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"Skripsi ini mempelajari hubungan antara internasionalisasi dan kinerja perusahaan, dengan menganalisa keputusan internasionalisasi, tingkat control dalam mode entri yang dipilih, dan pemilihan waktu yang dibuat oleh produsen mobil Jerman dan Jepang seperti Mercedes-Benz, BMW AG, Volkswagen AG, Toyota dan Honda. Selain itu skripsi ini juga membandingkan kinerja Fiat Automobiles S.p.A, dimana strategi internasionalisasi perusahaan dalam memasuki pasar Asia tidak signifikan. Temuan pada skripsi ini menunjukan bahwa internasionalisasi ke Asia mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan secara positif; tetapi, ketinggian tingkat kontrol dalam mode entri yang dipilih tidak menghasilkan kinerja yang lebih baik. Selain itu, skripsi ini tidak dapat menyimpulkan efek dari pemilihan waktu entri di Asia terhadap kinerja internasionalisasi perusahaan karena ditemukannya hasil yang bertentangan.

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This paper studies the relationship between internationalization and firms performance, by analyzing the internationalization decision, level of control within the entry mode chosen, and entry timing made by German and Japanese car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz, BMW AG, Volkswagen AG, Toyota and Honda. Furthermore this paper also compares the performance of Fiat Automobiles S.p.A, whose internationalization strategy in Asian market is not significant.

The findings suggest that internationalization to Asia positively affect firms performance; however, a high level of control within the chosen entry modes does not significantly result in a better performance. Lastly, the paper is not able to conclude the effect of entry timing on firms internationalization due to ambivalent findings."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh internasionalisasi terhadap risikobank. Studi ini menggunakan regresi data panel dengan Generalized Least Square (GLS).Uji Hausman dilakukan pada studi ini dan menghasilkan model fixed effect sebagai modelyang paling tepat untuk mengestimasi model. Faktor spesifik bank diantaranya: ukuranbank, biaya overhead bank, diversifikasi pendapatan bank serta faktor makroekonomidiantaranya: pertumbuhan GDP dan GDP per kapita digunakan sebagai variabel kontroldalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari 743 bank komersial yangberasal dari negara-negara yang tergabung dalam keanggotaan G8 pada periode 2005-2018. Pada periode tersebut, internasionalisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap risiko bank.Mengikuti periode krisis keuangan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwainternasionalisasi justru meminimalisasi risiko bank pada saat periode krisis. Lokasidimana bank beroperasi, di negara maju atau berkembang terbukti tidak memilikipengaruh pada risiko bank

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This study aims to analyse the effect of internationalization to bank risk. This study uses

data panel regression analysis techniques with Generalized Least Square (GLS).

Hausman test show that the model used as a fixed effect estimation technique. Bankspecific

factors such as bank size, bank overhead cost, bank income diversification, and

macro-economic factors such as GDP growth and GDP per capita are taken as control

variables. Using data from 743 commercial banks from Group of Eight (G8) countries

over 2005-2018. Over this period, bank internationalization is associated with higher

bank risk. Following the crisis, we find that the effect of internationalization is even more

inconspicious during the financial crises. Furthermore, Whether the banks operate in

developing or developed countries, has proven to have no significant relationship with

bank risk."

"ABSTRACTThis article describes and explains the jive pillars of contemporary globalization. This process is provoked eSpecially by the rapid development of information, communication and transportation technology, especially Since the 19803. T here are four fundamental pillars of contemporary globalization, namely internationalization, interdependence, westemization and the rise of world society. These four pillars are connected to each othen However the globalization process creates two diferent global impacts, namely prosperity on the one hand, and poverty which is based on global economic inequality on the other hand. Several elaborated strategies to overcome the challenges of contemporary globalization, such as international cooperation and the revised version of Welfare State tradition, are also elaborated."

"This article describes and explains the five pillars of contemporary globalization. This process is provoked especially by the rapid development of information, communication, and transporatation technology, especially since the 1980s. There are four fundamental pillars of contemporary globalization, namely internationalization, interdependence, westernization and the rise of world society. These four pillars are connected to each other. However, the globalization process creates two different global impacts, namely prosperity on the one hand, and poverty which is based on global economic inequality on the other hand. Several elaborated strategies to overcome the challenges of contemporary globalization, such as international cooperation and the revised version of Welfare State tradition, are also elaborated."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara internasionalisasi dan kinerja dengan menggunakan data panel 100 perusahaan manufaktur dan agrikultur terbuka di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2008?2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara internasionalisasi dan kinerja adalah berbentuk-S. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa slack perusahaan (dalam bentuk likuiditas dan lever-age), menimbulkan efek moderasi yang positif terhadap hubungan antara inter-nasionalisasi dan kinerja

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ABSTRACTUsing panel data of 100 listed manufacturing and agriculture firms in Indonesia throughout the period 2008?2013, this study explores the relationship between internationalization and performance. Results indicate that the relationship between internationalization and performance is an S-shaped one. Furthermore, this study finds that organizational slack (operationalized by liquidity and lever-age) positively moderates the internationalization?performance relationship."

"The rise of the emerging-market countries offers both developing and developed countries aunique opportunity to gain the benefits of a truly international economy. Consequently, it is imperativeto advance our knowledge of emerging-market countries MNC emergence and competitivenessincluding Malaysian firms on how will they position their products strategically. Based on theframework of Porter’s Generic Strategy, this paper is composed of price/ volume segments and impactson product strategy theory. The aim is to identify crucial triggering cues and focus areas forMalaysian companies and measure what role these play in different segments. This study arguesthat some Malaysian companies will reposition themselves strategically when internationalizingand that they will focus on other factors or triggering cues when doing so not merely adapting theprevalent price leadership strategy"

"ABSTRAKTerdapat anggapan dan bukti luas jika aktivitas internasional memiliki pengaruh dan menjadi salah satu faktor penentu pemilihan struktur modal usaha. Performa ekspor dilihat menjadi salah satu faktor dan indikator kritis penentu performa dan keberlangsungan perusahaan yang memiliki kegiatan internasional secara umum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekspor dan faktor-faktor spesifik perusahaan profitabilitas, tangibilitas aset, ukuran, likuiditas, dan risiko terhadap struktur modal. Penelitian menggunakan model regresi data panel terhadap 95 observasi penelitian seluruh perusahaan di industri kelapa sawit Indonesia yang tersedia datanya secara publik dalam periode 2011-2015. Dengan menggunakan variabel Total Debt sebagai proksi struktur modal, hasil penelitian membuktikan jika ekspor di perusahaan kelapa sawit non-listed signifikan berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal. Sedangkan hasil berbeda didapatkan untuk perusahaan kelapa sawit listed dimana ekspor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap struktur modal.

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ABSTRAKThere is a widespread assumption and evidence if the international activities have an influence and become one of the determinants of the choice of company rsquo s capital structure. Export performance is seen as one of the critical factors and indicators determining the performance and sustainability of the company who has international activities in general. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of export activities and firm rsquo s specific factors profitability, assets tangibility, size, liquidity, and risk on capital structure. This research use regression models with panel data and using 95 observations of all firms in Indonesia rsquo s crude palm oil industry which the data is available on public from 2011 2015. Using Total debt as the capital structure proxy, the result shows that export has significant effect on the capital structure in non listed palm oil companies. Different results are obtained for listed palm oil companies where exports have insignificant effect on capital structure."

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh dari kegiatan internasionalisasi terhadap kinerja perusahaan di Indonesia, Filipina, dan Malaysia. Penelitian ini juga ingin melihat apakah home country uncertainty dan wilayah ekspansi dapat memperkuat hubungan internasionalisasi dengan kinerja perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode unbalanced data panel generalized leat square (GLS) dengan data tahunan selama 9 tahun, yaitu pada 2009-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan internasionalisasi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Home country uncertainty yaitu risiko politik dan tingkat korupsi sebagai variabel independen memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang positif terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Sementara sebagai variabel moderasi keduanya memiliki pengaruh signifikan yang berkebalikan, risiko politik berpengaruh negatif sementara tingkat korupsi berpengaruh positif. Sebagai variabel moderasi, wilayah ekspansi regional hanya signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat korupsi, sementara wilayah non regional signifikan mempengaruhi baik tingkat korupsi maupun risiko politik.

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This study aims to determine the influence of internationalization activities on the performance of firms in Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. This study also determines whether home country uncertainty and region of expansion strengthen the relations between internationalization and firm performance. This study uses the generalized least square (GLS) unbalanced panel data with annual data for 9 years (2009-2017). The result shows that there is a positive and significant influence of internationalization on firm performance. Home country uncertainty (political risk and level of corruption) as independent variables has positive and significant effect on firm performance. While as moderating variables, both political risk and level of corruption have different significant influence, political risk gives negative effect to firm performance whereas level of corruption gives positive effect to firm performance. As moderating variable, regional expansion only gives significant influence to level of corruption whereas non-regional expansion gives significant effect on both level of corruption and political risk.

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"ABSTRAKThe internationalization of higher education over the last two decades has transformed the education sector into a globalized, interconnected knowledge based society. Higher education institutions and national governments have been compelled to pay more attention to academic relations and knowledge exchange opportunities with partners in other countries, particularly in the same region. The current study aims to investigate the role of higher education internationalization in Southeast Asian nations ASEAN for the development of a more harmonized region. Previous research has revealed that less developed countries in the ASEAN region are far behind in the race to globalization and transformation of the education industry. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the policies and strategies enacted by the ASEAN administration and determine what it lacks to achieve this goal. An exploratory comparative approach has been used to identify and investigate recent internationalization trends in ASEAN member countries. The internationalization of higher education is a compelling and logical approach to increasing harmonization at the intra regional and interregional levels."