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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dicirikan dengan terdapatnya kebocoran plasma yang signifikan. Sejauh ini metode yang tersedia untuk menilai kondisi tersebut dengan pemeriksaan serial hematokrit, USG, dan kadar albumin darah, yang pada kenyataannya masih sulit untuk menilai kebocoran plasma secara dini. Kebocoran plasma yang terjadi sejak fase awal dapat menimbulkan gangguan mikrosirkulasi, hipoperfusi jaringan, dan berakibat asidosis yang ditandai dengan penurunan kadar bikarbonat (HCO3-) dan base excess (BE) darah.Tujuan : Mengevaluasi peran bikarbonat dan base excess vena sebagai prediktor dan deteksi terjadinya kebocoran plasma pada pasien DBD saat akhir fase akut dan fase kritis.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif untuk menilai perbedaan rerata kadar bikarbonat dan BE vena pada pasien DBD dan DD (demam dengue) pada akhir fase akut dan fase kritis. Data yang diolah berdasarkan data rekam medis dan data penelitian sebelumnya pada pasien yang dirawat dengan diagnosis demam dengue (DD) dan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUP Persahabatan dan RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dari Maret 2014 sampai April 2015.Hasil : Dari 66 sampel, proporsi pasien pria lebih banyak yang dengan diagnosis DBD (59,4%), dengan kelompok usia 21-30 tahun merupakan yang terbanyak (p > 0,05). Rerata kadar BE lebih rendah pada pasien DBD dibandingkan DD pada hari ke-3 (p 0,014) dan hari ke-5 (p 0,005). Rerata bikarbonat juga diperoleh lebih rendah pada kelompok DBD dibandingkan DD pada hari ke-3 (p 0,004) dan hari ke-5 (p 0,003).Simpulan : Rerata bikarbonat dan base excess vena lebih rendah pada pasien DBD dibandingkan DD pada akhir fase akut dan fase kritis dan dapat membantu untuk memprediksi dan mendeteksi terjadinya kebocoran plasma pada dengue.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dengue infection tends to cause plasma leakage. Serial hematocrit, USG, and serum albumin are methods used for monitoring dengue infection. Yet, those methods are still lack in detecting early plasma leakage. It is important to determine plasma leakage, thus early management and monitoring could be conducted before severe stage. Plasma leakage occurs at acute phase of infection and causes microcirculation disturbance, tissue hypoperfusion, and acidosis based on reduction of bicarbonate and base excess.Objective: To evaluate the role of vein bicarbonate and base excess in predicting and detecting plasma leakage in adult patients with dengue infection during end stage of acute phase and critical phase.Methods: It is a cohort retrospective study to evaluate the mean difference of vein bicarbonate and base excess during the end stage of acute phase and critical phase, between dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue fever (DF) groups. The data being used, derived from medical record and previous study of hospitalized patients diagnosed with DF and DHF in Internal Medicine Ward RSUP Persahabatan and RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo from March 2014 until April 2015.Results: From 66 samples, there was higher number of male patients with DHF (59.4 %) and most of them was in age group 21-30 years (p > 0.05). In DHF group, mean of hematocrit was higher compared to DF group at the end of prodromal phase (p 0.059), then tended to reduce at acute phase (p 0.308). Mean of thrombocyte ( p < 0.05) in DHF group were lower at the end of prodromal phase and critical phase than in DF group. Most of the serotype found was DENV2 (30.3 %). Mean of BE on the 3rd day (p 0.014) and 5th day (p 0.005) of fever was lower in DHF group than DF group. Mean of bicarbonate on the 3rd day (p 0.004) and 5th day (p 0.003) of fever was also lower in DHF vs DF groups.Conclusion: Mean of vein bicarbonate and base excess was lower in DHF group compared to DF group at the end of prodromal phase and critical phase. Moreover, bicarbonate and base excess can be used for predicting and detecting plasma leakage in dengue infection."

"Blood vessels of tumors display many structural and functional abnormalities. Their unusual leakiness, potential for rapid growth and remodeling, and expression of distinctive surface molecules mediate the dissemination of tumor cells in the bloodstream and maintain the tumor microenvironment. Like normal blood vessels, they consist of endothelial cells, mural cells and their enveloping basement membrane. Common features, irrespective of their origin, size and growth pattern, are absent hierarchy, formation of large-caliber sinusoidal vessels, markedly heterogeneous density, increased permeability, decreased and abnormal pericyte-endothelial cell adhesion, irregular basement membrane structure, and the incorporation of bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells in the microvasculature. A number of specific tumor endothelial markers have been identified, as well as chromosomal abnormalities. These markers may be used to deliver drugs specifically and selectively to the tumor microvasculature."

"Latar Belakang. Selama ini pemberian oksigen dengan nasal kanul, sungkup hidung dan wajah merupakan tatalaksana pertama untuk gagal nafas hipoksemia. Alat high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) merupakan alternatif terapi oksigen yang lebih baik dari nasal kanul, karena dapat mengalirkan oksigen hingga 60 L/menit, FiO2 21% hingga 100% yang dilengkapi penghangat serta pelembab udara. Alat tersebut dapat menurunkan kerja otot- otot pernafasan dengan mekanisme menurunkan tekanan jalan nafas positif dan tahanan jalan nafas, meningkatkan oksigenasi, serta menghilangkan ruang rugi nasofaring. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan HFNC dengan terapi oksigen konvensional (TOK) terhadap profil hemodinamik dan mikrosirkulasi pada pasien pascabedah.Metodologi. Penelitian ini merupakan uji acak terkendali yang dilakukan di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo bulan Februari hingga Juli 2019. Sebanyak 40 subjek terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok HFNC (n=20) dan kelompok terapi oksigen konvensional (TOK) (n=20). Pengambilan data dilakukan pada menit ke-0, 30, 60, jam ke-3 dan ke-24 setelah prosedur ekstubasi. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan kateter vena sentral yang tertera di monitor, pengambilan darah dari kateter vena sentral, serta pengukuran hemodinamik dengan ICON® dari Ospyka. Uji kemaknaan dilakukan dengan uji-t tidak berpasangan dan generalize estimating equation (GEE) dengan SPSS versi 23.Hasil. Hasil uji kemaknaan menunjukkan tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok HFNC dengan kelompok TOK untuk seluruh luaran hemodinamik (p>0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna untuk luaran kadar laktat pada uji GEE dengan perbedaan rerata sekitar 0,78 mmol/L (nilai p=0,049), namun secara klinis tidak berbeda bermakna. Hal ini disebabkan tidak ada subyek kami yang mengalami hipoksemia maupun gangguan hemodinamik perioperatif.Kesimpulan. Penggunaan alat HFNC tidak lebih baik dibandingkan nasal kanul pada pasien pascabedah laparotomi abdomen atas di ICU.

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Background. Conventional oxygen therapy (COT) with nasal cannula, simple mask or face mask remains as the first line therapy for hypoxemic respiratory failure. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) serves as an alternative oxygen therapy which can deliver oxygen at the flow up to 60 L/min and FiO2 ranging from 21% to 100% via warm and humid air based on human's physiology. This device can decrease the workload of respiratory muscles by reducing positive airway pressure and airway resistances, improving oxygenation and washing out airways' dead space. This research was conducted to study the comparison between HFNC and COT on hemodynamic profile and microcirculation in post-upper abdominal patients.

Methods. This was an open label randomized controlled trial (RCT) at National Cipto Mangunkusumo between February to July 2019. Forty patients were recruited and divided into HFNC group (n=20) and COT group (n=20). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded using the bedside monitor (heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure) as well as the electrical cardiometry using ICON® measurements (stroke volume index, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index); laboratory parameters were ScvO2 and lactate serum collected via central venous catheter. Data were collected at 0, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 3 hours and 24 hours after extubation. Statistic analysis were conducted using independent sample T-test and generating estimating equations (GEE) with SPSS 23.

Results. All analysis showed no statistically significant difference between HFNC and COT group for all hemodynamic parameters (p>0.05). There was a significant mean difference for 0.78 mmol/L of serum lactate level according to GEE analysis in HFNC group (p=0.049), whereas this difference is not clinically significant. This results are caused by relatively stable subjects condition without the occurrence of perioperative hypoxemia or hemodynamic disturbances.

Conclusion. In post-upper abdominal surgery patients, HFNC is not superior compared to COT on improving hemodynamic and microcirculation outcomes."