon can be explained as an input for reference in the conception of space, thus leading to a form suitable environment up to represent social relationships."

"[Latar Belakang. Deteksi dini risiko pajanan ergonomi di tempat kerja menggunakan instrumen skrining merupakan salah satu cara cepat dan mudahyang dapat dilakukan. Instrumen RULA dan ceklis OCRA merupakan metodepenilaian semi-kuantitatif yang cukup banyak digunakan namun belum diketahuipenerapannya pada sektor informal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuikesesuaian hasil penilaian menggunakan instrumen OCRA dengan RULA untukskrining UE-WMSDs pada kelompok pekerja pengrajin logam informal. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan disain potong lintang terhadap pengrajin logaminformal Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor. Penilaian dilakukan dengan mengamatiaktivitas subyek selama delapan jam kerja per hari pada 17 bagian kerja kemudianmemberikan skor berdasarkan lembar ceklis. Hasil total skor dikategorikanmenjadi acceptable ( OCRA: ≤ 7,5; RULA: ≤ 2) dan berisiko (OCRA: ≥ 7,6;RULA ≥ 3). Hasil. Pada total subyek pekerja 78 orang didapatkan 52/78 (74,3%) subyekberisiko untuk tangan kanan dan 15/78 (34,9%) subyek untuk tangan kiri padakedua metode. Berdasarkan tugas kerja didapatkan 13/17 bagian berisiko untukkanan dan 6/17 kiri. Perbedaan hasil OCRA dan RULA terutama pada bagianbubut dan pemotongan (manual dan semi-automatis).Secara umum instrumenRULA menilai lebih banyak risiko UE-WMSDs dibandingkan OCRA dengankesesuaian dari kedua metode ini rendah pada kedua ekstremitas (kappa (kanan):0,07; kappa (kiri): 0,17). Simpulan dan Saran. Metode RULA lebih dianjurkan sebagai instrumen skrining UE-WMSDs pada pekerja logam informal. Dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap instrumen skrining lain dan penilaian keseluruhan proses kerja untuk penentuan metode yang paling sesuai. ;Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods forearly detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklistsare semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widelyapplied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit ofOCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkersinformal groups. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkersgroups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects? assessments being done by observing eight-houractivityperdayforeachsubjectsin17workstationandbyscoringchecklistsheets.Totalscoreresultswerecategorizedinto acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3). Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at riskfor right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobswere high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result differencebetween OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual andsemi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklistso that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;left: 0.17). Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDsscreeninginstrumentforinformal metalworkers groups. Further research usingother type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. , Background. The use of screening instrument is considered as effective methods forearly detection of ergonomic risk exposure at workplace. RULA and OCRA-checklistsare semi-quantitative assessment methods that have been widely used, but not widelyapplied particularly in the informal sector. This study determines the goodness of fit ofOCRA-checklists compared with RULA for screening UE-WMSDs on metalworkersinformal groups. Method. This study used a cross-sectional design involving informal metalworkersgroups in Citeureup-Bogor . Subjects’ assessments being done by observing eight-houractivityperdayforeachsubjectsin17workstationandbyscoringchecklistsheets.Totalscoreresultswerecategorizedinto acceptable (OCRA: ≤ 7.5; RULA: ≤ 2) and high risk(OCRA: ≥ 7.6; RULA ≥ 3). Result. A total of 78 subjects, both methods showed 52/78(74.3%) subjects were at riskfor right hand and 15/78 (34.9%) subjects for left hand. Based on job task, 13/17 jobswere high risk for the right and 6/17 for the left hand. There were result differencebetween OCRA and RULA instruments especially for lathe and cutting (manual andsemi-automatic) jobs. Generally, RULA instrument assess more risks factors than OCRAchecklistso that goodness of fit was low for both extremities (kappa score right: 0.07;left: 0.17). Conclusion and Recommendation. RULA method is more recommended as UEWMSDsscreeninginstrumentforinformal metalworkers groups. Further research usingother type of screening instruments and overall tasks assessment is necessary to find most appropriate method. ]"

"Focusing on children from infancy to adolescence, Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents, 7th Edition provides comprehensive, full-color coverage of pediatric conditions and treatment techniques in all settings. Its emphasis on evidence-based practice includes updated references, research notes, and explanations of the evidentiary basis for specific interventions. And coverage of new research and theories, new techniques, and current trends, with additional case studies, keeps you in step with the latest advances in pediatric OT practice. Written by educators Jane Case-Smith and Ja."

"ABSTRAKLatar BelakangGangguan depresi sering kali muncul di usia muda, menurunkan fungsi, berulang, dan menurunkan produktivitas. Faktor risiko terjadinya depresi telah teridentifikasi pada pekerja industri formal. Pekerja di industri kerajinan tas Desa Kadu Genep selalu melakukan lembur sejak awal bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan faktor okupasi dan faktor lainnya terhadap kejadian depresi pada pekerja lembur di industri kecil sektor informal ini.MetodeDesain penelitian adalah Cross Sectional komparatif. Faktor okupasi yang diteliti adalah jumlah jam kerja, masa kerja dan jenis tugas. Analisis komparatif dilakukan terhadap 42 responden tidak depresi dan 31 responden depresi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus- September 2016 di Desa Kadu Genep, Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dengan pemilik usaha, dan pengamatan proses kerja.HasilHasil uji multivariat didapatkan bahwa Jenis Tugas OR adjusted = 6,975; CI =1,170 - 41,577 , Status Pernikahan OR adjusted = 15,465; CI=2,085 - 114,706 , Usia OR adjusted = 0,076;CI =0,005 - 1,273 , dan Stres Kerja OR adjusted = 62,453; CI = 8,826 - 441,906 memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian depresi pada pekerja lembur di industri ini,. Prevalensi depresi pada pekerja lembur di Desa Kadu Genep adalah 29,8 .Kesimpulan dan SaranFaktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian depresi pada pekerja lembur di industri kecil sektor informal di pedesaan adalah jenis tugas, stres kerja, usia dan status pernikahan. Prevalensi depresi pada pekerja lembur di Desa Kadu Genep 6 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan prevalensi gangguan mental emosional Provinsi Banten. Instansi pemerintah terkait perlu mengembangkan program kesehatan kerja bagi pekerja industri informal.Kata kunci : Depresi, pekerja lembur, faktor okupasi, industri informal pedesaan.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression disorder often appear in young age, deteriorate function, recurrent, and decrease productivity. Several risk factors of depression have been identified among workers in the formal sector. Workers in Kadu Genep Village Bag Craft Center have undergone overtime since they start working. This study aim to know the association of occupational and other factors with depression among overtime workers in this rural industries informal sector.MethodThe study design is comparative cross sectional. Occupational factors studied are working hours, years of services, and types of duty. Comparative analysis is done to 42 respondents without depression, and 31 respondents with depression. The study conducted in August September 2016 at Desa Kadu Genep, Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Data were obtained by structured interview with questionnaire, interview with the employers, and observation.ResultsMultivariate analysis found that types of duty OR adjusted 6,975 CI 1,170 41,577 , marital status OR adjusted 15,465 CI 2,085 114,706 , age OR adjusted 0,076 CI 0,005 1,273 , and work stress OR adjusted 62,453 CI 8,826 441,906 show associatiob with depression among overtime workers in this industry. Depression prevalence among overtime workers in Desa Kadu Genep is 29.8 .ConclusionFactors which have association with depression among overtime workers in rural industries informal sector are types of duty, work stress, age, and marital status. Depression prevalence among overtime workers in Kadu Genep village is 6 times higher than the prevalence of mental emotional disorder in Banten Province. Relevant government agencies need to develop suitable occupational health programs for informal workers.Key words depression, overtime workers, occupational factors, rural industries informal sector."