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"The purpose of this study was to evaluate relapse on mandibular anterior teeth after orthodontic treatment using irregularity index. In total 44 subjects were included, 10 men and 34 woman, aged 15 to 37 years. All patients were Hawley retainers. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the values of irregularity index at the completion of orthodontic therapy (mean ii T2 = 0.57 mm) and in the retention periods (mean ii T3 = 2.36 mm). The changes of mandibular anterior teeth irregularity were in the minimal category for the majority of cases."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Periodontitis merupakan suatu penyakit inflamatori kronis pada jaringan periodonsium yang masih menjadi masalah besar dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Periodontitis dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan gingiva, ligamen periodontal, dan tulang alveolar yang progresif, yang secara klinis ditandai dengan adanya kehilangan perlekatan gingiva dan perubahan tinggi tulang alveolar, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu model periodontitis yang sederhana, terstandar, dan terkendali untuk pendekatan pencegahan dan terapi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Lipopolisakarida LPS terbukti dapat menginduksi terjadinya periodontitis secara terstandar. Tujuan: Membuat model kerusakan tulang alveolar periodontitis pada anterior mandibula tikus Wistar yang sederhana, terstandar, dan terkendali. Metode: Periodontitis diinduksi dengan injeksi LPS konsentrasi 200mg, 500mg, dan 750mg dalam 200ml larutan saline ke dalam gingiva mandibula tikus Wistar pada regio papilla interdental antara gigi insisif mandibula. Tikus Wistar dibunuh pada hari ketujuh, kemudian mandibula didiseksi dan jaringan lunak dipisahkan dari jaringan keras untuk dilakukan pengamatan dengan Stereomikroskop. Hasil: Kerusakan tulang terbesar terjadi pada injeksi LPS konsentrasi 200mg dalam 200ml larutan saline dengan rata-rata penurunan tinggi tulang yaitu 2,243mm. Kesimpulan: Injeksi LPS dengan konsentrasi 200mg dalam 200ml larutan saline pada jaringan periodontal regio anterior mandibula tikus Wistar dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tulang alveolar dan dapat menjadi acuan untuk pembuatan model periodontitis yang terstandar.

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ABSTRACTBackground Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that remains a major problem in the field of dentistry. Periodontitis can cause progressive destruction of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, which is clinically characterized by loss of gingival attachment and alveolar bone height reduction. Therefore, a simple, standardized, and controlled model of periodontitis is required for a preventive and therapeutic approach to overcome this problem. Lipopolysaccharide LPS has been shown to induce the occurrence of standardized periodontitis. Aim To create a model of alveolar bone destruction periodontitis in mandibular anterior region of Wistar rat which is simple, standardized, and controlled. Methods Periodontitis was induced by injection of 200 g, 500 g, and 750 g LPS in 200 l saline solution into mandibular gingiva of Wistar rat in the interdental papilla region between the mandibular incisors. Wistar rats were killed on the seventh day, then the mandible was dissected and the soft tissue was separated from the hard tissue for Stereomicroscopic observation. Results The highest bone loss occurred at injection of 200 g LPS in 200 l saline solution with an average height of bone loss is 2.243mm. Conclusion Injection of 200 g LPS in 200 l saline solution into the periodontal tissue of mandibular anterior of Wistar rat may cause alveolar bone destruction and may be used as a reference to make a standardized model of periodontitis."