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"With the growth of optical communications using Low toss optical. fibers. the need for an optical switching system that exchanges optical. signals without any optoelectric and electro optic converter may arise. In this study, an experimental model of sliding prism switch using planar micro lens array has been constructed. The performance of the constructed switching device was studied by measuring insertion Loss. coupling efficiency and cross talk. The experiment shows that the measured results of insertion losses that is 6 and 7 dB are greater than the theoretically calculation that is 1.3 dB. The modulated signal has been measured as we t t ; the shape of the signal does not change after passing through the switch and on the other hand the amplitude of the output signal. is tower than the input signal due to the transmission Loss. I t is concluded that the experimental model of sliding prism demonstrate the potential application of planar micro lens in optical switch device."

"Pendahuluan : Percobaan insersi LMA yang berulang atau memanjang berkaitan dengan berbagai komplikasi. Masalah utama yang menjadi penyebab kegagalan insersi ialah ujung LMA yang dapat tertekuk ke arah kranial selama insersi. Diperlukan metode insersi LMA lainnya untuk meningkatkan angka keberhasilan insersi LMA.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis acak yang melibatkan 92 pasien berusia 18- 60 tahun yang dilakukan anestesia umum dengan LMA UniqueÒ. Pada metode manipulasi digiti intraoral, jari telunjuk tangan non dominan dimasukkan ke dalam mulut, melewati sisi ipsilateral dan berada di belakang cuff. Pada saat ujung cuff mendekati palatum, dilakukan fleksi jari telunjuk, kemudian tangan dominan mendorong LMA. Kelompok kontrol dilakukan insersi LMA dengan metode standar (tanpa manipulasi digiti intraoral).Hasil: Insersi LMA dengan metode manipulasi digiti intraoral memiliki keberhasilan pada percobaan pertama yang lebih tinggi (100% dibandingkan 84,6%, p=0,012), waktu insersi yang lebih singkat (21,38 detik dibandingkan 32,42 detik, p<0,001), dan jumlah percobaan yang lebih sedikit (p=0,012). Pada kelompok perlakuan, didapatkan 10,9% nyeri tenggorokan dan 13,0% bercak darah setelah eksersi LMA. Terlipatnya ujung LMA dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan bantuan jari yang menahan mask tip agar tidak terlipat.Simpulan: Metode manipulasi digiti intraoral untuk insersi LMA UniqueÒ memiliki keberhasilan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode standar.

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Introduction: Prolonged and multiple attempts at LMA insertion are associated with various complications. Primary issue leading to insertion failure is potential folding of the LMA tip towards the cranial direction. Another LMA insertion method is needed to improve the success rate of LMA insertion.

Methods: This research is a randomized clinical trial involving 92 patients aged 18-60 undergoing general anesthesia with the LMA UniqueÒ. In intraoral digit manipulation method, non-dominant index finger is inserted into the mouth, passing by the ipsilateral side and slightly behind the cuff. When the cuff tip approaches the palate, the index finger is flexed, and then the dominant hand pushes the LMA. The control group undergoes LMA insertion using standard method.

Results: LMA insertion with intraoral digit manipulation method has a higher success rate in first attempt (100% compared to 84.6%, p=0.012), shorter insertion time (21.38 seconds compared to 32.42 seconds, p<0.001), and fewer insertion attempts compared to the standard method (p=0.012). In treatment group, the incidence of sore throat and blood stain were 10.9% and 13.0%. The incidence of blood stain after LMA removal was 13.0%. The folding of the LMA tip can be prevented by using finger support to hold mask tip in place and prevent it from folding.

Conclusion: The intraoral digit manipulation method for LMA UniqueÒ insertion has a higher success rate compared to the standard method."

"ABSTRAKA Dynamic Dial a Ride Problem with Money as an Icentive DARP-M adalah suatu per- masalah dalam pencarian rute optimal untuk memenuhi permintaan sejumlah pelanggan yang menggunakan sistem taxi sharing dengan kendala biaya. Taxi sharing merupakan suatu sistem dimana pelaku perjalanan individu yang berbagi kendaraan dengan pelaku perjalanan lain, yang mempunyai asal, tujuan dan waktu perjalanan yang sama atau ham- pir bersamaan. Solusi yang ingin dicapai pada tugas akhir ini adalah solusi yang dapat meminimumkan biaya perjalanan setiap permintaan. Pencarian solusi dari DARP-M pada tugas akhir ini menggunakan metode insertion heuristic dalam pembentukan rute awal dan metode large neighborhood search dalam penentuan rute optimal.

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ABSTRACTA Dynamic dial a Ride Problem with Money as an Icentive DARP M is a problem of finding optimal route to serve customers demand which uses taxi sharing system with cost constraint. Taxi sharing is a system where individual customer share vehicles with other customer, who has same or similar origin, destination, and travel time. The optimal solution is the solution that can minimize the cost of each trip request. The search for the DARP M solution in this final project uses the insertion heuristic method for con struction of initial route and the large neighborhood search method for the optimal route determination. "

"Tujuan: Membandingkan angka keberhasilan dan kemudahan pemasangan sungkup faring proseal (LMP) yang difasilitasi rokuroniun dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dengan rokuronium dosis 0.1 mg/kg bb.Metode: Dilakukan uji klinik tersamar ganda pada 48 pasien yang menjalani operasi berencana dengan anesthesia umum. Pasien dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 24 pasien mendapat rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dan 24 pasien lainnya mendapat rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb untuk memudahkan pemasangan LMP. Selama penelitian, dilakukan pengamatan frekuensi dan kemudahan upaya pemasangan serta perubahan hemodinamik. Data numerik akan dianalisis dengan uji t serta data nominal dengan uji x-kuadrat dan uji Fisher.Hasil: Tidak ditemukan perbedaan berrnakna pada angka keberhasilan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMP antara kelompok yang mendapatkan rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb dengan rokuronium 0,1 mg/kg bb. lnsiden gerakan, batuk dan relaksasi mandibula tidak berbeda bermakna. Satu kasus dari kelompok yang mendapatkan rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb gagal dipasang dan mengalami laringospasme.Kesimpulan: Pemberian rokuronium dosis 0,2 mg/kg bb mempunyai angka keberhasilan dan tingkat kemudahan yang sama dalam pemasangan LMP dengan rokuronium dosis 0,1 mg/kg bb.

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Purpose: To compare success rate and ease grade on LMP insertion facilitated with rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW with rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW.

Methods: We performed a randomized, double-blind study in 48 patients under general anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups; 24 patients had rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW and others had rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW to facilitated LMP insertion. During the research, we observed the success rate and ease grade and also haemodynamic changes. For statistical analysis we used t-test, chi-square test and Fisher's test.

Results: There were no differences in patients who had rocuronium 0.1 mglkgBW and rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW to facilitated LMP insertion for success and ease grade. There were no significance in movement incidences; cough and mandibula relaxation. There is one patient from rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW group that failed because of laryngospasm.

Conclusion: LMP insertion with rocuronium 0.1 mg/kgBW and rocuronium 0.2 mg/kgBW have the same success rate and ease grade."

"ABSTRACTPickup and Delivery Problem with Transfer (PDPT) dideskripsikan sebagai cara menemukan solusi optimal untuk menetapkan himpunan permintaan ke himpunan kendaraan (awalnya terletak pada beberapa depot), dengan meminimalkan fungsi objektif tertentu berdasarkan kendala yang telah ditetapkan. Transfer barang dilakukan untuk meminimalkan waktu tempuh kendaraan dengan cara memindahkan barang di titik transfer yang nantinya akan diangkut oleh kendaraan lain dengan waktu lebih singkat. Berdasarkan konsep tersebut, dibentuk formulasi PDPT dengan menambahkan secara sistematis variabel dan kendala yang direalisasikan secara dinamis selama penentuan solusi rencana. Dalam tulisan ini akan digunakan metode insertion heuristic untuk mendapatkan solusi optimal Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transfer (D-PDPT). Solusi objektifnya adalah untuk meminimumkan waktu perjalanan kendaraan pada solusi rencana yang didapatkan di setiap perhitungan. Berdasarkan hasil eksperimen simulasi, diperoleh hasil bahwa D-PDPT dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan sistem penjemputan dan pengantaran barang dengan penghematan waktu tempuh kendaraan sebesar 23%, dibandingkan dengan rute tanpa menggunakan titik transfer.

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ABSTRACTPickup and Delivery Problem with Transfer (PDPT) is described as a way of finding the optimal solution for assigning a set of requests to a set of vehicles (initially located at several depots), by minimizing certain objective functions based on predetermined constraints. Transfer of goods is done to minimize vehicle travel time by moving goods at the point of transfer which will later be transported by other vehicles with shorter time. Based on the concept, a PDPT formulation is formed by systematically adding variables and constraints that are realized dynamically during the determination of the plan solution. n this paper we will use the Insertion Heuristic method to obtain the optimal solution of Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transfer (D-PDPT). The objective solution is to minimize vehicle travel time in the plan solutions obtained in each calculation. Based on the results of the simulation experiments, the results show that D-PDPT can be used to optimize the pickup and delivery system with 23% vehicle travel time savings, compared to routes without using transfer points."

"Pada penelitian ini, dirancang sebuah triple-band bandpass filter (BPF) menggunakan hairpin Tri Section Step Impedance Resonator (TSSIR), yang dapat bekerja pada frekuensi 1400 MHz, 2400 MHz dan 3800 MHz secara bersamaan, dirancang, dibuat dan dievaluasi. Proses perancangan dan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak Advanced Design System (ADS). Bandpass Filter (BPF) yang dirancang menggunakan konfigurasi hairpin TSSIR yang dibuat pada Printed Circuit Board (PCB) FR-4 dengan nilai permitivitas 4.6, ketebalan substrat 1.6 mm dan loss tangent 0.002. Parameter yang digunakan saat perancangan ialah Insertion Loss, Return Loss, VSWR dan Bandwidth. Hasil simulasi Return Loss memiliki nilai -30.156 dB, -20.607 dB, dan -17.287 dB dan hasil fabrikasi pada penelitian ini memiliki nilai Return Loss sebesar dan -15.007 dB, -10.467 dB, dan -10.047 dB. Sedangkan nilai hasil simulasi Insertion Loss sebesar -0.682 dB, -0.855 dB, dan -1.262 dB dan hasil fabrikasi pada penelitian ini memiliki nilai Insertion Loss sebesar -2.236 dB, -2.983 dB dan -12.067 dB. Sehingga pada perancangan kali ini bandwidth pada frekuensi tengah yang ketiga (3800) MHz tidak memenuhi target disebabkan  adanya perbedaan nilai konstanta dielektrik substrat yang memiliki nilai pada rentang 4.6-4.9 pada tempat fabrikasi sehingga terjadinya pergeseran frekuensi tengah dan tidak tercapainya parameter yang diinginkan.

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In this research, a triple-band bandpass filter (BPF) was designed using a hairpin Tri Section Step Impedance Resonator (TSSIR), which can work at 1400 MHz, 2400 MHz and 3800 MHz simultaneously, was designed, fabricated and evaluated. The design and simulation process uses the Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The Bandpass Filter (BPF) was designed using a TSSIR hairpin configuration made on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) FR-4 with a permittivity value of 4.6, a substrate thickness of 1.6 mm and a loss tangent of 0.002. The parameters used when designing are Insertion Loss, Return Loss, VSWR and Bandwidth. The results of the Return Loss simulation have values of -30,156 dB, -20,607 dB, and -17,287 dB and the fabrication results in this study have Return Loss values of and -15,007 dB, -10,467 dB, and -10,047 dB. While the insertion loss simulation results are -0.682 dB, -0.855 dB, and -1.262 dB and the fabrication results in this study have insertion loss values of -2.236 dB, -2.983 dB and -12.067 dB. So that in this design the bandwidth at the third center frequency (3800) MHz does not meet the target due to differences in the dielectric constant values of the substrate which have values in the range 4.6-4.9 at the fabrication site resulting in a shift in the middle frequency and the desired parameters are not achieved."

"Tujuan : Membandingkan angka keberhasilan pemasangan LMP antara teknik klasik modifikasi dengan teknik introduser.Metode :Uji klinik tersamar ganda. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Bedah Pusat RSCM pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2004, pada 118 pasien dewasa yang menjalani operasi berencana dengan anesthesia umum. Pasien dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok; 59 pasein mendapat perlakuan teknik klasik modifikasi dan 59 pasien lainnya dengan teknik introduser. Apabila berhasil dilanjutkan dengan pemasangan OCT. Selama penelitian dilakukan pengamatan frekuensi upaya pemasangan, perubahan hemodinamik serta komplikasi yang timbul. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji t untuk data numerik, uji x-kuadrat untuk data nominal, dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05.Hasil : Angka keberhasilan pemasangan LMP pada upaya pertama (96% vs 88,1%, p<0,05) lebih tinggi dengan teknik klasik modifikasi, tetapi angka keberhasilan setelah upaya ketiga adalah sama (98,3%) pada kedua kelompok. Angka Keberhasilan pemasangan OGT lebih tinggi pada kelompok teknik klasik modifikasi (86,2% vs 81,1%, p<0,05). Terdapat penurunan hemodinamik yang bermakna pada 1 menit setelah pemasangan LMP. Angka penurunan MAP (6,16% vs 10,25%) dan laju denyut jantung (1,5% vs. 6,83%) lebih kecil pada kelompok teknik klasik modifikasi daripada kelompok teknik introduser. Kamplikasi yang timbul pada penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya darah pada kaf ketika dilakukan ekstubasi (9,32%).Kesimpulan : Teknik klasik modifikasi mempunyai angka keberhasilan pemasangan LMP yang sama dengan teknik introduser.

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Background: The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) is a new laryngeal mask device with a modified cuff to improve seal and drainage tube to provide a channel for regurgitated fluid and gastric tube placement. In this present double blind, randomized, clinical study, we tested the hypothesis that the rate of successful) PLMA insertion using modified classical technique is higher than introducer technique.

Method : A hundred and eighteen adult patients that underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia were randomly allocated to modified classical technique and introducer technique groups. We compared the rate of successful PLMA insertion technique. Oro gastric tube insertion was attempted if there was no gas leak. We assessed hemodynamic responses and complications of insertion.

Result : First-attempt insertion successful rate (96% vs. 88,1%, p<0,05) was higher for the modified classical technique, but after the third attempt successful rate were similar (98,3%). Oro gastric tube placement was more successful with modified classical technique (86,2% vs 81,1%, p<0,05). There was a significant decrease in hemodynamic measurement at 1 minute after insertion of the PLMA. There was a smaller decrease in mean arterial pressure (6,16% vs 10,25%) and heart rate (1,5% vs. 6,83%) after insertion with modified classical technique compare with introducer technique. The only complication was the presence of blood on the device following removal (9,32%).

Conclusion : Modified classical technique has a similar ALMA insertion successfulf rate with introducer technique."

"[ABSTRAK Penyebaran Bahasa Inggris di Indonesia dimulai setelah lengsernya Presiden Republik IndonesiaSoeharto pada zaman Pasca-Orde Baru. Pada saat itu pula, banyak kata-kata atau ungkapan dalam bahasa Inggrisyang mempengaruhi penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di dalam setiap aspek kehidupan, termasuk media massaseperti internet, televisi, radio dan lain sebagainya. Pada akhirnya, bahasa Inggris pun mempengaruhi sebagianbesar orang Indonesia terutama bagi para remaja metropolitan di Jakarta yang bahasa percakapan sehari-harinyabergaya kebarat-baratan. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis ingin menjelaskan bagaimana bahasa Inggris seringkalidisisipkan di dalam percakapan bahasa Indonesia, yang tentunya memiliki tujuan tersendiri. Kita dapatmenjumpai percakapan seperti itu dalam pergaulan kaula muda Jakarta yang mendefinisikan diri mereka sebagaianak gaul. Selain itu, penulis juga akan menjabarkan bagaimana kaula muda ini mengidentifikasi diri merekapada situasi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pengaruh bahasa Inggris ini dapat terhubung dengan aspek-aspek budayamengenai kehidupan kaula muda Jakarta sejak zaman Soeharto sampai saat ini.ABSTRACT The spread of English in Indonesia began after the President Soeharto?s fall or pasca-Orde Baru (post-

New Order). At that time, many English words affected Indonesian language and bombarded the use of

Indonesian language in every aspect. This includes electronic media such as, the internet, television, radio, etc.

and printed media like newspaper and magazine which become media for the spread of English in Indonesia.

Eventually, this foreign language affects most of Indonesian people, especially the Jakarta metropolitan

teenagers whose daily conversations are really westernized. In this research, I want to explain how English is

frequently asserted in Indonesian language conversations for several reasons. We can find the insertion of

English among Jakarta metropolitan teenagers who identify themselves as gaul (socialized) people. Besides, I

also want to explain how these teenagers identify their identities given this situation that has been a phenomenon

for years. Thus, this can be connected to the cultural aspects that study the Jakarta metropolitan teenagers?

lifestyles in post-authoritarian Soeharto regime in 1998 up to now.;The spread of English in Indonesia began after the President Soeharto?s fall or pasca-Orde Baru (post-

New Order). At that time, many English words affected Indonesian language and bombarded the use of

Indonesian language in every aspect. This includes electronic media such as, the internet, television, radio, etc.

and printed media like newspaper and magazine which become media for the spread of English in Indonesia.

Eventually, this foreign language affects most of Indonesian people, especially the Jakarta metropolitan

teenagers whose daily conversations are really westernized. In this research, I want to explain how English is

frequently asserted in Indonesian language conversations for several reasons. We can find the insertion of

English among Jakarta metropolitan teenagers who identify themselves as gaul (socialized) people. Besides, I

also want to explain how these teenagers identify their identities given this situation that has been a phenomenon

for years. Thus, this can be connected to the cultural aspects that study the Jakarta metropolitan teenagers?

lifestyles in post-authoritarian Soeharto regime in 1998 up to now., The spread of English in Indonesia began after the President Soeharto’s fall or pasca-Orde Baru (post-

New Order). At that time, many English words affected Indonesian language and bombarded the use of

Indonesian language in every aspect. This includes electronic media such as, the internet, television, radio, etc.

and printed media like newspaper and magazine which become media for the spread of English in Indonesia.

Eventually, this foreign language affects most of Indonesian people, especially the Jakarta metropolitan

teenagers whose daily conversations are really westernized. In this research, I want to explain how English is

frequently asserted in Indonesian language conversations for several reasons. We can find the insertion of

English among Jakarta metropolitan teenagers who identify themselves as gaul (socialized) people. Besides, I

also want to explain how these teenagers identify their identities given this situation that has been a phenomenon

for years. Thus, this can be connected to the cultural aspects that study the Jakarta metropolitan teenagers’

lifestyles in post-authoritarian Soeharto regime in 1998 up to now.]"