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"This book examines Japan's policies in Korea from 1910 to 1945. A nuanced view of japan's rule in Korea is achieved by juxtaposing it to the European's record in Asia and Africa. It also highlights various ways that Japan's colonial interlude contributed to South Korea's postwar industrialisation."

"Research has been carried out to know the effect of irradition and storage on total bacteria of patin sausage."

"Karies gigi pada anak merupakan masalah kesehatan penting yang diderita lebih dari 89,16% anak Indonesia.Tingginya konsumsi makanan manis dan rendahnya kebiasaan menyikat gigi pada anak meningkatkan resiko terjadinya karies. Pada periode gigi campur (7-11 tahun) tetiadi peningkatan karies gigi. Karies daiam rongga mulut memberikan lingkungan yang baik bagi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme tennasuk Candida. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies dan jumlah koloni Candida da1am rongga mulut anak non karies dan karies pada usia 7-11 tahun. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut telah dikumpulkan 112 sampel kumuran.Penentuan derajat karies dilakukan berdasarkan criteria WHO. Penentuan jumlah koloni dan keragaman spesies Candida dilakukan dengan menanam sampel pada agar sabouraud deslctrosa. agar kromogenik, agar staib, agar tajin dan uji asimilasi. Prevalensi karies penelitian ini sebesar 84,8 %, tetdiri atas karies ringan (41,1%), karles sedang (33,9%) dan karies berat (9 8%}, sisanya 15.2 % tanpa kartes. Selanjutnya, didapatkan prevalensi Candida dalam rongga mulut adalah 68,7%. Keragaman Candida pada anak non karies dan dengan karies didominasi oleh Candida albicans, diikuti Candida non C.albicans. Antara keragaman spesies dengan derajat karies tidak terdapat hubungan bennakaa (p?:0,05). Semakin tinggi derajat karies jumlah koloni Candida yang tllmbuh semakin banyak (p.::£0,05) namun jumlah koloni Candida menurun seiring dengan pertambahan usia (p:S0,05).

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Dental caries in children is a major public health problem. The prevalence of caries among children in Indonesia is around 89,16 %. The high preva1ence of caries is related to the high consumption of sugar and low prevalence of tooth brushing habit. The high prevalence of caries is also related with mixed dentistry period (7-11 years old). Dental caries accommodates the life of microorganisms including Candida. The aim of this study is to know the species variety of Candida in the oral cavity of children with caries and non caries in mixed dentistry period. Oral rinse from 112 children was collected and the type of caries was done based on WHO criteria. The species and its variety. colony forming unit, were detennined by plating the sampJes on Sabouraud dextrose agar and chromogenic media. The identification until species level was conducted by chromogenic media, and in continue with staib agar. rice cream-tween 80 and assimilation test {API AUX Bio Merieux: Prancis) if any doubtful result. The prevalence of caries in study is 84,8 o/o, consisted of light caries (41,1%), moderate caries (33,9%) and severe is 9,8%, while 15,2 % without caries. Moreover. the prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity is 68,7%.and the species identified mostly Candida albicans both in children with and without caries., followed by Candida non C. albicans. The relation between the variety of Candida species and the type of caries is not statistically significant (p?:0,05). The severe the caries the higher colony forming unit (p .05), but decreasing in older children of more than I0 years old (p,05)."

"[Latar belakang. Infeksi terkait perawatan di rumah sakit, dalam hal ini InfeksiAliran Darah (IAD), merupakan masalah serius yang masih sering di jumpai.Salah satu pengendalian infeksi terkait aliran darah, seperti tehnik antiseptik untukprosedur invasif dan perawatan pada konektor memerlukan antiseptik. Pemilihanjenis antiseptik pada perawatan konektor telah banyak diketahui, penelitian inimembandingkan jenis antiseptik yang dipergunakan pada konektor infus.Tujuan. Mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas CHG 2% IPA (AC swab) dan alkohol70% (BD alcohol swab) pada konektor dalam menurunkan jumlah kolonisasibakteri .Metoda. Penelitian cross sectional pada bayi yang dirawat juni 2015 sampai juli2015 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo unit Neonatal Jakarta. Subyek dipilihsecara simple random sampling.Hasil. Dari 60 subyek didapatkan 30 CHG 2% IPA dan 30 alkohol 70%,dilakukan scrub konektor pada kedua kelompok didapatkan hasil persentasepenurunan jumlah kolonisasi bakteri yang berbeda bermakna (t test, p = 0,038),uji kolonisasi bakteri sesudah 20 detik scrub antiseptik antara kedua kelompokantiseptik dengan p-value= 0,49 (uji Fisher?s Exact) serta uji kolonisasi bakteri 30detik dan 6 Jam setelah scrub antiseptik CHG 2% IPA (t test, p = 0,28) hasilkedua uji teraebut tidak berbeda bermaknaSimpulan. CHG 2% IPA lebih efektif dalam menurunkan jumlah koloni bakteri pada konektor infus dibandingkan dengan alkohol 70%.;Background. Blood stream infection (BSI), is a serious problem that is oftenencountered. One of the BSI control is such as antiseptic techniques for invasiveprocedures and treatments on the connector requires the type of antiseptic.Selection of types of antiseptics in the treatment of connectors have a lot weknow, this study compared the kind of antiseptic used in connector infusion.Objectives. To compare the effectiveness CHG 2 % IPA (AC swab) and 70%alcohol (BD alcohol swab) as antiseptic for reducing the number of bacterial forthe hub.Methods. A cross sectional study from of infants who had hospitalized from Juni2015 until Juli 2015 in Neonatal Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Subjects was selected by simple random sampling.Results. There were 60 subjects obtained 30 CHG2 % IPA and 30 alcohol 70 %,after the scrub connectors in both groups showed a percentage decrease in thenumber of bacterial colonization are significantly different (t test, p = 0.038), p=0,49 (Fisher?s Exact test) after scrub 20 second antiseptic for both groups and 30seconds and 6 hours 2 % CHG IPA after antiseptic scrub t test, p = 0.28 both testresults are not significantly different.Conclusions. 2 % CHG IPA is more effective in reducing the number of colonies bacterial compared with 70% alcohol., Background. Blood stream infection (BSI), is a serious problem that is oftenencountered. One of the BSI control is such as antiseptic techniques for invasiveprocedures and treatments on the connector requires the type of antiseptic.Selection of types of antiseptics in the treatment of connectors have a lot weknow, this study compared the kind of antiseptic used in connector infusion.Objectives. To compare the effectiveness CHG 2 % IPA (AC swab) and 70%alcohol (BD alcohol swab) as antiseptic for reducing the number of bacterial forthe hub.Methods. A cross sectional study from of infants who had hospitalized from Juni2015 until Juli 2015 in Neonatal Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Subjects was selected by simple random sampling.Results. There were 60 subjects obtained 30 CHG2 % IPA and 30 alcohol 70 %,after the scrub connectors in both groups showed a percentage decrease in thenumber of bacterial colonization are significantly different (t test, p = 0.038), p=0,49 (Fisher’s Exact test) after scrub 20 second antiseptic for both groups and 30seconds and 6 hours 2 % CHG IPA after antiseptic scrub t test, p = 0.28 both testresults are not significantly different.Conclusions. 2 % CHG IPA is more effective in reducing the number of colonies bacterial compared with 70% alcohol.]"

"Perbandingan Tindakan Keperawatan Oral Care menggunakan Povidone-iodine 1% dengan Chlorhexidine 0.2% Terhadap Jumlah Bakteri di Mulut Klien Penurunan Kesadaran di Pelayanan Kesehatan Sint Carolus Jakarta Oral care klien penurunan tingkat kesadaran tidak boleh diabaikan dan membutuhkan antiseptik oral yang mempunyai sifat antibakteri (Timby, 2009). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol, pre dan post test untuk mengidentifikasi perbandingkan povidone iodine 1% dengan chlorhexidine 0.2% terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri di mulut klien penurunan kesadaran.Hasil penelitian pada 30 responden yang diambil secara consecutive sampling dibagi tiga kelompok. Didapatkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri sebelum dan setelah oral care pada povidone iodine (p=0.007), chlorhexidine (p=0.001) dan air (p=0.001). Perbandingan selisih jumlah bakteri povidone iodine 1% dengan chlorhexidine 0.2% tidak signifikan (p=0,343). Disimpulkan chlorhexidine 0.2% , povidone iodine 1% dan air minum masing-masing mempunyai kemampuan yang signifikan menurunkan koloni bakteri dan dapat digunakan sebagai pembilas oral care. Disarankan secara ekonomis air minum digunakan dalam oral care apabila klien penurunan kesadaran tidak mengalami infeksi mulut, dan chlorhexidine 0.2% atau povidone iodine 1% digunakan bila ada infeksi mulut.

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The oral care of unconscious patient should not be ignored and requires the oral antiseptics that have antibacterial properties (Timby, 2009). This research was quantitative research study with quasi experimental design with control groups, using pre-post test design the study was aimed to compere the amount of bacteria colonies after povidone iodine 1% and chlorhexidine 0.2% on the patient with disturbance of consciousness level. Using consecutive sampling technique, 30 eligible respondences were devided into three group.The results of this study identifided that t - test of pre-post test of povidone iodine with p= 0.007, chlorhexidine with p=0.001 and water oral care with p=0.001. Mean while there was no significan different betwent povidone iodine with chlorhexidine with p value 0,343. Concluded chlorhexidine0.2%, povidone iodine 1% and water each has a significant ability to reduce colonies of bacteria and can be used as an oral care. Economically advisable to the water used in oral care if clients do not experience a decrease awareness of oral infections, and chlorhexidine 0.2% or povidone iodine 1% is used when there is infection of the mouth."

"Pemukiman karyawan Perusahaan X yang sejak awal digunakan pada tahun 2009 telahmemunculkan banyak keluhan dari penghuni tentang buruknya kualitas udara di dalamruangan Keluhan tersebut berupa udara kamar yang lembab bau apek dan munculnyakapang pada mebel dan barang barang pribadi penghuni Tujuan utama penelitian iniadalah untuk menganalisa masalah utama buruknya kualitas udara dalam pemukimankaryawan Perusahaan X yang berhubungan dengan kontaminasi kapang danmengevaluasi metoda pengendalian yang digunakan Tujuan khususnya adalahmenganalisis hubungan antara kontaminasi kapang dengan parameter IAQ lainnyaseperti kelembaban relatif suhu pencahayaan laju ventilasi kadar debu kadar gaskarbon dioksida dan termasuk karakteristik ruangan atau lokasi pengambilan sampel Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei Juni 2014 Desain studi yang digunakan adalahcross sectional dengan total sample 48 sample kamar dengan 10 parameter IAQterukur dan analisis menggunakan model bivariat hingga multivariat.Hasil penelitianmenunjukan bahwa rata rata jumlah koloni kapang pada kamar di pemukiman karyawandalam kategori kontaminasi tinggi 731 CFU m3 Kelembaban relative terukur cukup tinggi rata rata 84 4 RH dimana variabel ini memeiliki hubungan yang signifikandengan jumlah koloni kapang dengan nilai p 0 0001 Variabel lain yang memilikihubungan bermakna dengan jumlah koloni kapang adalah suhu basah wet bulbtemperature dengan nilai p 0 041 dan kadar gas karbon dioksida dengan nilai p 0 002 Permasalahan IAQ diatasi dengan kombinasi beberapa tindakan sepertimembatasi kontaminasi kapang dari udara luar kamar mengendalikan tingkatkelembaban relatif hingga level yang direkomendasikan Penggunaan outdoordehumidifier penggunaan filter memperbaiki sistem ventilasi merupakan beberapadiantara solusi enjinering bisa diterapkan untuk menurunkan tingkat kelembaban relatifdan membatasi kontaminasi kapang.

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Dormitory building was built to accommodate Company rsquo s employees during theironduty schedule Since the first time building was occupied numbers of complaintswere raised by the occupants The complaints related to poor indoor air quality such ashumid air musty odor visible mold on furnitures and other personal properties Theobjective of this research was to analyse main problem of poor indoor air quality in thedormitory in particular mold contamination and to evaluate control methods that wereused by Company to overcome the issue The specific objectives were to analysecorrelation between mold contamination number of mold colony and other IAQparameters such as relative humidity temperature illumination air velocity dustconcentration carbon dioxide level and room charactristics The research wasperformed in May to June 2014 Cross sectional is the study design that was used for theresearch with 48 room samples and 10 parameters of IAQ were measured and bivariateand multivariate model were used to analyse the data gathered.Result shown that theaverage mold colony in the dormitory rooms was within high concentration range 731CFU m3 Relative humidity was very high 84 4 RH average and it was confirmedhas significant direct relation with amount of mold colony with p value 0 0001 Othervariables that have significant direct relation were wet bulb temperature with p value0 041 dan carbon monoxide with p value 0 002 IAQ problems can be fixed bycombining methods of limiting mold contamination from outside and controllingrelative humidity level into the recommended range The uses of outdoor dehumidifier air filter ventilation system improvement are several engineering solutions that can beapplied to reduce relative humidity level and limit mold contamination."