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"The Müller and northern Schwaner mountain ranges are home to a handful of tiny, isolated groups (Aoheng, Hovongan, Kereho, Semukung, Seputan), altogether totaling about 5,000 persons, which are believed to have been forest hunter-gatherers in a distant or recent past. Linguistic data were collected among these groups and other neighbouring groups between 1975 and 2010, leading to the delineation of two distinct clusters of languages of nomadic or formerly nomadic groups, which are called MSP (Müller-Schwaner Punan) and BBL (Bukat-Beketan-Lisum) clusters. These languages also display lexical affinity to the languages of various major Bornean settled farming groups (Kayan, Ot Danum). Following brief regional and particular historical sketches, their phonological systems and some key features are described and compared within the wider local linguistic setting, which is expected to contribute to an elucidation of the ultimate origins of these people and their languages."

"Southeast Asia is home to many distinct groups of sea nomads, some of whichare known collectively as Orang (Suku) Laut. Those located between Sumatra andthe Malay Peninsula are all Malayic-speaking. Information about their speech ispaltry and scattered; while starting points are provided in publications such asSkeat and Blagden (1906), Kähler (1946a, b, 1960), Sopher (1977: 178?180), Kadiret al. (1986), Stokhof (1987), and Collins (1988, 1995), a comprehensive accountand description of Malayic Sea Tribe lects has not been provided to date. Thisstudy brings together disparate sources, including a bit of original research, tosketch a unified linguistic picture and point the way for further investigation.While much is still unknown, this paper demonstrates relationships within andbetween individual Sea Tribe varieties and neighbouring canonical Malay lects.It is proposed that Sea Tribe lects can be assigned to four groupings: Kedah, RiauIslands, Duano, and Sekak."