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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian minuman karbohidrat berkafein (MKK) lebih baik dibanding minuman isotonik (MI) terhadap status hidrasi dengan indikator osmolalitas urin, berat jenis urin, warna urin, berat badan dan rasa haus selama empat jam masa pemulihan setelah lari jarak jauh 10.000 m. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental dengan desain paralel, acak, tersamar tunggal. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 20 pelari jarak jauh laki-laki dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok MKK (n=10) dan kelompok MI (n=10). Selama empat jam masa pemulihan setelah lari 10.000 m masing–masing kelompok mendapat MKK/MI sebanyak 2000 mL dan air putih 330 ml. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada osmolalitas urin, berat jenis urin, warna urin, berat badan dan rasa haus di antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa pemberian MKK sama baiknya dengan MI dalam mempertahankan status hidrasi pada masa pemulihan setelah olahraga.

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The aim of this study is to verify the effect of caffeinated-carbohydrate drink compared with isotonic drink on hydration status using indicator urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, body weight changes and thirst during four hours recovery period after 10.000 m run. The study design was randomized, controlled, single-blinded, clinical trial. Twenty male distance runners who participated as subjects in this study were divided into two groups, caffeinated-carbohydrate group (n=10) and isotonic group (n=10). During four hours recovery period after 10.000 m run, each group received either 2000 mL caffeinated-carbohydrate drink/isotonic drink and 330 mL water. There were no significant differences in urine osmolality, urine specific gravity, urine color, body weight changes and thirst between both groups. As a conclusion, caffeinated-carbohydrate drink is as good as isotonic drink in maintaining hydration status in recovery period post-exercise."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman minuman isotonik terhadap kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill. Enam puluh spesimen Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill berdiameter 6 mm dan tinggi 3 mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok perendaman yaitu dengan akuades (kontrol) dan minuman isotonik. Setiap kelompok direndam dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari. Kekerasan permukaan diuji menggunakan HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester.Hasil menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara perendaman akuades dan minuman isotonik uji Independent T-Test. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara semua kelompok perendaman minuman isotonik dengan lama perendaman 1 hari, 3 hari dan 7 hari dengan uji statistik One-Way Anova dan PostHoc Tukey HSD. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa minuman isotonik mempengaruhi kekerasan permukaan resin komposit bulk-fill.

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This study aims to determine the influence of isotonic drink immersion on surface hardness of bulk-fill composite. Sixty specimens of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm height were divided into two groups of storage media; deionized water (control) and isotonic drink. Each group was for 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. The surface hardness is measured using a HMV-G Series Micro Vickers Hardness Tester.

The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between immersion of control and isotonic drink with Independet T-Test. The results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between all isotonic drink immersion groups with immersion duration of 1 day, 3 days and 7 days with One-Way Anova Test and Post Hoc Tukey HSD. It can be concluded that isotonic drinks affect the surface hardness of bulk-fill composite."

"Latar Belakang: Arteriovenous fistula telah menjadi akses hemodialisis yang direkomendasikan. Namun tidak semua arteriovenous fistula dapat digunakan dengan baik, National kidney disease outcome quality initiative (NKDOQI) telah merekomendasikan pasien pascaoperasi arteriovenous fistula untuk melakukan latihan tangan, saat ini belum adanya evaluasi serta bentuk program latihan ekstremitas atas terhadap pasien gagal ginjal dengan diabetes melitus yang telah menjalani arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica di RSCM. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimental yang membandingkan data yang memiliki karakteristik sama, subjek yang menjalani arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica pada rentang waktu Februari 2020 – Februari 2021 telah diikutsertakan. Hasil: 23 subjek yang menjalani operasi arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica dilakukan pengamatan, program latihan dapat meningkatkan ukuran diameter draining vein secara bermakna dengan nilai p = 0,006 pada minggu keenam setelah operasi. Dan secara bermakna dapat meningkatkan blood flow rate di minggu keenam setelah menjalani operasi arteriovenous fistula sebesar 210% dengan rerata 616,56 ± 88,80 mL/menit dengan p = 0,002. Selanjutnya dapat menurunkan jarak draining vein dengan kulit pada minggu keempat (p = 0,015), namun hasil menjadi tidak bermakna pada minggu keenam setelah operasi.Kesimpulan: Program latihan isotonik, isometrik dan restriksi parsial ekstermitas atas pascaoperasi dapat meningkatan diameter draining vein, mempengaruhi jarak draining vein dengan kulit, dan meningkatan blood flow rate arteriovenous fistula radiochepalica.

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Background: Arteriovenous fistulas have become the recommended access for hemodialysis. However, not all arteriovenous fistulas can be functional. National kidney disease outcome quality initiative (NKDOQI) has recommended hand exercises for patients following arteriovenous fistula surgery. To date, there has been no evaluation and exercise program for the upper extremity in diabetic patients with kidney failure who have undergone radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery in RSCM.

Methods: This study had a quasi-experimental design, comparing the data which had the same characteristics. Subjects who underwent radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery in February 2020 to February 2021 were included.

Results: Twenty-three subjects who underwent radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula surgery were observed. The exercise program could increase the diameter of the draining veins significantly (p = 0.006) in the 6th week following the surgery. There was also a significant increase in the rate of blood flow as much as 210% with an average of 616.56 ± 88.80 mL/minute (p = 0.002), observed in the 6th week after the operation. Subsequently, there was a decrease in the draining vein-to-skin distance in the 4th week (p = 0.015), however the result was not significant in the 6th week following the surgery.

Conclusion: The upper extremity isotonic, isometric, and partial restriction exercise program following the surgery could increase the diameter of the draining veins, affect the draining vein-to-skin distance, and increase the rate of blood flow in the radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian cornflakes dan sususkim dibandingkan dengan minuman isotonik terhadap replesi glikogen dengan penilaian kadarglikogen sintase kinase (GSK)-3B leukosit selama dua jam masa pemulihan setelah pertandingansepakbola 2 x 45 menit. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan desain paralel, acak,tersamar tunggal. Subyek penelitian, sebanyak 21 atlet sepakbola dibagi menjadi dua kelompok,yaitu kelompok kontrol (n = 11) dan kelompok perlakuan (n = 10). Selama dua jam masapemulihan setelah bertanding sepakbola, kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan berturut-turut mendapatminuman isotonik dan campuran cornflakes dan susu skim sebanyak 1200 mL Asupan nutrisidihitung dengan metode food record 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapatperbedaan signifikan penurunan kadar GSK-3B leukosit antara kedua kelompok, namun, terjadipenurunan kadar GSK-3B yang lebih besar pada KP (29% vs 19%). Kesimpulan yang diambiladalah pemberian campuran cornflakes dan susu skim mempunyai kecenderungan lebih baik untukreplesi glikogen dibandingkan dengan pemberian minuman isotonik

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ABSTRACTThis study to verify the effect of cornflakes-skim millk drink compared with isotonic drink onglykogen repletion using indicator level of glykogen sintase kinase (GSK)-3B leukosit during twohours on recovery period after soccer games 2 x 45 minute. This study was randomized , contolled,single-blinded, clinical trial. The subjects of study was twenty one soccer athletes divided twogroup: control group (n = 11) and treatment group (n = 10). After two hours on recovery periodafter soccer games, control group and treatment group subsquence isotonic drink and cornflakesskimmilk received either 1200 ml. This study counting withfood record 3 x 24 hours. The result of study there were different significant on decreassed levelof GSK-3B more higher at TC (29% vs 19%). The result of cornflakes-skim milk was havingtendency better for glycogen repletion compared with isotonic drink"

"ABSTRAKUji klinis paralel alokasi acak terbuka ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh larutan cornflakes dan susu skim terhadap kadar insulin serum pasca lari 5.000 m pada pemain futsal putra usia 19 30 tahun. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (KK) dan kelompok perlakuan (KP), masing-masing 10 orang, KK dan KP berturut-turut mendapat minuman isotonik dan larutan cornflakes dan susu skim 1.400 mL. Data yang diambil meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, asupan energi, karbohidrat, dan protein, serta kadar insulin serum dan glukosa darah. Pemeriksaan kadar insulin dilakukan pasca lari 5.000 m dan 1 jam pasca konsumsi minuman. Kadar glukosa darah diperiksa pra- pasca lari 5.000 m dan menit ke-15, 30, 60 pasca minum. Usia, IMT dan persentase massa lemak tubuh antara kedua kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan. Data laboratorium diperoleh dari 16 subjek, karena 4 orang subjek dikeluarkan, masing-masing 2 orang dari tiap kelompok. Kadar insulin serum pra konsumsi tidak berbeda signifikan KK 14,75 ± 8,69 IU/mL dan KP 9,04 (5,99 43,20)IU/mL. Kadar insulin pasca konsumsi lebih tinggi pada KP tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan KK 32,48 ± 18,44 IU/mL dan KP 46,24 (14,50 183,00) IU/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan perubahan kadar insulin antara kedua kelompok, KK 17,72 ± 20,49 IU/mL dan KP 10,97 (4,00 173,00) IU/mL. Pada kedua kelompok terjadi peningkatan signifikan kadar insulin serum namun peningkatan yang lebih tinggi terjadi pada KP (p = 0,006) dibandingkan pada KK (p = 0,033). Kadar glukosa darah menit ke-15, 30 dan 60 lebih tinggi pada KK, tetapi tidak berbeda signifikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pemberian larutan cornflakes dan susu skim cenderung meningkatan kadar insulin serum pasca lari 5.000 m yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan minuman isotonik pada pemain futsal putra usia 19 30 tahun.

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ABSTRACTThis parallel open randomized clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of cornflakes and skim milk to serum insulin levels after 5,000 m running in male futsal players aged 19 30 years. Subjects were divided into a control group (C) and treatment group (T), 10 subjects each, C and T received 1,400 mL isotonic drinks or cornflakes and skim milk solution respectively. Data were collected included age, body mass index (BMI), body percentage fat , energy, carbohydrate, protein intake, serum insulin and blood glucose levels. Serum insulin levels were assessed after 5,000 m running and 1 hour after consumption of the beverages. Blood glucose levels were examined pre-post 5,000 m running and at 15, 30, and 60'minutes post-drinking. Age, BMI and body fat mass percentage between the two groups did not differ significantly. Laboratory data obtained from 16 subjects, 4 subjects were excluded, 2 from each group. Serum insulin levels pre consumption did not differ significantly; C 14.75 ± 8.69 IU / mL and T 9.04 (5.99-43.20) IU / mL. Insulin levels after consumption was higher in T but did not differ significantly; C 32.48 ± 18.44 IU / mL and T 46.24 (14.50 183,00) IU / mL. There were no significant differences in insulin levels changes between the two groups; C 17.72 ± 20.49 IU / mL and T 10.97 (4.00 173,00) IU / mL. In both groups serum insulin levels increased significantly, higher increased occurred in the T (p = 0.006) compared with the C (p = 0.033). Blood glucose levels after 15, 30 and 60 minutes were higher in C, but did not differ significantly. This study showed cornflakes and skim milk solution tends to increase serum insulin levels after 5,000 m running higher than the isotonic drinks to male futsal players aged 19 30 years."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Sendi lutut adalah sendi yang paling sering terkena OA. Stabilitas dinamik sendi lutut dipengaruhi oleh otot-otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Untuk mengoptimalkan gaya yang dihasilkan oleh otot, program latihan peregangan harus terintegrasi dalam program latihan penguatan pada OA. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan efek berbagai teknik peregangan terhadap hasil latihan isotonik pada pasien OA lutut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan efek teknik peregangan statik dibandingkan Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF terhadap outcome visual analog scale VAS, lingkup gerak sendi LGS, kekuatan otot, dan kemampuan berjalan latihan penguatan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring pada pasien OA lutut. METODE: Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental. Populasi terjangkau adalah wanita penderita OA lutut berusia 50 ndash; 70 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Rehabilitasi Medik RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive sampling dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara randomisasi. Pada kelompok pertama, subjek diberi infra red radiation IRR, latihan peregangan statik, dan latihan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Pada kelompok kedua, subjek diberi IRR, latihan peregangan PNF, dan latihan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring. Intervensi dilakukan selama 6 minggu. Penilaian nyeri menggunakan skor VAS, LGS menggunakan goniometer, kekuatan otot menggunakan hand held dynamometer, dan kemampuan berjalan menggunakan uji jalan 15 meter. HASIL: Sebanyak 30 responden mengikuti program latihan sampai selesai, kelompok pertama dan kedua masing-masing 15 orang. Setelah 6 minggu, didapatkan perbaikan skor VAS, LGS, kekuatan otot kuadrisep dan hamstring serta uji jalan 15 meter dengan perbaikan bermakna didapatkan pada kekuatan otot hamstring pada kedua kelompok. Delta skor VAS dan uji jalan 15 meter lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan statik dibandingkan PNF tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Delta kekuatan otot kuadrisep didapatkan lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan statik dibandingkan PNF dan berbeda bermakna p=0.033 . Delta LGS dan kekuatan hamstring lebih tinggi pada kelompok peregangan PNF dibandingkan statik tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. KESIMPULAN: Pemberian latihan peregangan statik maupun PNF tidak memberikan efek yang berbeda bermakna secara keseluruhan terhadap outcome latihan penguatan isotonik otot kuadrisep dan hamstring pada pasien OA lutut.

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BACKGROUND. Knee joints are the joints most commonly affected by OA. The dynamic stability of the knee joint is affected by the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Stretching exercise programs should be integrated into strengthening exercise programs in OA to optimize the force that generated by the muscle. However, there have been no studies comparing the effects of various stretching techniques on the outcome of isotonic exercise in knee OA patients. The aim of this study was to find out whether there is a difference between the effect of static stretching compared to the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation PNF to the outcomes visual analog scale VAS, range of motion ROM, muscle strength, and walking ability of quadriceps and hamstring muscle isotonic strengthening exercises in knee OA patients.

METHODS. The design of this study was quasi experimental. The study population is women suffering from knee OA aged 50-70 years who went to the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta that meet the criteria of the study. Sampling was done using consecutive sampling and divided into two groups by randomization. In the first group, subjects were given infra red radiation IRR, static stretching exercises, and isotonic exercises of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. In the second group, subjects were given IRR, PNF stretching exercises, and isotonic exercises of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Intervention is done for 6 weeks. Pain assessment using VAS scores, ROM measurement using a goniometer, muscle strength measurement using a hand-held dynamometer, and walking ability measurement using a 50-feet walking test.

RESULTS. Thirty respondents were completed the exercise program, the first and second group consists of 15 people, respectively. After 6 weeks, the improvement of VAS, ROM, quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and 50 feet walking test with significant improvement was obtained only hamstring muscle strength in both groups. Delta VAS scores and 50 feet walking test were higher in the static stretching group than PNF but not significantly different. Delta quadriceps muscle strength was significantly high er in the static stretch group than in PNF p = 0.033 . Delta ROM and hamstring muscle strength were higher in the PNF stretching group than in static but not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS. There is no significant difference between the effect of static stretching techniques and the PNF on the outcomes visual analog scale VAS, range of motion ROM, muscle strength, and walking ability of quadriceps and hamstring muscle isotonic strengthening exercises in knee OA patients. "