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"This paper examines the impact of supply-demand balance in the labor market on the recent ongoing trend toward marriage avoidance in Japan, incorporatingreviews of previous studies. From a theoretical standpoint, declining income and wages could be seen either as encouraging or as discouraging marriage, but according to empirical analyses inprevious studies of Japanese marriage behavior, for men in particular regular employment with high earning potential appears to have the effect of encouraging marriage, and being hired as a regular employee immediately upon graduation appears correlated with younger marriage ages. For women, as well, some previous studies have found a positive correlation between being hired as a regular employee immediately upon graduation and getting married younger. It follows that the decline in hiring of young people as regular employees, as a result of economic stagnation, may be one of the causes of the recent trend toward marriage avoidance."

"This highly accessible book illustrates how policy makers can address and nurture the effects of growing ethnic diversity in European labor markets."

"Isu dampak bencana alam terhadap masyarakat telah lama berkembang di kalangan peneliti. Namun, pengetahuan terkait masalah ini masih sedikit, terutama dampak gempa bumi besar terhadap pasar tenaga kerja di negara berkembang. Menggunakan data panel selama tiga tahun dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) yang dikombinasikan dengan data bencana alam dari DesInventar dan United States Geological Survey (USGS), studi ini menemukan bahwa tidak hanya sektor konstruksi dan pertanian yang akan mendapatkan pertumbuhan upah setelah terjadi gempa bumi. Sementara itu pada saat yang sama, semua status pekerja akan terkena dampak bencana alam secara signifikan.

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The issue of the impact of natural disasters on the populations has long been developing among researchers, there is still little knowledge about this issue especially the effect of a big earthquake on labor markets in developing countries. Using three years of panel data from The National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) combines with natural disaster data from DesInventar the United States Geological Survey (USGS), this study found that not only the construction and agricultural sector will get a positive growth wage after the earthquake happen. At the same time, all status of employment significantly affected by the natural disaster."

"Isu dampak bencana alam terhadap masyarakat telah lama berkembang di kalangan peneliti. Namun, pengetahuan terkait masalah ini masih sedikit, terutama dampak gempa bumi besar terhadap pasar tenaga kerja di negara berkembang. Menggunakan data panel selama tiga tahun dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) yang dikombinasikan dengan data bencana alam dari DesInventar dan United States Geological Survey (USGS), studi ini menemukan bahwa tidak hanya sektor konstruksi dan pertanian yang akan mendapatkan pertumbuhan upah setelah terjadi gempa bumi. Sementara itu pada saat yang sama, semua status pekerja akan terkena dampak bencana alam secara signifikan.

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The issue of the impact of natural disasters on the populations has long been developing among researchers. However, there is still little knowledge about this issue especially the effect of a big earthquake on labor markets in developing countries. Using three years of panel data from The National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) combines with natural disaster data from DesInventar the United States Geological Survey (USGS), this study found that not only the construction and agricultural sector will get a positive growth wage after the earthquake happen. At the same time, all status of employment significantly affected by the natural disaster."

"While the number of occupations known as "professions" has increased, studies in economics have not secured a grasp of old and new professions within the same context. One reason is that they do not view certain occupations in terms of the concept of "profession" as an ideal type. This study reconsiders many aspects of professions and extracts the most notable features that characterize an occupation as a profession. The most crucial characteristic of an ideal profession type is a codified body of knowledge. A profession needs to be socially accepted as being highly developed and not substitutable. In addition, the occupational function of a profession involves urgency and indispensability, and the profession must be at the vertex of its field while using a common body of knowledge. In categorizing modern professionals based on these criteria, we arrived at five types: established professions, new professions, semi-professions (A), semi-professions (B), and skilled workers and experts."