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"Isi Ringkasan :Dalam rangka peningkatan dan pemerataan pendapatan, Pemerintah melaksanakan Pembangunan di daerah-daerah, termasuk daerah Kalimantan Barat. Pembangunan Dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi,masing-masing daerah.Pembangunan daerah Kalimantan Barat dititikberatkan pada pembangunan ekonomi. Pembangunan ekonomi tersebut selain bertumpu pada pengelolaan hasil hutan beserta industri pengolahannya, juga pada perkebunan, termasuk di dalamnya adalah perkebunan kelapa sawit yang rerata pertumbuhannya tertinggi di antara jenis perkebunan lainnya.Pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Barat dilaksanakan mulai tahun 1980 oleh PN Perkebunan VII (Sekarang PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIIIKalimantan). Perkebunan ini berkembang pesat dan diprediksikan mencapai setengah juta hektar pada tahun 2000. Dengan luas tersebut diharapkan pada masa datang sektor industri kelapa sawit akan merupakan unsur pokok penggerak pembangunan di Kalimantan Barat.Di sisi lain, pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit, seperti halnya pembangunan proyek-proyek pada umumnya, akan berdampak positif dan negatif terhadap komponen-komponen lingkungan hidup, termasuk komponen sosial ekonomi dan budaya. Dampak tersebut harus diwaspadai, dampak negatif harus ditekan menjadi sekecil-kecilnya.Cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam hal ini adalah dengan mengadakan evaluasi terhadap dampak yang ditimbulkan. Dengan evaluasi akan diketahui apakah tindakan dan dampak tersebut sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, selanjutnya dapat dilakukan tindakan-tindakan yang tepat untuk menghindarkan dampak negatif.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak yang timbul dengan adanya PIR V Ngabang yang meliputi aspek demografi, sosial ekonomi dan sosial budaya, mengkaji sebab dan akibat dampak, serta persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan PIR V Ngabang. Untuk mendukung penelitian tersebut, dipergunakan hipotesis, jika keberadaan PIR V Ngabang memberikan dampak sosial ekonomi dan budaya, maka adanya PIR V Ngabang dapat menimbulkan dampak terhadap tingkat pendidikan, kegiatan bersama dan pertemuan warga, mata pencaharian, dan penghasilan masyarakat. Untuk menganalisis dan membuktikan hipotesis di atas, maka dalam penelitian ini akan diukur dan dianalisis beberapa variabel, yaitu:- Tenaga kerja yang terserap oleh PIR V- Tingkat pendidikan masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah adanya PIR- Kegiatan masyarakat dan pertemuan warga sebelum dan sesudah adanya perkebunan- Mata pencaharian utama dan sampingan sebelum dan sesudah adanya PIR V- Tingkat penghasilan masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah ada perkebunanPenentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive dengan kriteria desa yang dipilih adalah desa yang berdekatan dengan PIR, dan mata pencaharian masyarakatnya beragam. Untuk itu lokasi penelitian ditentukan di desa Hilir Kantor, sebuah desa terletak disebelah timur PIR dan berhimpitan dengan FIR. Dari desa Hilir Kantor diteliti keadaan sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakatnya.Untuk mendapatkan gambaran keadaan desa sebelum ada PIR, ditentukan desa dengan kriteria terletak di Kecamatan Ngabang, diperkirakan tidak terkena dampak PIR, dan mempunyai kemiripan dalam hal akses keluar masuk desa . desa tersebut kemudian-dijadikan desa pembanding-. Desa .yang ditetapkan sebagai desa pembanding adalah desa Jelimpo, sebuah desa diperbatasan Kecamatan Ngabang dengan Sosok, dan terletak kira-kira 30 km dari desa Hilir Kantor. Dari desa Jelimpo diteliti keadaan sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakatnya.Dengan membandingkan keadaan kedua desa tersebut dapat diperoleh gambaran dampak sosial ekonomi dan budaya PIR V Ngabang terhadap masyarakat sekitarnya.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi yang dimaksud dalam hal ini adalah kepala keluarga (KK) yang sudah bermukim di lokasi penelitian lebih dari 15 tahun. Sampel ditentukan secara acak sebesar 10% dari populasi.Berdasarkan data, jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK) yang telah lebih dari 15 tahun bermukim di desa Hilir Kantor adalah 671 KK dan di desa Jelimpo adalah 336 KK. Sesuai dengan ketentuan tersebut, responden di desa Hilir Kantor berjumlah 67 orang (KR) dan responden di desa Jelimpo berjumlah 33 orang (KK).Data primer diperoleh dengan mempergunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden, selain itu dilakukan wawancara yang mendalam untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang tidak terungkap dari kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian selanjutnya di analisis dengan program SPSS PC Plus; distribusi frekuensi untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya meliputi demografi, sosial ekonomi dan sosial budaya, uji-t dan uji proporsi untuk mengetahui dampak sosial ekonomi dan budaya PIR V Ngabang terhadap desa Hilir Kantor, dan tabulasi silang untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan PIR V Ngabang.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan, kecuali meningkatnya pendidikan dan penghasilan penduduk, secara umum dapat dikatakan keberadaan PIR V Ngabang memberikan dampak positif yang kecil dan bahkan Menimbulkan dampak negative terhadap budaya masyarakat.Meningkatnya tingkat pendidikan pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau alpha 0,05, karena PIR V Ngabang membangun sarana pendidikan SD dan SMP untuk keluarga karyawan, yang dapat pula dipergunakan oleh masyarakat sekitar.Tingkat penghasilan rata-rata setelah ada PIR adalah sebesar Rp 255.731,00 lebih tinggi dibandingkan sebelum ada PIR dimana rata-rata penghasilan penduduk Rp 357.424,00 , pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,99 atau alpa 0,01. Meningkatnya penghasilan masyarakat karena dengan adanya PIR V telah mendorong berkembangnya non basic ekonomi, sektor informal, warung-warung, perdagangan jasa dan lain-lain di desa sekitarnya. Beberapa hal lain' yang ditemukan sebagai berikut :PIR V Ngabang sangat rendah merespon tenaga kerja lokal. Dari penelitian diperoleh gambaran bahwa tenaga kerja lokal yang diserap hanya sebanyak 7,5% dari angkatan kerja yang ada, dan ini hanya mengisi 1,8% lowongan yang ada di perkebunan.Hasil penelitian juga menyiratkan adanya perubahan mata pencaharian utama dan sampingan penduduk yang bergeser dari petani menjadi beragam usaha, pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau alpa 0,05, yang disebabkan bertambah luasnya kesempatan berusaha di sektor perdagangan di sekitar perkebunan. Keberadaan PIR V telah memberikan dampak negative dengan "melemahnya keterlibatan sosial (social involvement) anggota masyarakat, pada tingkat kepercayaan 0,95 atau alpa 0,05, sebagai akibat lebih banyaknya ourahan waktu dan perhatian mereka tujukan pada pekerjaan mereka.

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Social, Economic And Cultural Impact Of Oil Palm Plantation (A Case Study of PIR V Ngabang P.T Perkebunan Nusantara KIII in West Kalimantan)Summary :

In the frame of increasing and implementing earning even distribution, the government carries out the development in all regions, including West Kalimantan. This development is carried out in accordance with the capability and potential which are available in each region.

The development in West Kalimantan is focused on economical sector. That economical sector's development encompasses the management of forest product, processing industry and plantation, including oil palm plantation that has the highest grade among other plantations.

The development of oilpalm plantation in West Kalimantan was first carried out in 1980 by PN Perkebunan VII (recent name P.T Perkebunan Nusantara KIII Kalimantan).The oilpalm plantation is grown up rapidly and it is estimated will reach 500.000 acres by the year 2000. By having that 500.000 acres, it is hoped that oilpalm industry sector can be the main key of development in West Kalimantan in the future.

Besides, the development of oilpalm plantation, like other developments, will bring about positive and negative impacts to the living environmental components, including social component, economical component and cultural component. Those impacts should be alert, and negative impact should be minimized. The way that can be done to overcome those emerging impacts is by initiating evaluation, for by having evaluation it can be known whether the measures as well as the impacts conform to the setting desire. So, the appropriate measures can be carried out in order to be able to avoid the negative impact.

The purpose of this research is to find out what types of impact that are going to emerge after PIR V Ngabang is established and it encompasses some aspects, such as demography, socioeconomic and sociocultural, examine the impact of cause - impact, as well as society's perception to the existence of PIR V Ngabang. Hypotesis is used to support the research, and the existence of PIR V brings about some impacts to socioeconomic and sociocultural at PIR surrounding area. By using hypothesis, education level after having PIR is higher than before having PIR and also together activities after having FIR is fewer than before having PIR, social meeting after having PIR is fewer than before having PIR, the main earnliving after having PIR is getting more and more various than before having PIR, secondary earnliving after having PIR is also geting more and more various than before having PIR and the income after having PIR is higher than before having PIR. To analyze and prove the above hypothesis, so this research is going to measure and analyze some variables, they are:

- Employees that are employed by PIR V

- Society's education grade before and after having PIR

- Society's activities and meeting of members of society before and after having plantation.

- The main and the second earnliving before and after having PIR Y

- Society's income level before and after having plantation

The determination of location of research is initiated purposively and the criteria of the chosen village is a village that is close to PIR and the members of the society have various earnlivings. That-is why, research location is determined at the village of Hilir Kantor, a village that is located on southern PIR and is close to PIR. There, the research is done on the situation of socioeconomic and cultural society. To get the illustration of the village situation before having PIR, it is determined with criteria of having similarity topography with the village of Hilir Kantor, located at Ngabang subdistrict and it is assumed that the impact of PIR will not effect it. That village, furthermore, is to be' a standard village. The Jelimpo village is determined as a standard village, it is in the border of Ngabang subdistrict and Sosok and is located around 30 km away from Hilir Kantor village. In Jelimpo village, the research is done on socioeconomic and cultural society. By comparing the situation of those two villages, so it can get an illustration of socioeconomic impact and culture of PIR V Ngabang to the surrounding society.

This research constitutes a descriptive research. Population which is related to this subject means the family heads (KK) who have been living at the research location for more than 15 years. Samples are based on data, the number of family heads (KK) who have been living at Hilir Kantor village for more than 15 years is 671 family heads (KR) and those who have been living at Jelimpo village is 336 family heads (KK). In conformity with those stipulations, respondents at Hilir Kantor village are 67 people and at Jelimpo village are 33 people. Data which are obtained from further research are analyzed with SPSS PC Plus programme. The frequency of distribution to 'identify the condition of socioeconomic and cultural encompasses demography, ocioeconomic and sociocultural, the initiating of t-test is to find out the impact of socioeconomic and cultural PIR V Ngabang to Hilir Kantor village and crossed tabulation in order to find out the society's perception to the existence of PIR V Ngabang.

First data is obtained by using questionnaires. Besides, an intense interview is used in order to obtain a further information.

Based on the outcome of the research, generally the existence of PIR V Ngabang brings about a minor positive impact and even it can arouse negative impact to the cultural society, except the increasing of the education level and society's income. The increasing of education level at the degree of 0,95 trusting or alpha 0,05 is caused PIR V have built means of education from elementary school (SD) to junior high school (SHP) level and those schools are to be used by the family of employees as well as by the surrounding society. The average of salary degree after having PIR is Rp. 265.731,00 and it is higher than before having FIR, viz Rp. 157.424,00, at 0,99 of trusting degree or alpha 0.01. The increasing of society's income is caused PIR V have contributed the motivation to develop non-basic economic, informal sectors, stalls, service of trade and so forth at surrounding villages. Some other things that were found are:

PIR V Ngabang is lack of responding local employees. The research shows that local employees which are employed are just 7.5 percent of the available work force or it just fills 1.8 percent of the available vacancies at plantation field.

The outcome of the research also shows that there is a change of main earnliving of the society, it is from cultivators into merchants profession, at 0,95 of trusting degree or alpha 0,05 because the expansion of oppurtunities of having a job at trade sector around the plantation.

The existence of PIR V arouse negative impact together with the lack of social involvement of members of society because they completely spend their time on their jobs."

"Penelitian ini menelusuri berbagai bentuk alienasi yang dihadapi perempuan buruh harian lepas di perkebunan sawit rakyat (BHL sawit) yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan aktivitas produksinya tetapi juga aktivitas reproduksinya, serta menelusuri bagaimana perempuan BHL sawit proses membangun agensi dalam menghadapi alienasi atas dirinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah perkebunan sawit rakyat berskala industri di Povinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan perspektif feminis dan menggunakan kerangka teori alienasi yang dikembangkan oleh Alison Jaggar dan teori agensi yang dikembangkan oleh Sherry B. Ortner. Melalui rangkaian pendekatan tersebut, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan BHL sawit mengalami empat bentuk alienasi yakni alienasi seksualitas, alienasi motherhood, alienasi intelektualitas dan alienasi terhadap alam. Proses alienasi atas perempuan BHL sawit dalam empat bentuk tersebut tidak terlepas dari proses tersingkirnya perempuan sebagai akibat ketidaktersediaan sumber produksi dan hubungan pengelolaan lahan yang dimiliki oleh perempuan. Selain itu, proses alienasi perempuan BHL sawit terkait erat dengan struktur sosial, akses, relasi sosial serta aktivitas produksi di perkebunan dan aktivitas reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini juga mengungkapkan agensi yang dibangun perempuan BHL sawit terkait strategi, negosiasi hingga resistensi sebagai respon atas proses alienasi yang dialami perempuan BHL sawit.

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This research identifies forms of alienation faced by women casual workers in oil palm plantation both at the production activity and the reproduction one, and elaborates the process of the women build their agency in the face of alienation. This research is held in a commercial smallholding oil palm plantation at Riau Province. Qualitative with feminist perspective is used as an approach of this research. There are two theoretical frameworks applied for this paper, the theory of alienation developed by Alison Jaggar and the Theory of Agency developed by Sherry B. Ortner. Through those frameworks, this research reveals that women casual workers in oil palm plantation experience four forms of alienations which are alienation in sexuality, motherhood, intellectuality and in environment. The process of alienation of the women in these four forms cannot be separated from the process of eliminating women as a result of the unavailability of production sources and the management of land owned by women. Moreover, the alienation process to women daily labor in oil palm plantation is closely related with the social structure, access, social relation, and both production and reproduction activity of women in the plantation. This research also elaborates the agency built by women casual workers in oil palm plantation related to the strategy, negotiation, and even resistance as a respond toward alienation process experienced by them."

"[ABSTRACTA number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective. The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level., A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.]"

"Pembukaan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Badau dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penyerapan tenaga kerja di daerah tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kontribusi perkebunan kelapa sawit terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Badau. Perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat menyerap banyak jumlah tenaga kerja, dari jumlah tenaga kerja yang semakin besar tentu akan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan atau pemasukan suatuwilayah. Daerah penelitian meliputi sembilan desa di Kecamatan Badau dengan unit analisis adalah desa. Metode penelitian adalah dengan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan keruangan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah semakin besar pendapatan rata-rata suatu desa maka ketimpangan pendapatan semakin meningkat. Hal ini terlihat dari tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2011 dimana pendapatan rata-rata desa menurun maka ketimpangannya pun menurun dan berbanding terbalik dengan jumlah tenaga kerja, semakin besar jumlah tenaga kerja maka semakin menurun indeks ketimpangannya.

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The establishment of oil palm plantation in Badau Sub District can be utilized as employment in that area. The purpose of this research is to discover the contribution of oil palm plantations on income inequality that occured in Badau Sub District. Oil palm plantations could absorb a lot of the workforce, from the amount of labor would have greater effect on revenue or income of a region. The Research area include nine rural in the Badau Sub District. The method of this research is a descriptive analysis of the spatial approach.

The result of this research is the greater the average income its means income ineaquality will increase. It has seen from 2009 to 2011 where the average rural income dropped so the inequality income was decreased and inversely proportional to the amount of labor, the greater the amount of labor, the disparities was decreased."

"Oil palm development is important for Indonesias economy. However, it has some issues regarding economic and environmental performance should be considered. This paper revealed the relation of gross regional domestic product (GRDP), unemployment rate, environmental quality index and oil palm plantation and oil palm production. This study utilises panel data regression analysis using time dimension 2007 to 2017 in Indonesia. This paper uses two independent variables, oil palm plantation and oil palm production. It has three dependent variables as follows: gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, unemployment rate and environmental quality index. Furthermore, it seems that oil palm plantation has insignificant correlation to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. However, oil palm production has negatively correlated to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. Additionally, both oil palm plantation and oil palm production have negative relationship with unemployment rate.

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Pengembangan kelapa sawit penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan perekonomian dan lingkungan hidup yang harus diperhatikan. Makalah ini mengungkapkan hubungan produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), tingkat pengangguran, indeks kualitas lingkungan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta produksi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan dimensi waktu mulai 2007 sampai dengan 2017 di Indonesia. Makalah ini menggunakan dua variabel independen, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan produksi kelapa sawit. Selain itu juga menggunakan tiga variabel dependen, sebagai berikut: produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) per kapita, tingkat penganggurana dan indeks kualitas lingkungan. Hasilnya adalah tampaknya perkebunan kelapa sawit memiliki korelasi yang tidak signifikan dengan produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) per kapita. Namun, produksi kelapa sawit berkorelasi positif dengan produk domestik bruto (PDRB) per kapita. Selain itu, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan produksi kelapa sawit memiliki hubungan negatif dengan tingkat pengangguran."

"Laporan ini menganalisis kebijakan akuntansi aset sawit Grup ABC mulai darikapitalisasi biaya pada tanaman belum menghasilkan, setelah umur tiga tahundireklasifikasi menjadi tanaman menghasilkan. PT AAA melakukan reklasifikasitanaman belum menghasilkan untuk pertama kalinya. Selain itu, PT BBB telahmenyesuaikan salah kapitalisasi biaya pada tanaman belum menghasilkan.Sehingga, kebijakan akuntansi sesuai dengan PSAK 16. Berdasarkan analisisprosedur audit menurut Standar Audit yang berlaku di Indonesia, prosedur audityang dilakukan tidak sesuai dengan SA 200 tentang perikatan audit, kode etikakuntan profesional, dan SA 500 tentang ketepatan bukti. Namun, auditor telahmelakukan prosedur substantif sesuai SA 330 dan SA 520.

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This report analyzes the accounting policy of palm asset from capitalization ofexpenses into immature plantation, after three years it is reclassified into matureplantation. PT AAA reclassify its immature plantation for the first time. Besides,PT BBB has adjusted miscapitalization of immature plantation. So, the accountingpolicy is in accordance with PSAK 16. According to audit procedure analysis basedon Indonesian standard on auditing, the audit procedure does not comply with SA200 about audit engagement, code of ethics for professional accountants, and SA500 about evidence accuracy. Nonetheless, the substantive procedures comply withSA 330 and SA 520."

"Kegiatan perkebunan kelapa sawit banyak memberikan keuntungan ekonomi, tetapi memunculkan kerugian lingkungan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu adanya kerusakan lingkungan akibat perkebunan merugikan masyarakat dan memicu konflik sosial. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun strategi penyelesaian konflik sosial akibat kerusakan lingkungan berbasis partisipasi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah gabungan kuantitatif untuk analisis statistik dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert terhadap 101 responden dan wawancara kepada 7 narasumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penyelesaian konflik sosial akibat kerusakan lingkungan dapat dilakukan dengan menurunkan nilai konflik sosial sebesar 67,7%, serta meningkatkan kerusakan lingkungan sebesar 33,2%, partisipasi masyarakat sebesar 33,7%, kemampuan masyarakat sebesar 11,3%, dan pengelolaan lingkungan sebesar 63,6% agar terjadi 1 peningkatan pada upaya penyelesaian konflik sosial, disertai dengan pemanfaatan pendekatan sosial oleh perusahaan dan bantuan dari pihak pemerintah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu peningkatan masing-masing nilai variabel yang signifikan dan bantuan pihak ketiga sebagai strategi penyelesaian konflik sosial akibat kerusakan lingkungan.

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Oil palm plantation activities provide many economic benefits, but cause environmental losses. The problem in this study is that environmental damage caused by plantations harms the community and triggers social conflicts. The research objective is to develop a strategy for resolving social conflicts due to environmental damage based on community participation. The method used is a combination of quantitative for statistical analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis using a Likert scale questionnaire to 101 respondents and interviews with 7 resource persons. The results showed that solving social conflicts due to environmental damage can be done by reducing the value of social conflict by 67.7%, as well as increasing environmental damage by 33.2%, community participation by 33.7%, community capacity by 11.3%, and environmental management by 63.6% so that there is an increase in efforts to resolve social conflicts, accompanied by the use of social approaches by companies and assistance from the government. The conclusion of this study is a significant increase in each variable value and third-party assistance as a strategy for resolving social conflicts due to environmental damage."