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"Kabupaten/Kota Sehat merupakan salah satu upaya meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang telah terselenggara selama 18 tahun. Ditemukan bahwa terdapat ketidakselarasan antara pelaksanaan KKS dengan aspek kesehatan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak kesehatan dari penyelenggaraan KKS dengan melihat perbandingan aspek kesehatan (IPKM, UHH, prevalensi TB paru, dan prevalensi diare) antara kabupaten/kota yang menyelenggarakan dan tidak menyelenggarakan KKS, serta kabupaten/kota yang mendapat dan tidak mendapatkan penghargaan Swasti Saba. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif yang menggunakan data sekunder terkait pada tahun 2018 yang kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji T-Test. Berdasarkan analisis ditemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mean secara statistik dengan rincian kabupaten/kota yang menyelenggarakan KKS maupun mendapat penghargaan Swasti Saba memiliki rata rata IPKM dan UHH yang lebih tinggi daripada yang tidak menyelenggarakan atau tidak mendapat penghargaan. Untuk variabel prevalensi TB paru dan prevalensi diare, disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan mean yang bermakna secara statistik. Dari penelitian ini disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat meneliti lebih lanjut terkait dampak kesehatan yang lain maupun melakukan pendalaman dari penelitian ini. Pemerintah dapat mengevaluasi kembali terkait dampak pada aspek kesehatan dari penyelenggaraan KKS.

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Kabupaten/Kota Sehat is one of the efforts to improve public health status which has been held for 18 years. It was found that there was a mismatch between the implementation of the KKS and the health aspects. Therefore, this study aims to describe the health impact of KKS implementation by looking at comparisons of health aspects (IPKM, UHH, pulmonary TB prevalence, and diarrhea prevalence) between districts/cities that organize and do not organize KKS, and districts/cities that get and did not get the Swasti Saba award. This research is a descriptive study using related secondary data in 2018 which then analyzed univariately and bivariately using the T-Test. Based on the analysis, it was found that there was a difference in the mean statistically where the districts/cities that organized KKS or received the Swasti Saba award had a higher average IPKM and UHH than those that did not organize or did not receive an award. For the variable prevalence of pulmonary TB and prevalence of diarrhea, it was concluded that there was no statistically significant mean difference. From this study, it is suggested that future researchers can explore further related to other health impacts as well as deepen the results of this research. The government can re-evaluate the impact on the health aspect of the KKS implementation."

"Angka pembelanjaan kesehatan dunia cenderung mengalami peningkatan, terlebih setelah pandemi COVID-19. Data dari National Health Account (NHA) menunjukkan kenaikan angka belanja kesehatan di Indonesia sebesar 64% dari tahun 2019 hingga 2021 yang sebagian besar dibebankan kepada dana pemerintah dan pembayaran tunai oleh pasien. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk mengatasi keterbatasan kemampuan pendanaan kesehatan negara adalah mendorong peran swasta melalui Public Private Partnership (PPP) yang dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk tanggung jawab sosial atau Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR juga menjadi komitmen perusahaan dalam melaksanakan tanggung jawab terhadap sosial dan lingkungannya (TJSL) yang tertuang dalam UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dan mengevaluasi program CSR PT Astra International Tbk. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan desain studi kasus melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam untuk mendapatkan data primer dan telaah dokumen untuk mendapatkan data sekunder. Penelitian menggunakan metode Health Impact Assessment (HIA) berdasarkan tahapan HIA, yaitu screening, scoping, assessment, recommendation dan reporting, serta monitoring dan evaluation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan target yang menjadi dasar penyusunan program belum optimal, kurangnya perhatian stakeholder terhadap isu kesehatan, penerapan prinsip partisipatif HIA melalui pre-activity assessment dan kemitraan, analisis dampak kesehatan melalui social mapping dan need assessment, penyusunan rekomendasi berdasarkan konsep dan dampak program dari umpan balik, dan monev berjenjang setiap bulan. Rekomendasi dari hasil penelitian yaitu membuat roadmap CSR beserta target dan KPI-nya, menggunakan preliminary checklist, melibatkan perguruan tinggi/organisasi profesi untuk monev, membuat profiling dan diagram kausal hasil analisis dampak, metode context, input, process, dan product (CIPP) untuk evaluasi program, memetakan peran mitra Kemenkes RI, dan mengembangkan sertifikasi mitra Kemenkes RI sebagai bentuk apresiasi dari pemerintah.

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Global health expenditure has tended to increase, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the National Health Account (NHA) shows a 64% increase in health spending in Indonesia from 2019 to 2021, with the majority being funded by the government and out-of-pocket payments by patients. One of the government's efforts to address the country's limited health funding capacity is to encourage private sector involvement through Public Private Partnerships (PPP), which can be implemented in the form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). CSR also represents a company's commitment to fulfilling its social and environmental responsibilities (TJSL) as regulated by Law Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies. This study was conducted to assess the success and evaluate the CSR program of PT Astra International Tbk. The research was designed as a case study using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews to obtain primary data and document reviews to obtain secondary data. The study employed the Health Impact Assessment (HIA) method based on the stages of HIA, which include screening, scoping, assessment, recommendation and reporting, as well as monitoring and evaluation. The results showed that the targets forming the basis of the program's design were not optimal, there was a lack of stakeholder attention to health issues, the principle of participatory HIA was applied through pre-activity assessment and partnerships, health impact analysis was conducted through social mapping and need assessment, recommendations were formulated based on feedback and program impact, and tiered monthly monitoring and evaluation were conducted. Recommendations from the study include creating a CSR roadmap with targets and KPIs, using a preliminary checklist, involving universities/professional organizations in monitoring and evaluation, creating profiles and causal diagrams from impact analysis, using the context, input, process, and product (CIPP) method for program evaluation, mapping the roles of partners with the Indonesian Ministry of Health, and developing certification for partners as a form of government recognition."

"In this handbook, the editors systematically present the maximum possible number of known eco-materials, including ”cyclic” materials; materials for ecology and environmental protection; materials for society and human health; and materials for energy based on two main criteria: their sources and their functions. Eco-materials (also called “environmentally friendly materials” or “environmentally preferable” materials) are materials that enhance, or refrain from damaging, the environment throughout their life cycles.The chapters are written by global leaders in their fields. The book will cater to the strong and ever-increasing demand for energy, benign materials, and cost efficiency. Eco-materials is arguably one of the most important fields of modern science & technology. "

"In this handbook, the editors systematically present the maximum possible number of known eco-materials, including ”cyclic” materials; materials for ecology and environmental protection; materials for society and human health; and materials for energy based on two main criteria: their sources and their functions. Eco-materials (also called “environmentally friendly materials” or “environmentally preferable” materials) are materials that enhance, or refrain from damaging, the environment throughout their life cycles.The chapters are written by global leaders in their fields. The book will cater to the strong and ever-increasing demand for energy, benign materials, and cost efficiency. Eco-materials is arguably one of the most important fields of modern science & technology. "