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"Thoroughly revised and updated for its Fourth Edition, a comprehensive reference on hospital epidemiology and infection control. Written by over 150 leading experts, this new edition examines every type of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infection and addresses every issue relating to surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections in patients and in healthcare workers. This new edition features new or significantly increased coverage of emerging infectious diseases, avian influenza, governmental regulation of infection control and payment practices related to hospital-acquired infections, molecular epidemiology, the increasing prevalence of community-acquired MRSA in healthcare facilities, system-wide infection control provisions for healthcare systems, hospital infection control issues following natural disasters, and antimicrobial stewardship in reducing the development of antimicrobial-resistant organisms."

"Di rumah sakit pendidikan dengan kapasitas 925 tempat tidur, telah dilakukan program pengendalian infeksi nosokomial sejak tahun 1985. Tahun 1988 rumah sakit ini ditunjuk menjadi Rumah Sakit Model untuk pengembangan program pengendalian infeksi nosokomial di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kegiatan Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial menurun sejak tahun 1990 dengan menitikberatkan pada faktor organisasi, sumber daya, dan kegiatan tim.Adapun rancangan penelitiannya adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan berupa studi kasus dimana sasaran penelitian diambil secara purposif.Hasil yang didapat adalahSejak akhir tahun 1990, rumah sakit ini memusatkan perhatiannya kepada persiapan " Rumah Sakit unit Swadana ", sehingga seluruh kegiatan dan penggunaan sumber daya baik sumber daya manusia, dana, sarana diarahkan dalam persiapan ini. Sedangkan program-program lainnya dipersiapkan untuk tahap berikutnya.Menyadari pentingnya program pengendalian infeksi nosokomial, maka perlu adanya kesepakatan di tingkat pimpinan Rumah Sakit mengenai perlunya Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial diaktifkan kembali.Struktur organisasi Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial sangatlah kompleks, sehingga perlu disederhanakan dan dibutuhkan uraian tugas yang jelas dan terperinci.Susunan anggota Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial sebagian besar terdiri dari kalangan medis. Program Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial merupakan program terpadu, sehingga dibutuhkan anggota anggota yang berasal dari kalangan medis maupun penunjang medis. Selanjutnya ketua Panitia Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial dan anggota-anggotanya perlu dipilih yang dapat melaksanakan kegiatan program ini secara aktif dan mempunyai minat yang besar pada program ini.Anggota-anggota program pengendalian infeksi nosokomial mau ikut serta secara aktif, tetapi mereka sadar akan kemampuan mereka yang terbatas, sehingga perlu terus menerus diberi pengarahan dan ilmu yang memadai.

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Factors that Cause Activities of the Infection Control Committee Decline in " RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung"In a 925 bedded teaching hospital, Infection Control Program (ICP) was done since 1985 was chosen to be a model of developing infection control program for Indonesia.

The aim of this study is, to identify factors, that cause the activities of Infection Control Committee (ICC) declined since the end of 1990.

The result of this study , discovered :

Since the end of 1990 , Hospital attention has focused in preparing this hospital to become a " Rumah Sakit unit Swadana " which needed all the sources including human , financial and other facilities. Because ICP is very important, the hospital should be committed to this program.

The organization structure of ICC is very complex. Up till now, there are no detailed job descriptions.

The members of the ICC are only from the medical staff. Since ICP is a hospital wide program, its membership should have also representatives from other services/departments in the hospital. The chairman and all its members should be active involved and should have a special interest in this program.

In principal the members of ICC are willing to join this program, but they are aware, that they need much more information about infection control in the hospital.

References : 44 (1979-1996)"

"Prosedur tindakan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi mutlak harus diterapkan dirumah sakit termasuk di rawat inap. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan dan mencegah terjadinya infeksi pada pasien, petugas, pengunjung dan masyarakat sekitar fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Selain menurunkan tingkat kesakitan dan kematian karena infeksi nosokomial, pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi yang baik akan menurunkan biaya kesehatan karena dapat menurunkan lama rawat yang berdampak pada penurunan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi di rawat inap Rumah Sakit Pusat Otak Nasional. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Wawancara mendalam, diskusi grup terarah,dan observasi lansung dilaksanakan terhadap 13 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi di rawat inap Rumah Sakit Pusat Otak Nasional ditinjau dari struktur, proses dan output belum terlaksana sesuai dengan pedoman pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi yang telah ditetapkan. Pelaksanaan pencegahan dan pelaksanaan infeksi di rawat inap belum optimal karena pelaksanaan kebersihan tangan, penggunaan alat pelindung diri, pemisahan limbah medis dan penyuntikan yang aman pada sebagian petugas belum dilakukan sesuai standar serta monitoring dan evaluasi yang tidak dilakukan secara rutin. Jumlah petugas yang masih kurang, tumpang tindih tugas dan kurangnya pelatihan berpengaruh pada pelaksanaan tugas pencegahan dan pengendalian. Saran yang dapat dilakukan adalah analisis beban kerja, meningkatkan pelatihan pada petugas dan monitoring serta evaluasi pelaksaanan pencegahan dan pengendalian infeksi dilakukan secara rutin.

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Infection prevention and control procedures must be implemented in hospitals including the inpatient care. It is intended to minimize and prevent infection in patients, healthcare workers, visitors, and the community surrounding the healthcare facility. Other than reducing mortality and morbidity rate associated with nosocomial infections, the right implementation of Infection prevention and control program will also reduce health costs due to reduced care duration which affects the decrease of the health cost expenditure.

The purpose of this research is to understand the descriptive ofinfection prevention and control implementation at the inpatient care of the National Brain Center Hospital. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Indepth interview, focus group discussion and observation are conducted with 13 informants.

Results of the study show that based on the structure, process and output,the infection prevention and control implementation at the inpatient care of the National Brain Center Hospital has been done according to the guidelines of the infection prevention and control that has been established. The infection prevention and control implementation at the inpatient care is not yet optimized because of the practices such as hand hygiene practice, use of personal protective equipment, separation of medical waste and safe injection that have not been done according to standard and have not been monitored and evaluated routinely. The insufficient number of healthcare workers, overlapping tasks and lack of training have an effect on the implementation of Infection prevention and control tasks.

Suggestions to be done are restructuring of the Infection prevention and control organization, analysis of workload, the increase of training for healthcare workers and routine monitoring and evaluation of Infection prevention and control implementation."