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"ABSTRAKNepenthes mampu hidup di dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Perbedaan habitat memunculkan perbedaan anatomi, salah satunya organ daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakter anatomi helaian daun antara Nepenthes dataran tinggi N. aristolochioides dan N. singalana dari Sumatra dan Nepenthes dataran rendah N. rafflesiana dan N. gracilis dari Kalimantan. Setiap spesies diambil satu daun dewasa dari dua individu tumbuhan. Setiap daun dibuat sayatan melintang menggunakan hand mini microtome dan sayatan paradermal dengan teknik leaf scraping. Sayatan didehidrasi menggunakan seri alkohol bertingkat. Pewarnaan menggunakan safranin 1 dan fastgreen 1 . Sayatan diamati mengunakan mikroskop cahaya Olympus di Laboratorium Bioimaging ILRC, UI-Depok. Uji komparatif data anatomi kuantitatif menggunakan Uji T dan Uji Mann-Whitney. Kelompok spesies dataran tinggi menunjukkan helaian daun lebih tebal; kutikula adaksial lebih tipis; kutikula abaksial lebih tebal; epidermis adaksial dan abaksial lebih tebal; hipodermis adaksial lebih banyak lapisan dan lebih tebal; hipodermis abaksial lebih tebal; mesofil lebih tebal; jaringan palisade lebih banyak lapisan dan lebih tebal; sel epidermis adaksial dan abaksial lebih besar; kelenjar sesil adaksial dan abaksial lebih besar, lebih sedikit, dan lebih renggang; stomata abaksial lebih panjang, lebih lebar, lebih besar, lebih sedikit, dan lebih renggang; sel penjaga abaksial lebih panjang dan lebih lebar dibandingkan spesies dataran rendah.

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ABSTRACTNepenthes is able to live in the highland and lowland. The differences of their habitat influence theirs anatomical differences, such as leaves. This study aimed to compare the leaves anatomy character between highland Nepenthes N. aristolochioides and N. singalana from Sumatra and lowland Nepenthes N. rafflesiana and N. gracilis from Kalimantan. Each species was represented by one adult leaves of two individual plants. Each leaf was made transverse section by using a hand mini microtome and paradermal section was made by leaf scraping technique. Section was dehydrated by using graded series of alcohol. Sections were stained with safranin 1 and fastgreen 1 . Section was observed using an Olympus light microscope at ILRC Bioimaging Laboratory, UI Depok. The comparative test data of quantitative anatomy using Independent t Test and Mann Whitney Test. Group of highland species showed thicker leaves blade thinner adaxial cuticle thicker abaxial cuticle thicker adaxial and abaxial epidermis more layers and thicker adaxial hypodermis thicker abaxial hypodermis thicker mesophyll more layers and thicker palisade bigger adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell bigger, fewer, and lower density adaxial and abaxial sessile gland longer, wider, bigger, fewer and lower densitity abaxial stomata longer and wider abaxial guard cell than group of lowland species."

"Kenya’s tea industry depends predominantly on imported NPK fertilizers to replenish nutrients removed through plucking. In this respect, two blended fertilizers containing NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg and NPKS 23:5:5:4+10Ca+3Mg with trace elements have been produced in the country. However, contribution of the blended fertilizers to optimal tea yields had not been determined. The study aimed to evaluate the optimal levels of the two blended fertilizers on tea grown in the highlands of Kenya. The blended fertilizers were evaluated in two sites, i.e. Timbilil estate in Kericho and Kagochi farm in Nyeri. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with two blended fertilizers and the standard NPK 26:5:5 as a control. The treatments were applied at four fertilizer rates (0-control, 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1), with three replications. The results showed that application of 225 kg N ha-1 yr-1 blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg in Timbilil produced mean yield of 2,995 kg Mt ha-1 compared with 3,099 kg Mt ha-1 from the standard NPK. In Kagochi, the highest yield was 1,975 kg Mt ha-1 obtained from the application of the same blended fertilizer NPKS 25:5:5:4+9Ca+2.6Mg at 75 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The highest yields in both sites were obtained during a warm-dry season except in 2015-2016. This study concluded that based on the annual and seasonal yields, the two blended fertilizers and the standard type had the same effectiveness, irrespective of clones and sites. However, the fertilizer rates affected the tea yield."