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"This study aims to know what factors cause poverty and does poverty occur simply because of human faulths?...."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang kekerasan struktural yang dialami oleh lansia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melihat adanya kerentanan sosial yang dialami oleh lansia sebagai hasil dari konstruksi sosial yang merendahkan tentang lansia yang terbentuk di dalam struktur masyarakat. Selain konstruksi sosial yang merendahkan, kemiskinan yang dialami oleh lansia semakin memberikan resiko kerentanan yang lebih untuk lansia mengalami berbagai perlakuan yang merugikan dan menderitakan yaitu, eksklusi sosial dan perlakuan salah atau elder abuse. Hal ini mengakibatkan lansia kehilangan beberapa hak dasar kemanusiannya yang dimaknai sebagai kekerasan struktural. Lansia penghuni panti werdha di Bekasi yang mengalami kekerasan struktural menjadi subyek penelitian, yang pengalamannya didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam tidak terstruktur dan observasi partisipasi digunakan sebagai data untuk menganalisis dalam penelitian ini. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kritis untuk melihat bagaimana kekerasan strukural yang dialami oleh lansia penghuni panti werdha di Bekasi sebagai hasil dari konstruksi sosial yang merendahkan tentang lansia.

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ABSTRACTThis research discusses about structural violence experienced by the elderly. This research sees the social vulnerability experienced by the elderly as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly which is formed in the society structure. In addition the poverty experienced by the elderly, also increasingly provides more risk of vulnerability for them thus experiencing various treatments that are harmful and sufferable include, the social exclusion and elder abuse. This matter results in some losses of their human rights which is interpreted as a structural violence. The elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi experiencing structural violence are the subject of this research, which their experience were obtained through in-depth unstructured interviews and the observation of participation applied to analyze in this research. Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the structural violence experienced by the elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly.;AbstractThis research discusses about structural violence experienced by the elderly This research sees the social vulnerability experienced by the elderly as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly which is formed in the society structure In addition the poverty experienced by the elderly also increasingly provides more risk of vulnerability for them thus experiencing various treatments that are harmful and sufferable include the social exclusion and elder abuse This matter results in some losses of their human rights which is interpreted as a structural violence The elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi experiencing structural violence are the subject of this research which their experience were obtained through in depth unstructured interviews and the observation of participation applied to analyze in this research Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the structural violence experienced by the elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly Key words Structural Violence Elderly Social Construction Poverty Social Exclusion Elder Abuse ;AbstractThis research discusses about structural violence experienced by the elderly This research sees the social vulnerability experienced by the elderly as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly which is formed in the society structure In addition the poverty experienced by the elderly also increasingly provides more risk of vulnerability for them thus experiencing various treatments that are harmful and sufferable include the social exclusion and elder abuse This matter results in some losses of their human rights which is interpreted as a structural violence The elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi experiencing structural violence are the subject of this research which their experience were obtained through in depth unstructured interviews and the observation of participation applied to analyze in this research Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the structural violence experienced by the elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly Key words Structural Violence Elderly Social Construction Poverty Social Exclusion Elder Abuse ;AbstractThis research discusses about structural violence experienced by the elderly This research sees the social vulnerability experienced by the elderly as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly which is formed in the society structure In addition the poverty experienced by the elderly also increasingly provides more risk of vulnerability for them thus experiencing various treatments that are harmful and sufferable include the social exclusion and elder abuse This matter results in some losses of their human rights which is interpreted as a structural violence The elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi experiencing structural violence are the subject of this research which their experience were obtained through in depth unstructured interviews and the observation of participation applied to analyze in this research Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the structural violence experienced by the elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly Key words Structural Violence Elderly Social Construction Poverty Social Exclusion Elder Abuse , AbstractThis research discusses about structural violence experienced by the elderly This research sees the social vulnerability experienced by the elderly as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly which is formed in the society structure In addition the poverty experienced by the elderly also increasingly provides more risk of vulnerability for them thus experiencing various treatments that are harmful and sufferable include the social exclusion and elder abuse This matter results in some losses of their human rights which is interpreted as a structural violence The elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi experiencing structural violence are the subject of this research which their experience were obtained through in depth unstructured interviews and the observation of participation applied to analyze in this research Critical approach had been applied for viewing how the structural violence experienced by the elderly residents of elderly nursing home in Bekasi as a result of the social construction degrading on elderly Key words Structural Violence Elderly Social Construction Poverty Social Exclusion Elder Abuse ]"

"Penelitian ini mengkaji kekerasan struktural yang terjadi pada anak-anak rohingya tanpa kewarganegaraan. Peneliti mengkaji kasus anak-anak pengungsi rohingya yang ada di Wisma YPAP Medan, Indonesia. Konsep kekerasan struktural dan teori kriminologi konstitutif digunakan sebagai perspektif dalam mengkaji permasalahan ini. Untuk memahami kekerasan struktural yang dialami oleh anak-anak pengungsi Rohingya, peneliti melakukan sebuah penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi dengan anak-anak pengungsi Rohingya di community housing Wisma YPAP Medan. Untuk mendapatkan data yang komprehensif, peneliti turut melibatkan orang tua, lembaga supra-negara, pemerintah Indonesia, serta masyarakat sekitar dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketiadaan kewarganegaraan pada anak-anak rohingya merupakan sebuah bentuk kekerasan struktural yang memisahkan jarak antara potensi anak dengan situasi riil yang dialami anak saat ini. Kekerasan struktural ini dilakukan oleh berbagai agen dalam kehidupan anak dalam berbagai bentuk, yaitu pembersihan etnis, hate crime, kriminalisasi migrasi, dan tidak terpenuhinya hak anak-anak rohingya yang tidak berkewarganegaraan.Penelitian ini mengkaji kekerasan struktural yang terjadi pada anak-anak rohingya tanpa kewarganegaraan.

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This study discuss structural violence happened to stateless rohingyan children. The case of rohingyan child refugees in Wisma YPAP Medan had been researched using structural violence concept and constitutive criminology theory. Research with qualitative method was done to understand the situation of structural violence towards rohingyan children in Wisma YPAP Medan. Parents, supra-state actor, Indonesian government, and the community also involved in this research to get a comprehensive data. The research shows that statelessness in rohingyan children is a form of structural violence that creates a gap between potential and real situation of rohingyan children. This structural violence was done by many agents in the course of their lives, and happen in many forms, as recognized in this research, ethnic cleansing, hate crime, criminalization of migration, and unfulfilled rights of rohingyan stateless children."

"ABSTRAKPenulisan ini dibuat untuk menjelaskan pentingnya dekriminalisasi terhadap anak yang hidup di jalanan dengan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Anak yang hidup di jalanan dengan penyalahgunaan narkotika adalah korban berbagai bentuk kekerasan, dimulai dari kekerasan di dalam rumah dan kemiskinan anak. Ketika anak hidup di jalanan maka anak-anak tersebut akan rentan terhadap bentukbentuk kekerasan di jalanan, terutama dilibatkan dalam penyalahgunaan narkotika. Anak yang hidup di jalanan dengan penyalahgunaan narkotika juga akan rentan untuk dikriminalisasi sehingga dalam hal ini dekriminalisasi menjadi penting untuk dilaksanakan. Dekriminalisasi dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan costitutive criminology dan peacemaking criminology. Perubahan kebijakan dan program-program menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis diperlukan untuk mencegah anak yang hidup di jalanan dengan penyalahgunaan narkotika sebagai pelaku kejahatan.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis explains the importance of decriminalization on street children with drug abuse. Street children are victims of various forms of violence, from domestic violence and poverty. When the children live on the street, they are vulnerable from various forms of violence especially, one of which is being involved in drug abuse. They also will be vulnerable to be criminalized. Therefore, it will be important to decriminalize them. It is done using constitutive criminology and peacemaking criminology approach. The change of policies and programs using sociological approach is needed to prevent those children to be defined as offenders."

"Fenomena perbudakan modern yang dialami anak buah kapal Indonesia sudah berulang kali terjadi. Kondisi ini terjadi karena kemiskinan yang dialami anak buah kapal Indonesia dan kebijakan yang menihilkan aspek pelindungan. Keadaan ini memunculkan kerentanan pada anak buah kapal Indonesia yang dimanfaatkan oleh agen penyalur untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kekerasan struktural sebagai penyebab terjadinya perbudakan modern yang dialami anak buah kapal. Kekerasan struktural dipilih sebagai teori yang didefinisikan sebagai bentuk kekerasan dimana suatu struktur sosial atau lembaga sosial dapat merugikan orang dengan mencegah mereka memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan hak-hak dasar. Penelitian ini, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan studi kasus terhadap perbudakan yang dialami anak buah kapal Long Xing 629 dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder, yang diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pelaksana kebijakan dan pengambilan data sekunder melalui artikel tersebar di internet. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa perbudakan modern yang dialami anak buah kapal Long Xing 629 disebabkan oleh kekerasan struktural. Negara yang gagal menjalankan perannya dalam memberikan penghidupan yang layak untuk anak buah kapal indonesia. Negara juga abai terhadap kondisi anak buah kapal Long Xing 629 dengan tidak menyediakan kebijakan yang memberikan pelindungan. Anak buah kapal Long Xing 629 akhirnya terjebak dalam struktur perbudakan modern.

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The phenomenon of modern slavery experienced by Indonesian migrant fishermen has occurred repeatedly. This can occur because of the poverty experienced by Indonesian migrant fishermen and policies that mutually nullify aspects of protection. This situation raises the vulnerability of Indonesian migrant fishermen who are utilized by manning agencies for profit. This paper aims to look at how structural violence as a cause of modern slavery experienced by Indonesian migrant fishermen. Structural violence was chosen as the theory defined as a form of violence where a social structure or social institution can harm people by preventing them from fulfilling their basic needs and rights. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting a case study of the modern slavery experienced by Indonesian migrant fishermen of the Long Xing 629 by using primary and secondary data, obtained through semi-structured interviews with policy implementers and secondary data via articles from the internet. The analysis shows that modern slavery experienced by Indonesian migrant fishermen of the Long Xing 629 is caused by structural violence. The state failed to fulfill its role in providing a decent livelihood for Indonesian migrant fishermen of the Long Xing 629. The state also ignores the conditions of Indonesian migrant fishermen of the Long Xing 629 by not providing policies that provide protection. Indonesian migrant fishermen of the Long Xing 629 ended up trapped in the structure of modern slavery."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini menjelaskan fenomena pemenuhan hak korban human trafficking untuk tujuan perbudakan yang dialami oleh ABK PT. Kwojeng dengan menggunakan pendekatan kekerasan struktural dan kriminologi kesejahteraan. Sebanyak 163 ABK asal Indonesia telah diperdagangkan sebagai budak oleh PT. Kartigo untuk dipekerjakan pada kapal-kapal PT. Kwojeng. Negara mempunyai kewajiban untuk melakukan ganti rugi terhadap ABK dengan memenuhi hak korban ABK yang telah mengalami kejahatan perbudakan yang sangat tidak manusiawi. Data yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah wawancara mendalam dengan korban dan staff LPSK yang menangani kasus ini, serta putusan sidang kasus ini. Temuan dalam tulisan ini adalah bahwa negara mengabaikan hak korban ABK yang disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor struktural, seperti aturan yang tidak memihak kepada korban, tidak ada konseling hukum, dan faktor-faktor lainnya. Saran dalam tulisan ini adalah untuk merubah regulasi hak korban, seperti jaminan untuk mendapatkan restitusi dan kompensasi bagi korban.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses the fulfillment of Kwojeng.Co ships crew using structural violence and welfare criminology as perspective. In 2012, Kartigo. Co sold 163 people to Kwojeng. Co to be used as slaves in ships. State must repay the victimization felt by victims by providing restitution and compensation. The data used in this thesis is consist of interview with one of the victims, and victim support officer. Other data involved is trial document. The conclusion of this thesis is the state is ignoring the fullfillment of kwojeng Co victims right because of the structural factors, such as regulations, not providing assistance, and by making a false restitution scheme. This thesis also contains feedback for the state to repair their restitution scheme and to focus more on making a better welfare system."

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Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana kekerasan struktural terhadap anak dengan HIV/AIDS dapat terbentuk. Kekerasan struktural tersebut terbentuk melibatkan konstruksi sosial, moral panic, stigma dan diskriminasi terhadap anak dengan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara terhadap anak dampingan LAP dan keluarganya yang kemudian dikaji dengan kriminologi konstitutif. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa subyek mendapatkan diskriminasi akibat stigma dan konstruksi negatif terkait pengetahuan yang sebenarnya salah mengenai penularan virus HIV. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa perlunya untuk melakukan dekonstruksi dan rekonstruksi terhadap HIV/AIDS untuk menghancurkan kekerasan struktural yang terjadi pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis discuss about how structural violence against child living with HIV AIDS can be formed. Structural violence can be formed involving social construction, moral panic, stigma, and discrimination against suffering HIV AIDS children. This research being done with method of interview to the accompanied by LAP children and their family, then reviewed with constitutive criminology. The output of this research is that the subject gets discrimination by the results of negative construction and stigma related to the knowledge that is actually wrong about the infection of HIV. The result of this research shows that the importance of deconstruction and reconstruction against HIV AIDS to destruct structural violence happened to child living with HIV AIDS."

"Karya akhir ini membahas tentang pengalaman Mary Jane Veloso, seorang perempuan buruh migran yang menjadi korban atas dominasi struktur patriarki yang mengakibatkan ia mengalami kriminalisasi dan viktimisasi berlapis. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi dokumen, penulisan ini menganalisis kerentanan Mary Jane Veloso menjadi perempuan korban perdagangan manusia yang dieksploitasi sebagai kurir narkotika lalu dikriminalisasi oleh sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia. Hasil analisis dalam tulisan ini yang menggunakan teori kriminologi feminis dan feminist legal theory mengungkapkan bahwa struktur patriarki memengaruhi subordinasi pada perempuan dan memengaruhi praktik peradilan pidana. Dalam penulisan ini, dominasi patriarki membuat perempuan rentan menjadi sasaran kejahatan perdagangan manusia yang dieksploitasi melakukan tindakan pelanggaran hukum yang kemudian mengalami kriminalisasi akibat praktik hukum yang maskulin meminggirkan pengalaman perempuan korban. Pada akhirnya, penulisan ini menemukan bahwa kriminalisasi dan viktimisasi berlapis yang terjadi pada Mary Jane Veloso adalah sebuah bentuk kekerasan struktural.

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This final work discusses about the experience of Mary Jane Veloso, a female migrant worker who became a victim of patriarchal structure domination which resulted in her criminalization and multiple victimization. By using document content analysis method, this writing analyses court decision documents and institutional reports to see Mary Jane Veloso's vulnerabilities as a woman trafficking victim who was exploited as a drug courier and then criminalized by the Indonesian criminal justice system. The analysis result in this writing which uses the radical feminist criminology theory and feminist legal theory reveals that the patriarchal structure influences the subordination of women and affects the practice of criminal justice. In this writing, patriarchal domination makes a woman vulnerable to be a target of human trafficking who is exploited to commit an offense which is then criminalized due to masculine legal practices that marginalize the experiences of a woman victim. In the end, this writing finds that the criminalization and multiple victimization that occurred to Mary Jane Veloso are a form of structural violence."

"Penelitian-penelitian mengenai kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan shelter perempuan korban kekerasan telah banyak dilakukan, terutama dalam menggunakan perspektif antropologi. Dalam antropologi, kekerasan berbasis gender atau kekerasan terhadap perempuan masih dianggap memiliki cakupan yang luas, karena penderitaan perempuan yang diakibatkan oleh faktor sosial dan budaya yang terjadi di masing-masing masyarakat. Ini kemudian berdampak juga kepada isu shelter perempuan korban kekerasan, dimana terdapat cakupan luas antara frontliner dan shelter dimana diakibatkan oleh kebijakan-kebijakan yang berakar dari faktor sosial dan budaya yang sama di dalam masing-masing masyarakat. Ini menyebabkan batasan antara kekerasan, korban, frontliner, dan shelter mengalami pemudaran. Pada skripsi ini, penulis akan menyajikan bibliografi beranotasi dari tulisan-tulisan mengenai kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan shelter perempuan korban kekerasan. Penulis akan melihat dan mengkategorisasi tema-tema yang muncul di dalam tulisan-tulisan tersebut untuk memahami bagaimana isu kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan shelter untuk perempuan korban kekerasan dikaji dari perspektif antropologi.

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Much research on violence against women and shelters for women victims of violence have been carried out, especially using an anthropological perspective. In anthropology, gender-based violence or violence against women is still considered to have a broad scope, because of the suffering of women caused by social and cultural factors that occur in each society. This then has an impact on the issue of shelters for women victims of violence, where there is wide coverage between frontliners and shelters which is caused by policies rooted in the same social and cultural factors in each community. This causes the boundaries between violence, victims, frontliners, and shelters to be blurred. In this thesis, the author will present an annotated bibliography of writings on violence against women and shelters for women victims of violence. The author will look at and categorize the themes that appear in these writings to understand how the issue of violence against women and shelter for women victims of violence are studied from an anthropological perspective."