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"Sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin isu-isu non-konvensional mulai mendapat perhatian lebih dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya, salah satunya isu HIV/AIDS. Kasus infeksi terparah terdapat di benua Afrika. Benua Afrika memiliki 63% kasus human immunodefiency virus (HIV)/AIDS dari keseluruhan kasus HIV/AIDS secara global, dengan hanya memiliki 10% dari penduduk dunia secara keseluruhan. Masalah kesehatan diperburuk dengan memprihatinkannya kondisi ekonomi di Afrika, dimana sekitar 80% negara-negara Afrika digolongkan ke dalam negara berpenghasilan rendah (low income countries) dengan pendapatan per kapita kurang dari US$ 2,400 per tahun.Hal tersebutlah yang mendorong hadirnya berbagai jenis bantuan ke Afrika. Amerika Serikat melalui USAID memberikan grant kepada Kenya. Kenya, sebuah negara di kawasan timur Afrika dimana setiap jamnya 16 nyawa terenggut karena HIV/AIDS, tidak luput dari perhatian Amerika Serikat. 14% dari penduduk Kenya usia produktif (15 - 49tahun) menderita HIV positif.Peran serta Amerika Serikat melalui USAID dalam membantu Afrika, kemudian mengalami perubahan ketika Amerika Serikat melalui Presiden George W. Bush mengeluarkan kembali Mexico City Policy atau yang sering disebut sebagai Global Gag Rule pada tanggal 22 Januari 2001. Ketika peran USAID yang besar terganggu dengan putusnya bantuan dana dari USAID kepada NGOs yang bekerja di Afrika dengan pelaksanaan Global Gag Rule, maka dengan sendirinya kebijakan tersebut berpengaruh pada usaha NGOs untuk melawan HIV/AIDS.

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In the post Cold War era, non-conventional issues became more highlighted then before, HIV/AIDS issue is one of them. Africa has 63% human immunodefiency virus (HIV)/AIDS cases globally, with only 10% of the world's citizens. The health problem is worsen with Africa's economic situation, 80% of African countries are low income countries with US$2,400 per person annually.That is the main reason of aid to Africa. United States of America trough USAID gave grant to Kenya. Kenya, a country in east Africa where there are 16 lives taken because of HIV/AIDS, is one of USAID?s focus. 14% of Kenya?s citizens (15 - 49 years old) are HIV positive. The illegal abortion rate is high among Kenyan women from all ages, economic background, and cultural background. Besides that Kenya is the first African country who issued policies on population and family plannung, which started in 1967.America's role trough USAID in helping Kenya changed when United States of America in Bush?s administration reinitiate Mexico City Policy or Global Gag Rule on 22nd January 2001. When the role of USAID is bugged with the cut of funding from USAID to NGOs, automatically it will influence NGOs actions in helping Africa?s health problems. On that note, the fight againts HIV/AIDS is taking it's toll."

"Colonialism had interfered the life of human being over the world since the early of nineteen century. It had great influences in the post colonialism era, the era in which elites of the former colonized nation behave and think as their former colonizer. Consequently while the behavior and thought were implemented in the society, there would be various questions addressed to them. People in the postcolonial nation often considered the pattern of governance in a new society as a new practicing imperialism. This research envisage the phenomenon depicted in novel A Grain of Wheat and Weep Not, Child written by Ngugi Wa Thiong'O. He is a Kenyan writer. Most of his works are dealing with situation created by postcolonial society that often imitated colonialist's thought, behavior, and mentality. The situation of society as well as the people after colonialism era is degraded. Each of them attempts to set their inner life free from situation, but it does not succeed due to the chaotic circumstances in the society. Problematic character is a representation of individual in society, therefore the prominent discussion in this research is dealing with the degraded society in the works that affected such demoniacal character."

"Kenya’s tea industry depends predominantly on imported NPK fertilizers to replenish nutrients removed through plucking. In this respect, two blended fertilizers containing NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg and NPKS 23:5:5:4+10Ca+3Mg with trace elements have been produced in the country. However, contribution of the blended fertilizers to optimal tea yields had not been determined. The study aimed to evaluate the optimal levels of the two blended fertilizers on tea grown in the highlands of Kenya. The blended fertilizers were evaluated in two sites, i.e. Timbilil estate in Kericho and Kagochi farm in Nyeri. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two blended fertilizers and the standard NPK 26:5:5 as a control. The treatments were applied at four fertilizer rates (0-control, 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1), with three replications. The results showed that application of 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1 blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg in Timbilil produced mean yield of 2,995 kg Mt ha-1 compared with 3,099 kg Mt ha-1 from the standard NPK. In Kagochi, the highest yield was 1,975 kg Mt ha-1 obtained from the application of the same blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg at 75 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The highest yields in both sites were obtained during a warm-dry season except in 2015-2016. This study concluded that based on the annual and seasonal yields, the two blended fertilizers and the standard type had the same effectiveness, irrespective of clones and sites. However, the fertilizer rates affected the tea yield."