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Gde Yulian Yogadhita
"Cedera kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu tipe cedera tak disengaja yang berkontribusi sebagai penyebab kematian terbesar ke-tiga di Indonesia, menurut laporan status keselamatan Jalan dunia yang diterbitkan WHO pada 2013 berdasarkan data Kepolisian Republik Indonesi, diestimasikan sebanyak 37 000 – 47 000 korban meninggal dunia setiap tahunnya dan 46 000 mengalami cedera berat. Pilot project
surveilans cedera kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia di IGD RSUP Fatmawati mencoba menggambarkan besaran magnitude cedera beserta komponen dan factor risikonya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya cedera berat pada kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terdokumentasikan oleh form surveilans cedera di IGD RSUP Fatmawati pada periode Maret – Juli 2016. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 600 cedera yang diakibatkan oleh kecelakaan lalu lintas. Hasil analisis karakteristik dan faktor risiko sebagai prediktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya cedera berat akibat kecelakaan lalu
lintas adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.37-3.02); usia di atas 30 tahun dengan OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.11 – 2.22); tingkat pendidikan rendah (tidak bersekolah hingga lulusan SMA) dengan OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.12-2.25); hari kejadian akhir pekan dengan OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.08 – 2.17) dan tipe pengguna jalan pesepeda dengan OR
4.84 (95% CI 0.87-29.0). Berdasar pada penelitian ini, Kementerian Kesehatan RI untuk terus melakukan advokasi penggunaan form surveilans cedera di instalasi gawat darurat di rumah sakit agar dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih lengkap lagi mengenai karakteristik dan faktor risiko cedera dan memberi edukasi dan melakukan komunikasi risiko terkait cedera kecelakaan lalu lintas kepada masyarakat

A traffic accident injury is one type of unintentional injury that contributes to the third leading cause of death in Indonesia, according to the WHO 2013 Global Road Safety Report based on Indonesian Police, estimated at 37 000 - 47 000 fatalities annually and 46 000 experience severe injuries. Injury surveillance pilot
project by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia in Fatmawati Hospital Emergency Departement is trying to describe magnitude of injury along with its components and risk factors. This study aims to determine the risk factors of severe road traffic injury documented by injury surveillance form in Fatmawati Hospital Emergency Departement in March to July 2016. The research design used was cross sectional with the number of samples of 600 road traffic injury cases. The results of characteristic analysis and risk factors that contributed as predictor for severe road traffic injury are male gender with OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.37-3.02); age group above 30 years with OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.11 - 2.22); low education group (not attending school until high school graduate) with OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.12-2.25); working days with OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.08 – 2.17) and cyclists with OR 4.84 (95% CI 0.87-29.0). Based on this research, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia need to continue advocating the use of injury
surveillance forms at hospital emergency department to provide complete picture of injury characteristics and risk factors, and to educate and develop road traffic injury prevention and risk communication for community.
"
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2017
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Iwan Susilo Joko
"ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Mata masih merupakan salah satu organ yang paling sering terluka dalam kecelakaan kerja. Diperkirakan 1,6 juta orang buta terhadap cedera mata di seluruh dunia. Secara umum, cedera mata di tempat kerja dapat dicegah dan disebabkan oleh tidak digunakannya kacamata pelindung. Tujuan dari laporan kasus berdasarkan bukti ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas alat pelindung diri (APD) untuk pencegahan cedera mata akibat kerja.
Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, dan Wiley Online. Kriteria inklusi dari strategi pencarian ini adalah teks lengkap, manusia, dan diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir. Kriteria eksklusi dari pencarian ini adalah anak-anak, artikel teks lengkap yang tidak dapat diakses, dan penelitian yang tidak berfokus pada pekerjaan. Artikel-artikel itu dinilai secara kritis dengan menggunakan kriteria yang relevan oleh Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine.
Hasil: Dua artikel yang relevan dan valid ditemukan. Sebuah studi kasus-kontrol oleh Zakrzweski H et.al menyatakan bahwa APD mata tidak dikenakan oleh 66,9% dari responden, dengan 33,1% dari responden mengalami cedera mata akibat pekerjaan meskipun telah menggunakan APD. Penggunaan APD tidak mengurangi proporsi yang signifikan dari pekerja tersebut dari kemungkinan cedera. Sebuah studi cross-sectional oleh Lombardi DA et.al (2009) menyatakan bahwa kurangnya kenyamanan, dan asap/embun dan goresan kacamata merupakan hambatan paling penting dalam penggunaan APD. Usia yang lebih muda dan kurangnya pelatihan keselamatan adalah faktor penting lainnya yang mempengaruhi pengunaan APD.
Kesimpulan: Efektivitas penggunaan APD untuk mencegah cedera mata masih belum terbukti. Advokasi untuk penggunaan dan pemilihan APD mata yang tepat di tempat kerja masih merupakan hal penting yang harus terus didorong untuk dilaksanakan.

ABSTRACT

Background : The eyes are still among the organs most frequently injured in occupational accidents. It is estimated that 1.6 million people are blinded as a result of eye injuries worldwide. In general, ocular injuries at work can be preventable and attributable to non-use of protective eyewear. The purpose of this evidence based case report was to determine the effectiveness of PPE for the prevention of occupational ocular injury.
Method : The literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Wiley Online. The inclusion criteria of this searching strategy were full text, humans, and published within 10 years. The exclusion criteria of this searching were children, inaccessible full text article, and non-occupational focus study. The articles were critically appraised using relevant criteria by the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine.
Result : Two relevant and valid articles were included. A case-control study by Zakrzweski H et.al stated that eye PPE was not worn by 66.9% of the cohort, with 33.1% of the cohort sustaining an occupational eye injury despite the use of eye PPE. Its use does not preclude a significant proportion of such workers from injury. A cross-sectional study by Lombardi DA et.al (2009) stated that lack of comfort/fit, and fogging and scratching of the eyewear were suggested as the most important barriers to PPE usage. Younger age and lack of safety training were other important factors affecting use of PPE
Conclusion : The effectiveness of PPE usage to prevent ocular injury is still inconclusive. The advocating for both the use and appropriate selection of eye PPE in the workplace is still an important thing that should be continuously encouraged.
"
2019
SP-Pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jain, Sarah S. Lochlann
Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006
346.730 3 JAI i (1)
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Eko Borneo Yulanderi
"[ABSTRAK
Tugas Karya Akhir ini membahas tentang praktik pungutan liar yang dilakukan
oleh oknum anggota Satuan Lalu Lintas Polri di Kantor Bersama Samsat yang
penulis nilai sebagai State Based Authority Crime. Tulisan ini menggunakan data
sekunder yang berasal dari penelitian-penelitian yang terdapat dalam skripsi
ataupun artikel-artikel jurnal. Serta tidak lupa juga artikel pemberitaan online.
Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa, wajib pajak juga memiliki peran yang cukup
besar dalam mendorong terjadinya praktik pungutan liar di Kantor Bersama
Samsat. Selain itu, terdapat tiga aspek yang melatarbelakangi oknum petugas
melakukan praktik pungutan liar, yaitu aspek motivasi, rasionalisasi, dan adanya
kesempatan. Sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri, terdapat lima teknik netralisasi
yang dijadikan oknum petugas sebagai dalih atau pembenaran akan praktik
ilegalnya tersebut, yaitu : denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of
victim, condemnation of the condemners, dan appeal to higher loyalities.

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses about the practice of facilitation payment committed by
unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor Bersama Samsat which
assessed by author as State Based Authority Crime. This paper uses secondary
data derived from previous studies, include thesis or international journal articles,
also taken from online news articles.
This paper concludes that the taxpayer also has a considerable role in encouraging
the practice of facilitation payment in Kantor Bersama Samsat. In addition, there
are three aspects underlying the administration officers to do the facilitation
payment, there are motivation, rationalization, and opportunity. As a defense
mechanism, there are five techniques of neutralization that serve as a pretext or a
self-defense mechanism from unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor
Bersama Samsat, there are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of
victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.;This paper discusses about the practice of facilitation payment committed by
unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor Bersama Samsat which
assessed by author as State Based Authority Crime. This paper uses secondary
data derived from previous studies, include thesis or international journal articles,
also taken from online news articles.
This paper concludes that the taxpayer also has a considerable role in encouraging
the practice of facilitation payment in Kantor Bersama Samsat. In addition, there
are three aspects underlying the administration officers to do the facilitation
payment, there are motivation, rationalization, and opportunity. As a defense
mechanism, there are five techniques of neutralization that serve as a pretext or a
self-defense mechanism from unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor
Bersama Samsat, there are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of
victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.;This paper discusses about the practice of facilitation payment committed by
unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor Bersama Samsat which
assessed by author as State Based Authority Crime. This paper uses secondary
data derived from previous studies, include thesis or international journal articles,
also taken from online news articles.
This paper concludes that the taxpayer also has a considerable role in encouraging
the practice of facilitation payment in Kantor Bersama Samsat. In addition, there
are three aspects underlying the administration officers to do the facilitation
payment, there are motivation, rationalization, and opportunity. As a defense
mechanism, there are five techniques of neutralization that serve as a pretext or a
self-defense mechanism from unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor
Bersama Samsat, there are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of
victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties., This paper discusses about the practice of facilitation payment committed by
unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor Bersama Samsat which
assessed by author as State Based Authority Crime. This paper uses secondary
data derived from previous studies, include thesis or international journal articles,
also taken from online news articles.
This paper concludes that the taxpayer also has a considerable role in encouraging
the practice of facilitation payment in Kantor Bersama Samsat. In addition, there
are three aspects underlying the administration officers to do the facilitation
payment, there are motivation, rationalization, and opportunity. As a defense
mechanism, there are five techniques of neutralization that serve as a pretext or a
self-defense mechanism from unscrupulous members of Traffic Police in Kantor
Bersama Samsat, there are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of
victim, condemnation of the condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties.]"
2015
TA-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jakarta: KEMENTRIAN PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA RI, 2015
796 MIRSON
Majalah, Jurnal, Buletin  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Agus Setiyadi
"

Insiden cedera tekan merupakan salah satu indikator mutu pelayanan keperawatan. Insiden cedera tekan yang tinggi memberikan dampak terhadap lama rawat dan biaya perawatan. Pemanfaatan teknologi merupakan salah satu upaya menekan insiden cedera tekan, dengan membuat suatu software yang terkait pencegahan cedera tekan yang di sebut electronic_Pressure Injury Alarm. Prototype ini memerlukan pengembangan dan pengujian lebih lanjut, untuk mendapatkan suatu prototype yang baik. Tujuan penulisan adalah pengembangan dan pengujian prototype. Metode yang digunakan adalah Software Development Life Cycle, dengan menggunakan pengujian white box, black box dan User Acceptance Testing. Masalah yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini terkait ketentuan prototype yang baru harus melalui serangkaian pengujian untuk mendapatkan prototype yang layak pakai. Hasil pengujian didapatkan prototype sudah terimplementasikan sesuai dengan desain yang ditetapkan, fungsional program sudah sesuai dengan harapan, dan sebanyak 89,4% responden menyatakan kepuasannya terhadap prototype ini. Direkomendasikan untuk dilakukan perbaikan lebih lanjut pada beberapa kelemahan yang ditemukan selama proses pengujian, seperti stabilitas fungsi alarm, dan ketergantungan akses internet.

Kata Kunci: Cedera tekan, Pengujian, Prototype

 


The incidence of pressure injury is one of indicator of the quality in nursing service. The high incidence of pressure injury  has an impact on patient`s length of stay and service costs. The use of technology is becoming one of prevent effort to reduce the incidents of pressure injury, by making software related to reduce pressure injury called the electronic_Pressure Injury Alarm. This prototype requires further development and testing, to develop a better prototype. The purpose of this research is the development and  test the prototype. The method used is the Software Development Life Cycle, using white box, black box, and User Acceptance Testing. The main hypotesis of this research relates to the new prototype that must go through testing to get a suitable prototype. The results is the prototype have been applied in accordance with the design specified, the program works succesfully as expectations, and 89.4% respondents expressed satisfaction with this prototype. Further improvements to some of the weaknesses found during the testing process are recommended, such as alarm security stability, and internet accessibility.

Key Word: Pressure Injury, Prototype, Testing

"
2019
T53300
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Suhirman
"Cedar kulit terkait perekat medis sering terjadi baik diperawatan biasa, intensif maupun rawat jalan. Cedera kulit merupakan stressor fisik yang dapat menimbulkan nyeri, rasa tidak nyaman dan dapat menjadi tempat masuknya kuman atau bakteri. Cedera kulit pada anak diruang intensif disebabkan oleh penggunaan perekat medis seperti pemasangan NGT, ETT, IV Line, elektroda maupun Spo2. Cedera kulit masih sering dianggap hal yang biasa bahkan pendokumentasiannya masih jarang dilakukan baik di RS pemerintah maupun swasta. Cedera kulit dapat menyebabkan trauma, menimbulkan infeksi dan tentunya hal ini menyebabkan hari rawat semakin panjang. Dalam keperawatan modern diperlukan ketrampilan yang baik dalam mencegah cedera kulit terkait perekat medis. Identifikasi pasien beresiko tinggi cedera kulit, menentukan langkah yang tepat serta tehnik pemakain dan pelepasan perekat sangat diperlukan dalam rangka pelayanan keperawatan yang semakin optimal.

Skin injuries are physical stressors that can cause pain, discomfort and can harbor germs or bacteria. Skin injuries to children in intensive rooms are caused by the use of medical adhesives such as the insertion of NGT, ETT, IV Line, electrodes or Spo2. Injuries to the skin are still considered commonplace and even documentation is rarely done in both government and private hospitals. Injuries to the skin can cause trauma, lead to infection and of course this will lead to longer days of stay. Modern nursing requires good skills in preventing skin injuries related to medical adhesives. Identification of patients at high risk of skin injury, determining appropriate steps and techniques for using and removing adhesive are needed in order to optimize nursing services. Key words: skin injury, medical adhesive"
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Indonesia, 2021
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fonny Roosmyaty Wadudi
"Penyakit kardiovaskuler merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian global. Tindakan reperfusi dengan Intervensi Koroner Perkutan Primer (IKPP) adalah tatalaksana untuk revaskularisasi, namun tindakan ini memiliki efek paradoks berupa cedera iskemik pasca reperfusi yang meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitias. Mekanisme patogenesis cedera reperfusi yaitu respon inflamasi melalui pelepasan sitokin proinflamasi salah satunya IL-1b. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perubahan IL-1b pada serum pasien infark miokard akut-elevasi segmen- ST (IMA-EST) yang menjalani IKPP sebelum dan pasca 48 jam tindakan reperfusi dengan pemberian kolkisin. Penelitian melibatkan 64 subjek terdiri dari 30 subjek kelompok kolkisin dan 34 subjek kelompok plasebo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kadar IL-1b pasca 48 jam IKPP pada kedua kelompok  dengan delta perubahan pada kelompok kolkisin 0,4 pg/mL (-0,2 – 11,3 pg/mL) dan kelompok kontrol 0,3 pg/mL (-1,2 – 14,0 pg/mL), namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antar kedua kelompok (p=0,136). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang menilai efek kolkisin terhadap perubahan kadar IL-1b pada pasien IMA-EST yang menjalani IKPP, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi penelitian selanjutnya.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally. Reperfusion with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is a management for revascularisation, but it has a paradoxical effect of post-reperfusion ischaemic injury that increases morbidity and mortality. Pathogenesis of reperfusion injury is an inflammatory response through release of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b. This study aims to assess levels of IL-1b changes in serum of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who underwent PCI before and after 48 hours of reperfusion action with colchicine administration. The study involved 64 subjects consisting of 30 subjects in colchicine group and 34 subjects in placebo group. Study results showed an increase in IL-1b levels after 48 hours of PCI in both groups with delta changes in colchicine group of 0.4 pg/mL (-0.2 – 11.3 pg/mL) and control group of 0.3 pg/mL (-1.2 – 14.0 pg/mL), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.136). This is the first study to assess the effect of colchicine on levels of IL-1b changes in STEMI patients undergoing PCI, so it can be used as a reference for future studies."
Depok: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2024
SP-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alfi Isra
"Latar Belakang: Cedera kepala merupakan penyebab kematian paling sering pada orang dewasa muda, Dari penelitian perkiraan keluaran pasien cedera kepala sudah dapat diprediksi dalam 3 hari perawatan. Klasifikasi diffuse injury berdasarkan tomografi komputer kepala saat pertama kali datang dengan melihat sisterna mesensefalika, derajat midline shift dan ada atau tidak rnassa intrakranial operatif dapat memprediksi kematian pasien cedera kepala. Skala diffuse injury dibagi menjadi 4 subgrup, makin tinggi skala diffuse injury-nya, makin tinggi angka kematiannya.
Tujuan: Menentukan derajat diffuse injury untuk memperkirakan kemungkinan kematian 3 hari pertama pasien dewasa cedera kepala sedang dan berat,
Desain dan Metode: Studi dengan disain nested case control yang bersarang pada penelitian prospektif tanpa pembanding. Pasien dewasa cedera kepala derajat sedang dan berat yang mengalami kematian dini akan dimasukkan sebagai kelompok studi, sedangkan kelompok kontrol akan diambil secara random dari pasien-pasien yang tidak mengalami kematian dini.
Hasil: Dari 103 subyek penelitian didapatkan 24 (23,3%) penderita mengalami CKB dan 79 (76,7%) penderita CKS. Terdapat 23 (22,3 %) penderita yang meninggal daiam 3 hari pertama. Faktor yang berpeng ruh terhadap kematian adalah SKG, diffuse injury, sisterna mesensefalika, mid/Inc shift 5 mm atau lebih, denyut nadi, frekuensi nafas, jumlah leukosit dan tekanan PC02. Hasil analisis muitivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor resiko independen kematian 3 hari pertama adalah skala diffuse injury (p=0,005), midline shift 5 mm (p=0,000) dan denyut nadi (p=0,016).
Kesimpulan: Skala diffuse injury unfavorable dapat memprediksi kematian dalam 3 hari pertama. Midline shift 5 mm sebagai komponen skala berperan sebagai faktor resiko terjadinya kematian pasien dewasa cedera kepala sedang dan berat.

Background: Head injury is the most frequent cause of mortality in young adult. Previous studies showed that outcome of head injured patient could be predicted in the first 3 days from the on set. Classification of head injury based primarily on information gleaned from the initial computerized tomography (CT) is described. It utilizes the status of the mesencephalic cisterns, the degree ofmidiine shift in millimeters, and the presence of absence of one or more surgical masses could be predict mortality in trauma. The term `diffuse injury' is divided into four subgroups, and the higher mortality had a strong correlation with the higher scale,
Objective: To formulate prediction scale using `diffuse injury' to know the risk of moderate and severe head injury in the first 3 days.
Methods: It was cross sectional study and continued with nested case control without comparison between moderate and severe head injury patient. Patient who was died in the first 3 days were included as study group while control group has been consisted of patient who was not died in the first 3 days and selected randomly.
Result: from 103 subject, there were 24 (23,3%) severe head injury and 79 (76,7%) moderate head injury. There were 23 (22,3%) patients who was died in the first three days. Significant factor that had influence to the mortality were GCS, diffuse injury, mesencephalic cisterns, midline shift 5 mm or more, pulse rate, respiratory rate, leucocytes count and PCO2 . Multivariate analysis showed the independent risk factors to mortality in the first 3 days were diffuse injury (p=0,006), midline shift 5 mm or more (p=0,000) and pulse rate (p=0,016).
Conclusion: Diffuse injury could predict mortality in the first 3 days of head injury patient. Midline shift as one of diffuse injury components is the leading risk factor of mortality in moderate and severe head injury patients in this research.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2006
T58501
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fritz Sumantri
"Latar belakang : Proses yang mengikuti setelah terjadinya cedera kranioserebral berat ada 2 , yaitu kerusakan primer dan sekunder . Disfungsi pernafasan adalah salah satu hal yang terjadi pada kerusakan otak sekunder dan dapat kita ketahui dari pemeriksaan analisa gas darah yang kita lakukan . Dari hasil pemeriksaan analisa gas darah tersebut, kita dapati PaO2 dan PaCO2 . Tekanan tekanan oksigen dan karbondioksida tersebut ternyata memiliki pengaruh terhadap perubahan laju aliran darah kcotak . Di mana peningkatan PaCO2 dan penurunan PaO2 akan meningkatkan laju aliran darah ke otak , sehingga dapat meningkatkan tekanan intrakranial. Sedangkan penurunan PaCO2 dan peningkatan PaO2 dapat menurunkan laju aliran darah ke otak yang akan mengancam terjadinya proses iskemik . Perubahan perubahan tekanan gas diatas disinyalir memiliki hubungan dengan hasil akhir yang didapat pada cedera kranioserebral. Oleh sebab itu kami melakukan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara tekanan gas gas tersebut terhadap hasil akhir , khususnya PaCO2 yang tinggi (> 45 mmHg) dan PaO2 yang rendah ( < 85 mmHg ) terhadap hasil akhir setelah perawatan selama 3 hari .
Obyektif : mengetahui peranan PaCO2 tinggi dan PaO2 rendah terhadap hasil akhir setelah 3 hari perawatan pada pasien pasien cedera kranioserebral berat .
Metade : cross sectional, dengan membandingkan nilai PaO2 dan PaCO2 pads waktu pasien datang dengan hasil akhir yang terjadi setelah 3 hari perawatan.
Hasil : dari 84 sampel yang terkumpul , dilakukan pemeriksaan analisa gas darah sewaktu pasien datang, kemudian dilihat hasil akhir setelah 3 hari perawatan . Didapatkan suatu hasil bahwa PaO2 yang rendah akan mempunyai kecenderungan resiko kematian dalam 3 hari yang lebih besar, dibanding penderita yang PaO2 nya normal (p
Kesimpulan : PaO2 dan PaCO2 dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan pertimbangan dalam usaha untuk mengetahui basil keluaran pasien pasien cedera kranioserebral berat.

Background: Two processes following a severe craniocerebral injury are primary and secondary damage. Respiratory dysfunction is one of the secondary damage which can be detected by blood gas analysis revealing 02 and CO2 arterial pressure (Pa02 and PaCO2). These arterial PaO2 and PaCO2 influence the blood flow velocity to the brain, whereas elevation of PaCO2 and reduction of PaO2 will increase the blood flow velocity to the brain and thus increase intracranial pressure. On the contrary, reduction of PaCO2 and elevation of PaO2 will decrease the blood flow velocity to the brain and could be a thread for ischemic process. The alteration of blood gas above is suggested to have a correlation with the outcome of craniocerebral injury patients. In this study, we explored the correlation of blood gas pressure especially high PaCO2 (>45 mmHg) and low Pa02 (<85 mmHg) with patient's outcome after 3 days of hospital care.
Objective: To know the correlation of high PaCO2 and low PaO2 with the outcome of severe craniocerebral injury patients after 3 days of hospital care.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Patient's initial arterial PaO2 and PaCO2 was compared with patients arterial Pa02 and PaCO2 after 3 days of hospital care.
Results: Blood gas analysis was done in 84 samples at their initial admission and compared with the blood gas analysis taken after 3 days of hospital case_ It was shown that patients with low PaO2 have a tendency for higher risk of death within 3 days, if compared with patients with normal Pa02 (p<0,05); patients with high PaCO2 have a tendency for higher risk of death within 3 days, if compared with patients with normal PaCO2 (p<0,05); and patients with low PaCO2 have a tendency for higher risk of death within 3 days, if compared with patients with normal PaCO2 (p<0,05).
Conclusion: Arterial PaO2 and PCaO2 can be used as one of the consideration for predicting the outcome of severe craniocerebral injury patients.
"
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2005
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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