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"LATAR BELAKANG: Terbang dengan menggunakan pesawat yang memiliki kecepatan tinggi melebihi kecepatan suara (high performance air craft), yang mampu menghasilkan akselerasi +5Gz sampai +9Gz bahkan lebih terutama pada saat melakukan manuver, merupakan suatu tantangan tersendiri yang membutuhkan kepaiawaian dan sikap profesional. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi relaxed +Gz force tolerance seperti mean arterial pressure, hasil puncak ekspirasi dan posisi tubuh.METODE: Desain penelitian adalah studi korelasi, yang dilakukan di Lakespra Saryanto Jakarta. Dengan menggunakan populasi semua bakal calon penerbang TNI AU dan subyek dipilih secara random sederhana, semua yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diambil. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 31 orang, data yang dikumpulkan berasal dari kuesioner, pencatatan human centrifuge. Hasil penelitian kemudian dilakukan uji statistik berupa analisis regresi inner untnk melihat pengaruh arus puncak ekspirasi terhadap relaxed+Gz force tolerance serta faktor faal yang berpengaruh.HASIL: Rata-rata relaxed +G, -force tolerance 7,51 ± 0,71 G, selanjutnya beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap relaxed +Gr force tolerance antara lain arus puncak ekspirasi: koefisien regresi sebesar -0,358 dan kemaknaan p = 0,073; mean arterial pressure: koefisien regresi sebesar 0,047 dan kemaknaan p = 0,065, serta forced expiratory in 1 second: koefisien regresi sebesar 1,246 dan kemaknaan p = 0,012) dan yang paling dominan adalah-forced expiratory in l second.KESIMPULAN: Relaxed ±Gz force tolerance dipengaruhi oleh arus puncak ekspirasi. Di samping itu relaxed G tolerance berkaitan pula dengan mean arterial pressure dan FEV1.

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The Influence of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate to Relaxed +Gz Force Tolerance at Human Centrifuge Training in Pilot Candidates of Indonesian Air Force 2002BACK GROUND: Flying high performance fighter aircraft is a challenging and demanding profession which regularly imposes significant acceleration force on pilot, particularly during air combat maneuvering, in which +Gz level of +5 to ±9 G or more are frequently experienced. Relaxed +Gz force tolerance is influenced by mean arterial pressure, peak expiratory flow rate and body position.

METHODS: Correlation study design was chosen for this research in Lakespra Saryanto. Simple random sampling is used to choose the subject from all pilot candidates in the population. Thirty one subjects were selected consecutively according to inclusion criteria. Data collected from questionnaire, human centrifuge records. The results were analyzed by linear regression analysis to evaluate the influence of peak expiratory flow rate and relaxed +Gz tolerance, and other physiological factors which might influence the relaxed +Gz tolerance.

RESULTS: The mean value of relaxed +Crz tolerance was 7,51 ± 0,71G. Several factors that influence of relaxed +Gz tolerance was peak expiratory rate (regression coefficient - 0,358, p = 0,073); mean arterial pressure (regression coefficient =0,047, p = 0,065); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (regression coefficient 1,246, p = 0,012). The most dominant was forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

CONCLUSIONS: Relaxed +Gz force tolerance was influenced by peak expiratory flow rate, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and mean arterial pressure."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Penerbang yang mengawaki pesawat tempur canggih memiliki peluang besar untuk terpajan gaya + Gz tinggi dengan durasi yang cukup lama (High Sustained G). Untuk mengurangi bahaya pajanan gaya ini, penerbang tempur harus melakukan Anti G Straining Maneuver (AGSM), padahal dikeluhkan bahwa AGSM yang harus dilakukan berulang-ulang dengan intensitas tinggi cepat mengakibatkan kelelahan. Diyakini bahwa tingkat kesamaptaan otot yang baik akan meningkatkan kemampuan penerbang bertahan terhadap High Sustained G. HIPOTESIS : Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan kebenaran hipotesis bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dan durasi ketahanan tehadap High Sustained G. METODE : Subyek dipajankan terhadap gaya +8 Gz dan diinstruksikan untuk bertahan selama mungkin sampai merasakan kelelahan, dalam latihan Simulated Air Combat Maneuver (SACM) dengan Human Centrifiige. Ketahanan penerbang dinilai dengan lamanya durasi bertahan. Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) subyek dinilai dengan prosedur test kesamaptaan jasmani yang diberlakukan di TNT AU. HASIL : Dari 25 orang pilot yang semula mengikuti penelitian ini, 2 orang dikeluarkan karena mengalami mabuk gerak yang parah. Rata-rata umur dan jam terbang subyek adalah 28,0 (SD 3,4) tahun dan 501,4 (SD 232,3) jam. Ditemukan adanya hubungan yang kuat antara tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dengan durasi bertahan terhadap High Sustained G (r = 0,76 ; p < 0,01). Repetisi gerakan Push up dalam tes samapta B memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat dengan durasi ketahanan terhadap High Sustained G (r = 0,85., p < 0,01). KESIMPULAN Tingkat kesamaptaan jasmani B (kesamaptaan otot) dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi durasi bertahan terhadap High Sustained G di kalangan penerbang tempur TNT AU. Latihan beban dengan fokus pada kelompok otot dada kemungkinan akan dapat mengurangi kelelahan yang terjadi saat melakukan AGSM.

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BACKGROUND : Fighter pilots flying high performance airera is are often subjected to high levels of headword (+ Gz) acceleration. In order to reduce dangerous effect of this type of acceleration pilots must perform the Anti G Straining Maneuver (AGSM), eventhough there are a number of complaints that this repeated and high intensity maneuver is perceived very fatiguing. It seems that a good muscle fitness will increase pilot's High Sustained G endurance

HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to define correlations between muscle fitness levels and High Sustained G durations.

METHODS : Subjects were exposed to +8 Gz plateaus during a Human Centrifuge Simulated Air Combat Maneuver (SACM) until volitional fatigue. High Sustained G endurances were evaluated by measuring the exposure durations. Muscle fitness levels were determined using a standardized test protocol of Indonesian Air Force.

RESULTS : Twenty five pilots participated in this study. Because of severe motion sickness 2 pilots were eliminated. Their age and flying hours averaged 28,0 (SD 3,4) years and 501,4 (SD 232,3) hours. Strong correlation was found between muscle fitness levels and High Sustained G durations (r = 0,75 ; p < 0,01). Push up test item had a very strong correlation with High Sustained G durations (r = 0,85 ; p < 0,01).

CONCLUSION The results indicate that the muscle fitness levels can be used to predict High Sustained G durations performed by Indonesian Air Force fighter pilots during SACM. Weight training focused on chest muscle groups may reduce fatigue while performing AGSM."