Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang penyisihan amonia dari limbah sintetis menggunakan kontraktor membran Super Hidrofobik. Berdasarkan keputusan Kemen LH No. 51/1995, amonia harus disisihkan dari air limbah karena merupakan senyawa B3 yang merupakan pencemar air dan berbahaya bagi ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan variasi pH air limbah 10, 11 dan 12 menggunakan empat jenis absorben berupa air Ciater murni, larutan asam sulfat 0,1 M, asam sulfat berpelarut air Ciater dan larutan asam sulfat dengan pH sama dengan air Ciater. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kontaktor membran Super Hidrofobik mampu menyisihkan amonia dengan nilai efisiensi pemisahan mencapai 100% pada pH umpan 12 dan absorben yang memberikan hasil paling baik adalah asam sulfat berpelarut air Ciater yang memberikan nilai KL tertinggi sebesar 0,00036 Cm/s dengan nilai fluks sebesar 2,7903 mg/m2.det.

---

This undergraduate thesis explain about dissolve ammonia removal from synthetic wastewater through membrane contactor Super Hydrophobic. Based on Regulation of Minister of Environment Republic of Indonesia No. 51 of 1992 ammonia must be removed from wastewater because it is included in toxic compound that be dangerous in water ecosystem. The use of super hydrophobic membrane contactor as alternative technology has the ability the separation of a compound without direct contact and have better stability of fluid. This experiment is done with variety of feed pH : 10, 11 and 12using four types of absorbent different solution.

From the results of research known that super hydrophobic membrane contactor capable of separate ammonia by the efficiency separation research 100% at pH 12 and absorbent that provides the results of the best kind is a solution of sulphuric acid and the waters of the Ciater that given KL value 0,00036 Cm/s and fluks 2,7903 mg/m2.det."

"Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat membran selulosa asetat dengan teknik inversi fasa yang menggunakan 10 % (b/b) selulosa asetat, 10 % (b/b) formamida dan 80 % (b/b) aseton. Larutan cetak dikoagulasi dalam air atau 2-propanol pada berbagai temperatur antara 5 dan 25 oC. Membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan menentukan fluks air dan rejeksi terhadap larutan dekstran dengan berbagai massa molekul, sedangkan morfologi membran diamati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa membran yang dikoagulasi oleh 2-propanol lebih rapat dibandingkan dengan membran yang dikoagulasi dalam air, sehingga rejeksi terhadap dekstran meningkat dan fluks air menurun. Koagulasi pada temperatur yang lebih rendah menurunkan kecepatan difusi antara pelarut dan non-pelarut yang mengakibatkan terbentuknya struktur membran yang lebih rapat.

---

Effects of type and temperature of coagulant on the morphology and characteristics of cellulose acetate membranes. Cellulose acetate membranes have been made in this work by phase inversion method using 10 wt. % of cellulose acetate, 10 wt. % of formamide and 80 wt. % of acetone. The dope was coagulated in water or 2-propanol at varied temperature ranging between 5 and 25 oC. The characteristics of the obtained membranes were measured by their water flux and rejection towards dextrans with varied molecular mass, while membrane morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results showed that membranes coagulated in 2-propanol was denser than the ones coagulated in water resulting in higher rejection of dextrans and lower water permeability. Coagulation in lower temperatures decreased the diffusion rate between solvent and non-solvent and the membrane structure was less porous."

"Amonia yang berasal dari limbah dan terkandung dalam lingkungan perairan dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan merusak lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas kombinasi proses ozonasi dan membran terhadap penghilangan ammonia dari air limbah. Kelebihan kontaktor membran dibandingkan kontaktor konvensional seperti kolom absorber adalah luas permukaan kontaknya yang jauh lebih besar. Kelemahannya adalah adanya tahanan perpindahan massa tambahan di fasa membran selain di fasa cair, dibandingkan dengan kolom absorber konvensional yang hanya memiliki tahanan perpindahan di fasa cair. Penggunaan proses lanjutan dengan ozonasi merupakan suatu cara untuk meningkatkan pemisahan ammonia dari air limbah. Ada dua hal yang akan diteliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Studi perpindahan massa pemisahan ammonia dari air limbah melalui kontaktor membran serat berongga menggunakan pelarut bahan alam, dan dilanjutkan dengan proses ozonasi; dan (2) Studi hidrodinamika pelarut tersebut di dalam kontaktor membran serat berlubang dan ozonator.

---

Ammonia from waste contained in aquatic environment may lead human health and damage environment. This research analyzes the effectiveness of combination between ozonation and membrane process the removal of ammonia from wastewater. The advantages membrane contactors rather than conventional contactors such as column absorber is the surface of area contact much larger. The weakness is the presence of resistance in additional mass transfer in membrane phase based in the liquid phase, as compared with conventional absorber column that only has custody transfer in liquid phase. The use of advanced ozonation process is a way to improve the separation of ammonia from wastewater. Two things that will be examined in this research are: (1) Study of mass transfer in the separation of ammonia from wastewater through hollow fiber membrane contactors using a solvent of natural materials, continued with ozonation process; and (2) study the hydrodynamics of solvent in membrane contactors hollow fiber and ozonator. "

"Liposomes are used for drug carriers meaning that drugs are incorporated in the membrance or the vesicle of the liposomes. In this study, liposomes were prepared from mixed micelles, consisting of phosphatidylcholone, without or with cholesterol and sodium cholate was added in several ratios namely 0.44; 0.55; 0.63; 0.70; 0.90 and 1.10. After the preparation, the sodium cholate has been removed by a dialysis membrance, using the Hemoflow High Flux, which is generally used for haemodialysis. The Hemoflow High Flux is a tool an effort to obtain a simple, quick, effective method for removing sodium cholate in the process of preparing liposomes. The effectiveness of this tool was proved by the particle size of the liposome which was measured by the Malvern Particle Sizer. The particle size of the liposome consisting of phosphatidycholine (PC) without cholesterol and with cholesterol was 63-68 nm at all ratios andapproximately 125 nm at the ratio of 0.55; 0.63; 0.70, respectively. The particle size of the liposome tended to be smaller after dialyzing although the concentration of lipids tended to increase. However, a larger amount of buffer solution has to be used with this method."

"The isotherm adsorptions of Cu2+ ions in aqueous slutions by cross-linked chitosan-cellulose composite membranes were investigated...."

"Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia based on 2012 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey is 359 per 100,000 live births. Causes of the maternal mortalityare still dominated by bleeding, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and infections. One of causes of infections is premature rupture of membrane. Premature ruptureof membrane may increase morbidity and mortality among mothers and children. Incidence of premature rupture of membrane amount to 10% of all childbirths.This study aimed to analyze risk factors of premature rupture of membrane incidence at Mother and Child Hospital of ANNISA Citeureup, Bogor Districtin 2014. This study was analytical and used a case control design. The samples consisted of 114 mothers who suffered from premature rupture of membraneand control, 228 mothers who did not suffer from premature rupture of membrane. Results of this study showed that risk factors of premature rupture of membranewere age, parity and education. Based on multivariate analysis, education was the most dominant risk factor for premature rupture of membrane incidence.Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia berdasarkan Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 sebanyak 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Penyebabkematian ibu tersebut masih didominasi oleh pendarahan, pre-eklampsia/eklampsia, dan infeksi. Salah satu penyebab infeksi adalah ketuban pecah dini.Ketuban pecah dini dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada ibu dan anak. Insiden kejadian ketuban pecah dini sekitar 10% dari seluruh persalinan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian ketuban pecah dini di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak (RSIA) ANNISA Citeureup, KabupatenBogor tahun 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian kasus kontrol. Sampel terdiri dari 114 orang kasus ibu yang mengalamiketuban pecah dini dan kontrol sebanyak 228 ibu bersalin yang tidak mengalami ketuban pecah dini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor risiko terhadapkejadian ketuban pecah dini yaitu usia, paritas dan pendidikan. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, didapatkan faktor yang paling dominan berisiko terhadapkejadian ketuban pecah dini yaitu pendidikan."