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"Biosurfaktan berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengganti surfaktan berbahan dasar fosil karena sifatnya yang mudah terurai dan ramah lingkungan. Ester asam lemak gula menjadi salah satu jenis biosurfaktan yang menarik banyak perhatian karena memiliki sifat permukaan aktif yang baik dan berasal dari sumber daya terbarukan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis ester asam lemak fruktosa menggunakan asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak biji kelor, gula fruktosa, enzim Lipase Eversa Transform 2.0 dan pelarut n-heksana. Reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 40°C selama 72 jam. Terbentuknya produk ester asam lemak fruktosa dikonfirmasi melalui spektrum FTIR dengan puncak serapan C=O khas ester pada bilangan gelombang 1741 cm-1. Produk ester asam lemak fruktosa hasil sintesis diuji kemampuannya sebagai biosurfaktan dengan melihat kestabilannya dalam membentuk emulsi, serta diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya menggunakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk ester asam lemak fruktosa mampu menstabilkan emulsi minyak dalam air serta dapat menghambat pertumbuhan kedua jenis bakteri tersebut.

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Biosurfactants have the potential to be an alternative to fossil-based surfactants due to their biodegradability and environmental friendliness. Sugar fatty acid esters are a type of biosurfactant that has attracted significant attention because of their good surface-active properties and renewable sources. In this study, the synthesis of fructose fatty acid ester was conducted using fatty acids from hydrolyzed moringa seed oil, fructose, Lipase Eversa Transform 2.0 enzyme, and n-hexane solvent. The esterification reaction was performed at 40°C for 72 hours. The formation of the fructose fatty acid ester was confirmed by FTIR spectrum showing the characteristic ester C=O absorption peak at 1741 cm-1.  The fructose fatty acid ester product was tested for its capability as a biosurfactant by evaluating its emulsion stability and its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the fructose fatty acid ester could stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and inhibit the growth of both bacterial strains."

"Minyak biji kelor memiliki potensi antioksidan yang baik, namun secara topikal dapat menyebabkan iritasi dan rasa tidak nyaman pada kulit. Minyak biji kelor dirancang menggunakan sistem penghantaran Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan minyak biji kelor dalam bentuk topikal dengan sistem penghantaran SLN pada sediaan lotion. Minyak biji kelor dilakukan karakterisasi, lalu dijadikan zat aktif pada pembuatan SLN. Formula SLN dikarakterisasi dan dipilih satu formula untuk diinkorporasikan ke dalam sediaan lotion. Lotion dievaluasi serta diuji aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Formula SLN minyak biji kelor dengan konsentrasi gliseril monostearat 2,5% menunjukkan karakterisasi dengan ukuran globul (Dv90) 141 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,174, zeta potensial -35,4 mV dan efisiensi penjerapan sebesar 22,6887%. Formula lotion yang mengandung SLN sebanyak 10% memiliki ukuran globul 322 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,350, dan zeta potensial sebesar -35,9 mV. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan pada minyak biji kelor menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 147,027 µg/mL dan nilai IC50 sediaan lotion pada minggu ke-0 dan ke-12 menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas yaitu dari 11.993,868 µg/mL menjadi 37.661,615µg/mL. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan lotion yang mengandung 10% SLN minyak biji kelor tidak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan.

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Moringa seed oil has good antioxidant potential, but topically it can cause irritation and discomfort in the skin. Moringa seed oil is designed using a Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) delivery system that can form a film layer on the skin and can increase stability. This study aims to formulate and test antioxidant activity of Moringa seed oil in topical form with the SLN delivery system. Moringa seed oil was characterized, then used as an active substance in the preparation of SLN. The SLN formula was characterized and one formula was selected to be incorporated into the lotion preparation. Lotion preparations were evaluated and tested for antioxidant activity by the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The SLN formula of Moringa seed oil with a glyceryl monostearate concentration of 2.5% showed characterization with a globul size (Dv90) of 141 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.174, a potential zeta of -35.4 mV and entrapment efficiency of 22.6887%. The lotion formula containing 10% SLN had a globul size of 322 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.350, and a potential zeta of -35.9 mV. Lotion preparations showed good physical stability for 12 weeks at various temperatures, but were unstable at testing for viscosity, globul size, and potential zeta. The antioxidant activity of Moringa seed oil showed an IC50 value of 147.027 μg/mL and the IC50 value of Moringa seed oil SLN lotion preparations at the 0th and 12th weeks showed a decreased activity, namely from 11.993.868 μg/mL to 37.661.615μg/mL. It can be concluded that lotion preparations containing 10% SLN of Moringa seed oil does not have antioxidant activity.

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"Minyak biji kelor mengandung berbagai senyawa antioksidan dapat menangkal radikal bebas, namun aplikasinya secara topikal menyebabkan terjadinya iritasi kulit dan ketidaknyamanan akibat efek berminyak. Minyak biji kelor bersifat hidrofobik sehingga diformulasikan dalam sistem pembawa nanoemulsi. Serum mengandung agen farmasetik dalam jumlah tinggi dan efek hidrasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan mengetahui sifat antioksidan dari minyak biji kelor kemudian memformulasikanya menjadi serum nanoemulsi, melakukan uji stabilitas dan aktivitas antioksidan dari sediaan. Komponen kimia minyak dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas. Aktivitas antioksidan minyak dan sediaan diukur dengan metode peredaman DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Area optimum nanoemulsi pada diagram fase pseudo-ternary diperoleh berdasarkan hasil optimasi formula yang disusun terdiri campuran minyak dan smix mulai 1:9 hingga 9:1 dan dianalisis menggunakan software chemix 7.0. Formula optimum dimasukkan ke dalam formula serum dalam konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30%, formula terbaik dipilih berdasarkan hasil pengamatan stabilitas selama 1 minggu untuk selanjutnya diuji stabilitas selama 12 minggu dan uji aktivitas antioksidan. Minyak memiliki kandungan total asam lemak 65% b/b dengan kandungan asam oleat yang dominan hingga 72,341%. Minyak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sedang dengan IC50 147,0277 µg/mL. Formula nanoemulsi memiliki ukuran partikel Dv90 241 nm, PDI 0,474 dan zeta potensial -35,4 mV, nilai efisiensi penjerapan 58,59%. Uji stabilitas dilakukan terhadap sediaan serum dengan 10% kandungan nanoemulsi. Serum nanoemulsi stabil pada pengujian cycling test, uji mekanik dan penyimpanan pada berbagai suhu, namun terjadi peningkatan viskositas dan ukuran partikel. Aktivitas antioksidan serum sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 14601,76 µg/mL dan mengalami penurunan menjadi 61642 µg/mL setelah penyimpanan selama 12 minggu.

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Moringa seed oil contains various antioxidant compounds that can counteract free radicals, but its topical application causes skin irritation and discomfort due to the oily effect. Moringa seed oil is hydrophobic so it is formulated in a nanoemulsion carrier system. The serum contains a high amount of pharmaceutical agents and a good hydrating effect. The objective of this study was to characterize and determine the antioxidant properties of Moringa seed oil and then formulate it into a nanoemulsion serum, and test its stability and antioxidant activity. The chemical components of the oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. The antioxidant activity of was measured by the DPPH reduction method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The optimum area of ​​nanoemulsion on the pseudo-ternary phase diagram was obtained based on the results of the optimization of the formula which was composed of a mixture of oil and smix from 1:9 to 9:1 and analyzed using chemix 7.0 software. The optimum formula was put into the serum formula in concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, the best formula was selected based on the observation of stability for 1 week to be further tested for stability for 12 weeks and antioxidant activity test. The oil has a total fatty acid content of 65% w/w with a dominant oleic acid content of up to 72.341%. The oil has moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 147.0277 g/mL. The nanoemulsion formula had a particle size of 241 nm, PDI 0.474, and zeta potential -35.4 mV, the adsorption efficiency value is 58.59%. A stability test was carried out on serum formula with 10% nanoemulsion content. Serum nanoemulsion was stable in the cycling test, mechanical test, and storage at various temperatures, but there was an increase in viscosity and particle size. Serum antioxidant activity was very weak with an IC50 value of 14601.76 g/mL and decreased to 61642 g/mL after 12 weeks of storage."